Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons^™

An Optimization Model Of The Dual-Purpose Cattle Production System In The Humid Lowlands Of Venezuela, Charles F. Nicholson, David R. Lee, Richard N. Boisvert, Robert W. Blake, Isabella C. Urbina

Agribusiness

We developed a deterministic, multi-period linear programming (LP) model of the dual-purpose (milk-beef) cattle production system in the Sur del Lago region of Venezuela. The LP model selected animal, forage, and purchased feed activities subject to nutritional, land, and herd composition constraints to maximize discounted herd net margin. A cattle nutrition model provided original coefficients for feeds and animal nutrient requirements. Revised coefficients resulted from an iterative procedure to avoid errors from the interaction between diet and requirements. Model applications demonstrated that alternatives to traditional feeding practices are profitable and nutritionally feasible. However, the benefits of alternative nutritional management depend …

Clearing The Air, Mike Carroll

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This edition of the Western Australian Journal of Agriculture contains an exchange of letters between 20 farmers and myself, prompted by the article by Ross Kingwell in the last issue of the Journal (Volume 34, No. 4, 1993).

The article was entitled 'Agriculture's Economic Performance', and dealt with some of the economic forces in agriculture, including the terms of trade, productivity growth and the growth of exports. However, it is evident from the following letter and from other comments that the worthwhile content of the article was negated by some unfortunate phrasing, and a too compressed treatment of a complex …

A Socio-Economic Study Of Nature Tourist Behavior In Louisiana, Rudolf Walter Jacobs Ast

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Some Strategies For Development Of Nigeria's Agricultural Sector In The 1990s, G. E. Ukpong

Economic and Financial Review

This paper reviews the major policy measures Introduced by the government to Induce growth of output of the agricultural sector and accelerate Its development. Some measures adopted before the Introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP} Included producer prices selling through Marketing Boards, establishment of financial Institutions and Funds to extend credit to the sector at concessionary Interest rates, and the provision of extension services by ministries of agriculture. Agricultural policy measures under SAP consisted, among others, of abolition of Commodity Boards, free market determination of agricultural product prices, a ban on the export and Import of selected agricultural products …

Ultrafiltration In The Ontario Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Remy Lambert

Agribusiness

The economics of introducing ultrafiltration (UF) into the Ontario dairy industry is analyzed. First, a partial budget is developed to determine feasibility of UF on the farm. The budget indicates that the great majority of Ontario dairy farms are not large enough to capture the economies of size inherent in the new technology. Second, a location-allocation model is used to determine the feasibility, number and location of UF collection centers in Ontario. The model indicates that the UF centers would capture the economies of size and the centers would benefit the dairy industry as a whole. However, processors of soft …

A Proposed Communication Strategy For The Decade Of Landcare: A Report By The Working Group For The Communication Strategy Fir The Decade Of Landcare, Department Of Agriculture And Food, Western Australia, Working Group For The Communication Strategy For The Decade Of Landcare (W.A.), Soil And Land Conservation Council (W.A.)

All other publications

A Better Future for Rural WA was a conference focusing on leadership and economic development in rural WA. The conference included

o Development of leaders in rural industries and communities.

o Building more vibrant rural communities through community and economic development initiatives.

o Generating innovative approaches to value adding and marketing our agricultural produce.

o Exploring how rural WA can further build on the economic strengths of agriculture

The conference was designed to help people deal with the issues facing rural communities by showcasing new and innovative projects and practices in rural development from within Australia and overseas and showing …

Estimating The Effectiveness Of Extension Information Systems Using Farm Trical And Subjective Probabilities, Wayne H. Howard, Robert W. Blake, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Michael A. Tomaszewski

Agribusiness

A method of combining survey data and Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) records to achieve low cost farm trials is presented. Farm trials and surveys of current practices and production responses are useful to identify yield gaps between expectations predicted from experimental findings and actual field results. Different management schemes can be ranked using subjective probabilities and stochastic dominance to enhance successful implementation of research findings and to increase the feedback between researchers, extension workers, and producers. A survey of current masitis control practices and expected milk yield response is the example. Combining survey results with DHIA records allowed estimating …

Land Use History: Universal Forest Products Mill Site, Susie Van Kirk

Susie Van Kirk Papers

A history of land use in post-settler Humboldt County, spanning from 1850-1992. This report discusses the process of industrialization in Humboldt County, focusing on the Arcata Creamery and the Arcata Mill. This report includes a history of how the logging, milling, and agriculture industries expanded and created the need for industry such as the Creamery and the Mill.

