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Articles 19381 - 19410 of 19424
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Human Perception Of Ai Capabilities At Classifying Perturbed Roadway Signs, Katherine R. Garcia, Jing Chen, Yanru Xiao, Scott Mishler, Cong Wang, Bin Hu
Human Perception Of Ai Capabilities At Classifying Perturbed Roadway Signs, Katherine R. Garcia, Jing Chen, Yanru Xiao, Scott Mishler, Cong Wang, Bin Hu
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial to numerous functions required for driving automation systems, including the computer vision techniques used to detect the roadway environment and make real-time decisions. However, the images used as inputs to the AI system may be maliciously perturbed, or manipulated, causing the AI system to make an incorrect classification. In this study, we examined humans’ perception of the AI’s computer vision capability of classifying various road sign images, including the original images, images with two different types of malicious attacks, and images that are scrambled randomly at the pixel level. Our results showed that participants rated …
Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning Framework For Forecasting Coastal Water Level In Virginia Beach, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Malachi Schram, Sridhar Katragadda, Diana Mcspadden, Alisa N. Udomvisawakul, Heather Richter, Frank Liu
Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning Framework For Forecasting Coastal Water Level In Virginia Beach, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Malachi Schram, Sridhar Katragadda, Diana Mcspadden, Alisa N. Udomvisawakul, Heather Richter, Frank Liu
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Coastal areas like Virginia Beach, USA, are increasingly vulnerable to flooding. To mitigate the impact of flooding, it is crucial for the City of Virginia Beach to have reliable 72-hour-ahead (3 days) forecasts of water levels at key gauge locations. To support this effort, several sensors have been installed throughout the city to monitor water levels and other environmental parameters such as wind speed, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure. Leveraging sensor data from one of these locations, we developed an uncertainty-aware deep learning model to forecast water levels. We employed deep quantile regression (DQR) to quantify variability in the predictions and …
A Real-Time Approach To Capture Ambient And Focal Attention In Visual Search, Gavindya Jayawardena, Yasith Jayawardana, Yasasi Abeysinghe, Bhanuka Mahanama, Sampath Jayarathna, Jacek Gwizdka
A Real-Time Approach To Capture Ambient And Focal Attention In Visual Search, Gavindya Jayawardena, Yasith Jayawardana, Yasasi Abeysinghe, Bhanuka Mahanama, Sampath Jayarathna, Jacek Gwizdka
Computer Science Faculty Publications
During visual search, individuals’ attention shifts between ambient and focal states in response to task demands and stimuli. The ambient/focal coefficient K is a statistically validated measure of these states, computed offline from fixation duration and saccade amplitude data. While current methods compute K offline, real-time computation could enable applications such as monitoring user attention, creating attention-adaptive user interfaces, and optimizing graphics rendering. However, real-time computation of K requires stable estimates for the parameters of fixation duration and saccade amplitude distributions. Since these distributions are heavy-tailed, the real-time estimates exhibit high variance and slow convergence. To overcome this, we propose …
A Bibliographic And Topic Modeling Analysis Of The P-Adic Theory Literature Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Humberto Llinás, Ismael Gutiérrez, Anselmo Torresblanca, Javier De La Hoz, Brian Llinás
A Bibliographic And Topic Modeling Analysis Of The P-Adic Theory Literature Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Humberto Llinás, Ismael Gutiérrez, Anselmo Torresblanca, Javier De La Hoz, Brian Llinás
Computer Science Faculty Publications
P-adic analysis, introduced by Kurt Hensel in the early 20th century, has developed into a fundamental area of mathematical research with broad applications in number theory, algebraic geometry, and mathematical physics. This study aims to examine the thematic evolution and scholarly impact of p-adic research through a comprehensive topic modeling and bibliometric analysis. Using classical bibliometric techniques (e.g., performance analysis, co-authorship, and co-citation networks) combined with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), we analyzed 7388 peer-reviewed documents published between 1965 and 2024. The computational workflow was conducted using R (version 4.4.1) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20), which enabled the identification of 20 distinct …
