Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Building Blocks Of Language: Speech Perception In Infants (Eimas Et Al., 1971), Sanjula Mahathantila, Jonathan B. Santo

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Language is a very important component of what makes humans, humans.  Without language, we would not be able to communicate thoughts, feelings, or ideas.  Learning a native language starts at infancy and continues well into our adult lives.  However, the beginning of learning a language at infancy might not be as simple as it seems.  In adulthood, when hearing a foreign language it might be hard to figure out where one word stops and where another begins.  Infants are doing the same thing, except on a much different scale.

Michael Rutter, Benjamin Lowry, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Michael Rutter was born August 15th, 1933 to Winifred and Llewellyn Rutter in Lebanon, where his father was working as a doctor. He returned with his parents to England when he was 3-years-old. In 1940, at the age of 6-years-old, Rutter and his younger sister were evacuated to North America due to fear of German invasion of the British Isles. He and his sister were taken in by different families in the United States and only living together a few months near the end of their four year stay abroad. Rutter denied feeling separated from his parents during his stay …

Battered Woman Syndrome, Emma Lathan, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) is a psychological and sociological construct defined as a set of symptoms that develop as coping skills and/or survival mechanisms for repeated physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse by an intimate partner (Walker, 2017). Symptom criteria include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicators of fear, hypervigilance, avoidance, and intrusive memories of abuse, in addition to disrupted interpersonal relationships, body image distortion and/or physical health complaints, and sexual dysfunction. Although historically BWS was considered a female syndrome, it is now known that both men and women can experience severe victimization by intimate partner violence (IPV; i.e., contact sexual violence, …

Bowlby, John, Corey Lieneman, Morgan Simpson, Cheryl B. Mcneil

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Edward John Mostyn Bowlby (February 27, 1907, London, England – September 2, 1990, Isle of Skye, Scotland) was a child psychologist, psychoanalyst, and psychiatrist renowned for his attachment theory. Bowlby was interested in how the caregiver-child bond impacted the child’s personality and emotional bonds formed later in life.

Kieran Egan, Benjamin Lowry, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Kieran Egan was born in 1942 in Clomel, Ireland. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1966 from the University of London. After graduating he was employed at the Institute for Comparative Studies in Kingston upon Thames as a research fellow. Egan then began a Ph.D. program in philosophy of education from Stanford Graduate School of Education, but after two years he transferred to Cornell University and completed his degree in 1972.  He then worked at Simon Frasier University as a professor of education.

Adolescent Social Development, Randall E. Osborne

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Views about the manner and nature of human development have changed across time (Psyking.net 2016). Some of these views have been religious (e.g., creationism) and some of these views have been more biological (e.g., preformationism).  Regardless of the focus of the view, how we believe human beings develop has a profound effect on our expectations for those beings.  One early view of human development from a biological perspective was Preformationism.  This is explained as, “A notion that was widespread among pioneer biologists in the 18th century was that the fetus, and hence the adult organism that develops from it, is …

The Concrete Operational Period Of Development, Rebecca Olson, Kelsey Eackles, Cassandra Kepple, Cheryl B. Mcneil

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Jean Piaget was one of the first psychologists to systematically investigate the cognitive development of children. He believed that intelligence develops as a result of both biological and environmental reactions rather than being an unchangeable, inherited trait. He believed cognition develops in distinct stages from infancy to adulthood, which became the basis of Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory.

Sibling Relationships In Old Age, Ronald Okolichany, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

The relationship between siblings is unique among family relationships in that sibling relationships have a dimension of equality. In other words, they do not necessarily share the same obligations toward each other as a married partners or parents and child may, especially in Western cultures. Durkheim (1933) described sibling relationships as a “mechanical” bond rather than an “organic” bond, which would better characterize a complimentary relationship, such as that between married partners or a parent and child. This mechanical bond results in ambivalence and rivalry towards one another during childhood and early adulthood, as siblings are often forced to compete …

Speech (Building Blocks), Ronald Okolichany, Lisa K. Lashley, Charles J. Golden

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Nova Southeastern University The building blocks of language begin with the smallest distinguishable unit, the phoneme, and grow in complexity to convey meaning within a specific social context. The study of meaning is known as semantics. According to Kellogg (2003), the goal of semantic theories is to explain how individuals form mental representations of words and thus derive meaning from them. The smallest distinguishable unit of speech is the phoneme. A phoneme is essentially a unique speech sound, or phonological segment, that can alter the meaning of a word. For instance, if you examine the words “pat” and “cat” you …