Urbanization And Food Imports In Sub-Saharan Africa, James Tabi, Wayne H. Howard, Truman Phillips

Agribusiness

The Granger statistical test of causality was used to examine the relationship between total food imports and urbanization and between food aid and urbanization. Urbanization appears to have caused total food imports to increase in 13 of the 24 countries. Food imports appear to be a cause of urbanization in three countries. Food aid, however, apparently was a cause of urbanization in 16 of the 24 countries used in the analysis.

Citrin, Daniel: "Agricultural Policies In Japan And Their Economic Consequences". World Economic And Financial Surveys, Imf Staff Studies, September, 1990, Pp. 53 - 63., F. C. Agu

Economic and Financial Review

The 11-page paper reviews the main policies that have been applied to support Japanese agriculture, the costs as well as· the benefits. The rice crop is accorded pre-eminence because of its importance in the country's agriculture.

Monitoring And Controlling Mastitis On Ontario Dairy Farms, Wayne H. Howard, Ravinderpal Gill, Kenneth E. Leslie, Kerry Lissemore

Agribusiness

The frequency of use and the marginal costs and marginal value products of mastitis control practices on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield are investigated. A survey of current management practices is combined with Dairy Herd Improvement production information to determine the relationships between milk yield, SCC, management practices, and production and producer characteristics under field conditions. The relationships are modeled and compared at the cow and herd level. A moment-generating approach is used in the herd model to determine which, if any, practices are risk reducing. The SCC for an individual cow is a better indicator of milk …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, June 1991, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Statistical Bulletin

The financial statistics section offers comprehensive data on various financial subsectors, including money and banking, financial markets, non-bank financial institutions, and public finance statistics. Key areas covered include data consolidation of commercial and merchant banks, liquidity ratios, cash reserves, loan/deposit ratios, and credit distribution. Clearing house statistics provide information on volume of transactions within the commercial banking system and the number and value of cheques cleared. Financial markets provide information on new issues, treasury securities, money market assets, Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) transactions, and government debt instruments. Public finance statistics include federal government revenue and expenditure, sources such as oil, …

Miscellaneous Publication 33/91 - Markets For Western Australian Beef, Alan Peggs

Animal production and livestock published reports

In 1990/91 the Western Australian beef industry generated close to $172 million and was the State's third largest rural industry.

As at 31 March this year the Australian Bureau of Statistics estimates the State's cattle herd at 1,651,000 head of which 108,000 head are dairy cattle. Of the beef cattle 832,000 are located in the agricultural area and 819,000 in the pastoral area.

The principal market for Western Australian beef is the domestic market. This market consumes around 65 per cent of the State's annual production. Export markets use close to 35 per cent with the principal markets being the …

Developments In The Agricultural Sector In The Fourth Quarter Of 1990, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

Given these positive developments, overall output of staple crops, rose at the end of the quarter, by 10.2 per cent compared with 4.9 per cent in the corresponding period of the previous year. Livestock production increased by 0.6 per cent in contrast to a decline of 0.7 per cent in the fourth quarter of 1989. However, the performance of the agricultural sector was moderated slightly by a few reports of drought and pests outbreaks in Bomo, Kano, Katsina and Sokoto States, where some field crops such as millet, sorghum and cowpeas were destroyed, while erosion and flood threatened crop production …

Economic Characteristics Of The Nursery-Greenhouse Sector In Connecticut, Wayne Gineo, Manda Rao

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Regional Adjustment Response In The U.S. Dairy Sector To Changes In Milk Support Price, Alfons Weersink, Wayne H. Howard

Agribusiness

Milk production supply response at the regional level for the U.S. dairy sector is estimated through the use of dynamic dual models. Adjustment rates and elasticity measures are presented, and then the estimated parameter coefficients are used to stimulate shifts in production resulting from price changes. A drop in milk price designed to realign market conditions is projected to be borne largely by the Corn Belt and, to a lesser extent, the western states.