From Philosophy To Nlu: Evolving Definitions With Research Hypotheses, Jian Wu, Sarah Rajtmajer
From Philosophy To Nlu: Evolving Definitions With Research Hypotheses, Jian Wu, Sarah Rajtmajer
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Over the past decades, alongside advancements in natural language processing, significant attention has been paid to training models to automatically extract, understand, test, and generate hypotheses in open and scientific domains. However, interpretations of the term hypothesis for various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks have migrated from traditional definitions in the natural, social, and formal sciences. Even within NLU, we observe differences defining hypotheses across literature. In this paper, we overview and delineate various definitions of hypothesis. Especially, we discern the nuances of definitions across recently published NLU tasks. We highlight the importance of well-structured and well-defined hypotheses, particularly as …
Can Llms Beat Humans On Discerning Human-Written And Llm-Generated Science News, Dominik Soós, Meng Jiang, Jian Wu
Can Llms Beat Humans On Discerning Human-Written And Llm-Generated Science News, Dominik Soós, Meng Jiang, Jian Wu
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Science news is increasingly important in connecting scientists and the public by sharing discoveries and innovations. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there is potential to automate science news creation, but concerns exist about the quality of LLM-generated news versus human-written news. This paper explores whether LLMs can outperform humans in distinguishing between human-written and LLM-generated news. Inspired by the Chain-of-Thought prompting method, we designed a simple yet effective variant called Guided Few-shot (GFS), which encodes the characteristics of news of two types with examples. Our experiments indicated that GFS with just a single example effectively boosted the …
Coming Back Differently: An Exploratory Case Study Of Near Death Experiences Of Webpages, Lesley Frew, Michael L. Nelson, Michele Weigle
Coming Back Differently: An Exploratory Case Study Of Near Death Experiences Of Webpages, Lesley Frew, Michael L. Nelson, Michele Weigle
Computer Science Faculty Publications
In this case study, we use web archives to analyze 8,824 webpages that were taken offline and subsequently put back online, thus experiencing a “near death experience.” We enumerate the stages of a webpage’s near death experience, including the change from a successful HTTP status code to non-successful and back, the intermediate stage with markers such as an under construction banner, and an analysis of how the pages came back differently.
From Philosophy To Nlu: Evolving Definitions Of Research Hypotheses, Jian Wu, Sarah Rajtmajer
From Philosophy To Nlu: Evolving Definitions Of Research Hypotheses, Jian Wu, Sarah Rajtmajer
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Over the past decades, alongside advancements in natural language processing, significant attention has been paid to training models to automatically extract, understand, test, and generate hypotheses in open and scientific domains. However, interpretations of the term hypothesis for various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks have migrated from traditional definitions in the natural, social, and formal sciences. Even within NLU, we observe differences defining hypotheses across literature. In this paper, we overview and delineate various definitions of hypothesis. Especially, we discern the nuances of definitions across recently published NLU tasks. We highlight the importance of well-structured and well-defined hypotheses, particularly as …
Humans Vs. Llms On Open Domain Scientific Claim Verification: A Baseline Study, Benjamin Curtis, Stefania Dzhaman, Matthew Maisonave, Jian Wu
Humans Vs. Llms On Open Domain Scientific Claim Verification: A Baseline Study, Benjamin Curtis, Stefania Dzhaman, Matthew Maisonave, Jian Wu
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Verifying scientific claims is challenging for the general public because most people lack domain knowledge. Manual verification by subject domain experts is accurate, but it is obviously not scalable to meet the rising number of scientific claims on the Web. Whether the emerging large language models and large reasoning models can be used for scientific claim verification, and how their performances compare to humans, are still research questions. To this end, we developed a new benchmark MSVEC2 that consists of 138 claims from credible fact verification websites and science news outlets. Two tasks were given to both human and LLM …
Self-Awareness And Self-Efficacy In The Novice Professional Phase Of Marriage And Family Therapists After Person Of The Therapist Training, A Comparative Survey, Rubio Betsabé
Dissertations