The Agricultural Implications Of Europe 1992, Ross Kingwell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Most farmers know only too well that the policies of national and international governments affect the prices they receive for their produce. The Europe 1992 policy is a new policy with potential to benefit Australian agriculture. The Europe 1992 policy is a set of policy initiatives being adopted by member countries of the European Economic Community (EC). The 1992 policy aims to create a barrier-free internal market among EC members by the end of 1992. All impediments to trade within the EC are to be dismantled. The Europe 1992 policy is already causing change in many European markets and is …

Human Resource Management: A Review With Applications To Agriculture, Wayne H. Howard, Kenneth A. Mcewan

Agribusiness

For years the major management concern of farm managers was farm production. In the 1970s and 1980s, the importance of finance and marketing emerged as two additional critical success factors in production agriculture. A fourth management area of growing importance to successful farming is managing labor (Thomas and Erven 1989). Total employment in farming has been steadily decreasing to less than 4% of Canada's labor force in 1984 from close to 20% in 1950 (Agriculture Canada 1984). However, the labor remaining in agriculture has been changing structure, with a greater proportion of hired labor. Hired labor accounted for 30% of …

Technical Change And Applications Of Dynamic Duality To Agriculture: Reply, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway

Agribusiness

No abstract provided.

What Our Students Should Know: Perspectives From Business And Academia, Wayne H. Howard

Agribusiness

Perspectives from business and academia on the relative importance of various skills and attributes were compared. The perspective from academia came from the University of Guelph learning objectives and the AEB simple and complex skills required for undergraduate majors. A survey of Canadian agribusiness firms, including governmental agencies, provided the business perspective. Different types and sizes of businesses were consistent in ranking the relative importance of the various skills and attributes. The rankings by business were also consistent with the hierachial learning objectives from the University of Guelph and the disciplinary skills from the AEB. The hypothesis that business and …

Linkages Between Regulated And Unregulated Markets: The Case Of Milk Supply In Kenya, Wayne H. Howard, Ian Mcdonald

Agribusiness

Linkages between the regulated and unregulated dairy markets in Kenya were examined using an econometric model of the fluid milk intake for eight processing plants. Counter-intuitive results were obtained: an increase in the regulated price was significant in decreasing intake in the regulated market, indicating that a price increase in the regulated market also increased price and quantity supplied in the unregulated market. Lagged rainfall was a proxy for available feed and was highly significant in explaining milk intake in the regulated market.

Dynamic Adjustment In The U.S. Dairy Industry, Wayne H. Howard, Richard C. Shumway

Agribusiness

A dual model is used to examine the dynamic structure of the U.S. dairy industry. Properties implied by the theory of the competitive firm and independent adjustment of two quasi-fixed inputs, labor and herd size, are tested and not rejected. Instantaneous adjustment, however, is soundly rejected for each quasi-fixed input. Input adjustment to optimal levels is estimated to take about two years for labor and ten for cows. Quality adjustments of the labor and cow series do not fully embody the technological change that has occurred in this industry over the study period.

Information And Herd Health Management Practices In Texas Dairies, Wayne H. Howard, Thomas O. Knight, Richard C. Shumway, Robert W. Blake, Michael A. Tomaszewski

Agribusiness

The dissemination of information by extension agents on dairy management practices used to control mastitis and the reception and use of that information by producers are investigated. Producers are surveyed to determine current practices used. The relationship between milk yield, somatic cell count, management practices, and producer and production characteristics is estimated. Subjective probabilities are elicited from "expert," extension agents, and producers concerning the impact and cost of various management practices. Subjective marginal value products and marginal input costs are computed and compared for the respondent groups. Stochastic dominance is used to rank the relative importance of the practices as …

Developments In The Agricultural Sector During The Second Quarter Of 1987, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

The widespread concern expressed about possible adverse effects of late arrival of rains abated slightly towards the end of the quarter. This was because in the south, middle belt and sudan savannah regions, the level of rain allowed early crops like maize, yam, groundnut and vegetables to be planted, nurtured and in some cases harvested. In the northern parts of the country, especially the sahelian zones, farmers experienced their first rains which facilitated land preparation activities as well as plan ting, especially in Kaduna, Bomo and Sokoto states. A total of 130, 952.35 tonnes of fertiliser were discharged at the …

Vegetable Budgeting Handbook Manjimup Region 1986-87, Peter Eckersley

Horticulture published reports

This handbook is designed as a guide

i) to help growers cost out or budget for their own or alternative enterprises, and use correct methods for calculating benefits and costs of alternative actions. production, and

ii) to help advisers and lending agencies prepare and review budgets.

WARNING - The budgets herein do not purport to represent the average profitability of each crop. It is the reader's responsibility to use the information in them correctly.

The Manjimup region here includes Pemberton, Nannup, Bridgetown and Donnybrook.

Unit production costs vary widely within any farming district. Low-cost production requires the right levels and …

Developments In The World Commodity Markets During The Second Quarter Of 1986, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

All the items, except rubber and ginger, recorded price declines ranging from 0.6 per cent for coffee to 34.1 per cent for palm kernel. The prices of rubber and ginger increased by 4.3 and I. 7 per cent, respectively. The major factor responsible for the deterioration was the effect of failure to reach positive agreement on most of the international commodity organisations, particularly in respect of cocoa. Other factors which helped to depress the market included the sharp decline in oil prices which reduced the purchasing power of affected countries, appreciable gains by the pound sterling over the US dollar …

Developments In The International Commodity Markets During The Fourth Quarter Of 1984, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn

Economic and Financial Review

A low tempo of activities characterised the international Commodity markets during the fourth quarter of 1984. The marginal movements in the price levels of most commodities were however accentuated by currency exchange rate fluctuations. The all-commodities price index rose by 5.0 and 0.3 per cent over its respective levels in the preceding quarter and the corresponding quarter of 1983. The price increase was reflected in all but three of the selected commodities. The highest price increases occurred in coffee (26. 7%), cocoa (6 .3%) palm oil (6%) and cotton (5 .8%). Of the three commodities whose price fell , two, …

Economic Feasibility Of Electricity Generation On Cage Layer Operations, The, Boris E. Bravo-Ureta, Glen V. Mcmmahon

Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station

No abstract provided.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1983, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1983, Nigeria's economy experienced severe stagflation, with GDP falling by 4.4%, more than the 3.4% decline recorded in 1982. Domestic inflation was 23.2%, more than three times the 7.7% recorded in 1982. The external sector also suffered from the general malaise, with the recorded value of external trade falling from N21.3 billion in 1982 to N17.3 billion in 1983. Agricultural production fell sharply due to severe droughts, bush fires, and diseases/pest infestations in livestock and crops. The volume of primary commercial energy consumed increased, with the index going up by 4.4% in 1983. Inflationary pressures intensified due to the …

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Account For The Year Ended 31st December, 1982, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

The economic slowdown in 1981-1982 led to a decline in mineral and export crop production, with crude oil production falling from 1.440 million barrels in 1981 to 1.29 million barrels in 1982. The Central Bank of Nigeria business survey showed increased manufacturing sales and inventories of finished goods. Inflation decelerated to its lowest level since 1973, mainly due to reduced monetary expansion and increased production of staple food, livestock products, and fish. The money supply rose by 5.6% in 1980 and 3.1% in 1982, but the government sector's share in bank credit increased. The Gross National Product of all industrialized …