The study focuses on examining the influence of person-of-the-therapist or self-of-the-therapist training on therapists’ self-reports of self-awareness (as a conscious awareness of one’s internal states and interactions with others) and self-efficacy (perceived beliefs in personal capabilities to perform in ways that give control over events that affect their lives) at the novice professional stage of their career. The study will examine the experiences reported by mental health providers actively providing clinical care by utilizing a survey design focusing on person of the therapist connecting through alumni lists and online solicitation. This research adds to the current literature by using a …
What Works In Telehealth Play Therapy? An Appreciative Heuristic Inquiry, Veronica Ann Ball
What Works In Telehealth Play Therapy? An Appreciative Heuristic Inquiry, Veronica Ann Ball
Dissertations
With the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States in March 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020), professional counselors providing traditional in-person play therapy found themselves in a quandary regarding the delivery of services during a global pandemic (Evans, 2022; Mitchell, 2020; Whaibeh et al., 2020). Online counseling proffered a means to prevent the disruption of services, respond to the need for emerging counseling services, and comply with social restrictions (Evans, 2022). Prior to the pandemic, telehealth play therapy was used sparingly (Haslam & Harris, 2011; Smith et al., 2021), and many child-serving mental health professionals lacked training …
What About The Children? An Exploration Of Family Counselors' Play Therapy Training And Preparedness To Integrate Children Into Family Counseling, Patricia J. Walker Monical
What About The Children? An Exploration Of Family Counselors' Play Therapy Training And Preparedness To Integrate Children Into Family Counseling, Patricia J. Walker Monical
Dissertations
Children are an important part of families, yet family counselor education programs often do not incorporate training for including children in family counseling. At some point in their careers, family counselors and therapists will encounter clients who have children 3–12 years old. The problem is that since these professionals often receive little to no training in play therapy and thus do not typically include young children in family therapy, these younger family members are often overlooked. Research has confirmed that, due to a lack of sufficient training and supervision in play therapy, many family therapists report feeling unprepared to work …
Exploring The Link Between Relationship Status And Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Abigail A. Echols
Exploring The Link Between Relationship Status And Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Abigail A. Echols
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Romantic relationships affect many areas of life and are important sources of interpersonal emotion regulation, yet little research has investigated whether relationship status influences emotion regulation strategy use and emotion dysregulation. Considering that the types of emotion regulation strategies individuals use significantly affect their well-being, understanding the link between relationship status and emotion regulation strategy use is important. This study compared single, partnered, and recently separated individuals’ emotion dysregulation and use of eleven intrapersonal and eleven interpersonal emotion regulation strategies in general (i.e., trait) and in a specific situation (i.e., state) through retrospective self-report scales and an autobiographical writing task. …
Cultural Barriers To Mental Health Support: Exploring Stigma In Childhood Trauma Survivors In Aruba, Ralitsa I.C. Hart
Cultural Barriers To Mental Health Support: Exploring Stigma In Childhood Trauma Survivors In Aruba, Ralitsa I.C. Hart
Honors Undergraduate Theses
This study explored whether negative attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among people in Aruba who reported experiencing childhood trauma were predicted by perceived social stigma and the intensity of the trauma. An online survey measuring childhood trauma, attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, and perceived stigma was administered to 162 participants using a cross-sectional correlational design. To determine the predictive relationship among these variables, a multiple regression analysis was performed. Results showed that perceived stigma significantly predicted more negative attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, while the severity of childhood trauma did not. Among the trauma subscales, emotional abuse …
Venezuela's And Mexico's Oil Industries: Policy Making Sets The Course, Camila Gimenez Valero
Venezuela's And Mexico's Oil Industries: Policy Making Sets The Course, Camila Gimenez Valero
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The puzzle of Venezuela's crisis is one that researchers often try to understand. How did one of the richest nations in the world become one of the poorest? Venezuela is nowadays seen as a country with political unrest, where people struggle to get by and with a corrupt government. However, this was not always the case. Throughout the 20th century Venezuela had remarkable economic stability. Having discovered the world's largest known oil reserves, the nation's economy quickly developed, and the country also became known for its long-standing democracy. After the election of Hugo Chavez in 1998, Venezuela began to decline …
Investigating The Consequences Of Workplace Violence Among Certified Nurse Assistants, Daniela Florez
Investigating The Consequences Of Workplace Violence Among Certified Nurse Assistants, Daniela Florez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Workplace violence is one of the most prevalent issues in healthcare, negatively affecting the physical and emotional well-being of nursing professionals. The present study investigated the role of workplace violence in adverse outcomes for Certified Nursing Assistants. Specifically, the research aimed to examine its association with six key outcomes: (1) turnover intention, (2) burnout, (3) compassion fatigue, (4) secondary traumatic stress, (5) job satisfaction, and (6) work engagement. A cross-sectional approach was used. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale 5, the Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale, the Work Well-being Inventory, the Workplace Violence Scale, the …
Measuring Personality And Animal Treatment Attitudes With The Pet Scale, Zackery J. Hilton
Measuring Personality And Animal Treatment Attitudes With The Pet Scale, Zackery J. Hilton
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Previous research has looked at the association between personality traits and the proclivity, or history, of committing acts that are characterized as animal abuse or animal cruelty. Much research has also found that individuals who exhibit this type of behavior towards animals also tend to exhibit similar behavior towards other individuals, mainly in the form of domestic or child abuse. Previous studies have measured animal abuse using very explicit and extreme criteria, using acts that are without question blatant abuse or torture; however, there is some grey area where many may argue whether certain acts should be considered abuse, which …
Pregaming Behaviors And Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences In College Students, Natalie M. Lima
Pregaming Behaviors And Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences In College Students, Natalie M. Lima
Honors Undergraduate Theses
This study was conducted to examine the association between pregaming behavior (i.e., frequency and quantity) and negative alcohol-related consequences among college students. Specifically, it sought to replicate previous research demonstrating significant associations between pregaming behaviors and negative alcohol-related consequences in GenZ college students. While there are some recent studies on pregaming, many studies on pregaming were conducted approximately a decade ago, and pregaming behaviors may have changed within this timeframe. This project involved secondary analysis of data collected from a multi-site study in which college students completed an online survey that included questions regarding their demographics, pregaming frequency and quantity, …
Holistic Support For College Students Navigating Food Allergies & Food Insecurity At Higher Education Institutions, Chloe Milliron
Holistic Support For College Students Navigating Food Allergies & Food Insecurity At Higher Education Institutions, Chloe Milliron
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Both food allergies and food insecurity are public health concerns that are becoming increasingly prevalent. However, there has been limited discussion on how to support individuals who experience these two challenges concurrently, particularly at higher education institutions. In this study, I examined the intersection of food allergies and food insecurity among students at the University of Central Florida (UCF). There is a focus on the disparities in access to safe foods, financial responsibility, healthcare, and overall well-being. A total of 221 UCF students completed the survey distributed, which assessed food security status using the USDA’s Household Food Security Survey Module, …
Effects Of Imagined Gun Ownership Psychopathology On Fears And Estimates Of Crime, Joseph Brown
Effects Of Imagined Gun Ownership Psychopathology On Fears And Estimates Of Crime, Joseph Brown
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Firearm incidents, a leading cause of death among youth aged 12-17 (CDC, 2023), present a complex issue requiring urgent attention. While prior psychological research has examined the weapons effect and related phenomena, further investigation is needed to understand the breadth of issues related to concerns with firearms usage, and specifically implications for mental health discourse (Berkowitz & Lepage, 1967; Metzl et al., 2021). In a sample (n = 55) of college students, this study investigates the effects of imagined gun ownership and exposure to a firearm and psychopathology on fear of crime and victimization. Participants were recruited in person and …
Pilot Study: Development Of A Food Delay-Discounting Measure For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Conditions, Aaron Daniel Schwieterman
Pilot Study: Development Of A Food Delay-Discounting Measure For Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Conditions, Aaron Daniel Schwieterman
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
Individuals with intellectual (NDD) and neurodevelopmental (NDD) conditions experience disproportionately higher rates of obesity (Hsieh et al., 2014; Ptomey et al., 2020). Yet their diet decision-making process has been left out of the current literature. Delay discounting, which reflects the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as the delay to its receipt increases, has been linked to obesity and unhealthy food intake in typically developing adults. However, most existing tasks rely on hypothetical rewards and verbal reasoning, which limit their use with individuals who have cognitive or communication differences. The present pilot study developed and evaluated a novel …
The Influence Of Honor Culture Ideology On Juror Decision Making, Aubrey K. Paschal
The Influence Of Honor Culture Ideology On Juror Decision Making, Aubrey K. Paschal
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
Culture of honor is a system of cultural beliefs in which one’s honor is seen to be of the utmost importance (Nisbett & Cohen, 1996). Due to the importance of personal honor, defending one's honor could be seen as an adequate defense for crimes committed in the name of personal honor. This study examined the influence that honor culture ideology has on juror decision making. A total of 190 participants read a brief trial summary of either a crime in which the participants’ honor was threatened, or a crime that did not involve a threat to the defendant’s honor. The …
Assessing Equity, Environmental Social Justice And Intersectionality In U.S. Federal Policies: A Comparative And Temporal Analysis Of The Department Of Transportation, Department Of Energy, And Environmental Protection Agency, Sneha Basu
Dissertations and Theses @ UNI
As the climate crisis intensifies, U.S. federal policies play a critical role in addressing the disproportionate environmental burdens borne by marginalized communities. This thesis assesses how equity, environmental social justice, and intersectionality have been integrated into the policy documents of three key federal agencies: Department of Transportation (DOT), Department of Energy (DOE), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), over a 20-year period (2004–2024). Using a quantitative content analysis of 46 policy documents, the study evaluates five core dimensions: depth of discussion, clarity of language, inclusiveness of marginalized groups, action-oriented language, and environmental justice considerations. The research reveals significant interagency disparities, with …
Grandparent Relationship Quality, Social Support, And College Student Mental Well-Being, Camille E. Lehrmann
Grandparent Relationship Quality, Social Support, And College Student Mental Well-Being, Camille E. Lehrmann
Senior Honors Theses and Projects
With living to older ages becoming more common in the United States, Americans may have an increased opportunity to form a relationship with their grandparents. Relationships with others, and the social support they provide are important for mental well-being, and are an important area to consider when understanding individuals’ mental health. Relationships with parents and peers have received a large amount of research attention, and have been found to influence the mental health of college students. Despite the increased opportunity to form meaningful relationships with grandparents, there has been much less research directed at this potential source of social support. …
Abortion On The Ballot: How Direct Democracy Shapes Abortion Policy Post-Dobbs, Serena E. Klebba
Abortion On The Ballot: How Direct Democracy Shapes Abortion Policy Post-Dobbs, Serena E. Klebba
Honors Theses
Since the return of abortion policy to the states following Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022), sixteen states have considered ballot measures addressing core questions of abortion access. Distinct from pre-2022 initiatives, these recent measures present binary choices on issues such as viability-based access, six-week bans, and the existence or repudiation of a right to abortion in state constitutions. Although existing scholarship generally frames initiatives and referendums as mechanisms that enhance congruence between public opinion and policy outcomes, this focus overlooks the broader effects of direct democratic processes on voters. I hypothesize that there is something unique in the …
The International Transracial Adoption Effect: Measuring The Well-Being Of Korean Adoptees Vs. Non-Adopted Korean Americans, Grace H. Jones
The International Transracial Adoption Effect: Measuring The Well-Being Of Korean Adoptees Vs. Non-Adopted Korean Americans, Grace H. Jones
Honors Theses
In this study, I examine the differences in well-being and long-term outcomes between adopted and non-adopted Korean Americans. The vast majority of adopted Korean Americans are placed with white, heterosexual couples, positioning them in a unique position in American society. While they are raised in white families and often disconnected from Korean culture, they are still perceived and treated as Asian by society. Scholars refer to this tension as the transracial adoptee paradox. This study explores how that paradox affects both economic and non-economic outcomes. The analysis finds that adopted Koreans tend to earn higher incomes than their non-adopted peers, …
The Value Of A Vote: Vote Pivotality Information And Its Impact On Voter Willingness To Accept, Nicholas J. Sickinger
The Value Of A Vote: Vote Pivotality Information And Its Impact On Voter Willingness To Accept, Nicholas J. Sickinger
Honors Theses
A variety of factors influence the decision to participate in a democratic election or not. This paper explores one of these factors: an individual’s perceived pivotality. I explore how people assess the value of their vote when they are informed about the likelihood that their vote will be pivotal. To do so, I conduct an online voting experiment where subjects participate in three different stylized elections: a marginal election, a landslide election, and an uninformed election (where the voter distribution is unclear to participants). I elicit participants’ vote valuations and compare them across election conditions and demographic groups using both …
Deconstructing The Greenium: Exploring Mispricing In The Green Bond Market, Koto Yamada
Deconstructing The Greenium: Exploring Mispricing In The Green Bond Market, Koto Yamada
Honors Theses
This paper investigates the sources and conditions under which the greenium – a yield discount observed for green bonds relative to comparable conventional bonds – appears in global fixed income markets. Using a dataset of over 26,000 bonds issued between 2012 and 2024 across 37 countries and 5,400 firms, I find that the existence of the greenium is highly context-dependent, shaped by factors such as issuer reputation, institutional trust, and green capital allocation across sectors. Repeat green issuers receive yield discounts of up to 57 basis points, particularly in the EU and Nordic countries, where strong climate policies and disclosure …
Drivers Of Heat Pump Installation In Maine: Climate Shocks, Politics, And Incentives, Micah J. Margolis
Drivers Of Heat Pump Installation In Maine: Climate Shocks, Politics, And Incentives, Micah J. Margolis
Honors Theses
Heat pumps are a growing trend as climate adaptation measures around the world and are gaining significant popularity and attention due to a number of environmental and social factors across Maine. Homeowners in Maine face difficult financial and personal pressures when considering a heat pump. Impacting this decision is a high cost of energy, a substantial rebate offsetting the purchase price, as well as summers and winters that are warming beyond record highs and lows. Previous research has looked at specific populations or large regions without considering the long-term personal drivers of this decision. I use data from Efficiency Maine, …
Why Community: The Potentials And Limitations Of Community Engagement In Restorative Justice, Emily P. Chauhan
Why Community: The Potentials And Limitations Of Community Engagement In Restorative Justice, Emily P. Chauhan
Honors Theses
This thesis explores the role of community in restorative justice through both the criminologist and practitioner perspectives. Through investigating the limitations of the U.S. penal system, which ranks highest globally in incarceration rates yet fails to ensure public safety, the research investigates restorative justice as a victim-cantered, harm-driven alternative. It emphasizes how restorative justice redefines crime by focusing on healing and accountability rather than punishment of the criminals/harm-doers. This thesis examines how communities are essential to restorative processes and how restorative justice, in turn, helps to build communities. Drawing from case studies, models, and interviews this thesis questions the assumptions …