Sensorimotor Period, Maria Munoz, Heidi Kloos

Essays in Developmental Psychology

The developing mind does not merely follow a linear trajectory—say from knowing little to knowing more. Instead, the mind appears to actively organize information into coherent structures. According to Jean Piaget, these mental organizations – referred to as schemas – go through qualitatively distinct stages, the first of which is the sensorimotor period. Cognition at this stage is characterized by a reliance on reflexes and primary sense, rather than on symbolic or abstract thought. The argument is that children younger than 2 years base their cognition on immediate actions-perception loops, making distinctive mistakes when the task requires an ability to …

Cognitive Dissonance, Afton Nelson, Eric A. Goedereis

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Leon Festinger proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance in 1957, in which he extensively outlined the major derivations of dissonance, consonance, and justification (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959). In short, cognitive dissonance occurs when one’s actions are inconsistent with previous beliefs about one’s self. The inconsistency in these beliefs creates conflict within the self. For example, an individual may think of herself as a good person, yet she breaks a law. In this example, there is inconsistency between one’s current action and prior beliefs about the self.

Memory Strategies, Tina M. Miyake, Erika K. Fulton

Essays in Developmental Psychology

If questioned, we can all probably describe a strategy we employed to try to remember relevant information (e.g., I rehearsed the definitions, I generated examples of the definitions) for some future event (e.g., a test). Essentially, memory strategies help manage encoding and retrieval demands given a particular memory task. In the example of a test, we must figure out how to remember all the material covered on the test. This task requires that our studying allow us to discriminate the information at test. Famous psychologist, Endel Tulving, demonstrated the Encoding Specificity Principle that posits that the more similar the retrieval …

John B. Watson, Afton Nelson, Amanda Kracen

Essays in Developmental Psychology

John B. Watson (1878 – 1958) was an influential American psychologist credited with advancing behaviorism, a psychological approach that considers all behavior to be a result of interactions with the external environment. Watson was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878, where he lived throughout his childhood. Despite his rebellious adolescent years and poor academic performance, he graduated with a master’s degree from Furman University in South Carolina at the age of 21. He earned a Ph.D. in psychology in 1903 from the University of Chicago, where he studied animal behaviors for his doctoral dissertation. In 1908, Watson accepted …

Ethical Research, Stephanie Nguyen, Aya Shigeto

Essays in Developmental Psychology

In the early history of empirical research, the ethical code of conduct was only loosely followed and not well regulated. Now, following a proper code of ethics is expected in research with committees from the institutional to the international level strictly regulating and holding researchers accountable for their work. Research ethics address questions, such as whether a study will produce the greatest good; who is intended to benefit from a study at the expense of others; and how research participants, especially those from vulnerable populations (e.g., pregnant women; minors; people in impoverished circumstances, with disabilities, or from minority groups), should …

Psychological Development During Childhood, Meg Milligan, Kanessa Miller Doss, Sherrionda H. Crawford

Essays in Developmental Psychology

Childhood is a time of tremendous psychological development. Our personalities, cognitive capabilities, and emotions expand and transform us from infants to adolescents. In some ways we exhibit continuous development, while others are more accurately described as stages. The following pages present some of these significant changes that occur during early and middle childhood.

What The Uk Can Learn From India About Trans Rights And Inclusive Feminism, Ammel Sharon

Popular Media

The article reflects on the UK Supreme Court’s recent interpretation of “woman” under the Equality Act 2010, noting its impact on trans inclusion in public spaces. In contrast, Indian feminist and queer movements have embraced more inclusive, self-reflective approaches to gender, resisting fixed legal definitions. Drawing on examples from sports activism, legal scholarship, and grassroots organising, the author calls for collective ethics that expand rather than restrict the possibilities of belonging.

“I Don’T Tend That Part Of My Garden”: The Self-Archiving Practices Of Arts And Humanities Scholars, Lindsey Skaggs, Colby Cilento, Rachel Scott

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

In this session, we will report on interviews conducted with scholars in the arts and humanities that explored participants’ approaches to open access publishing, self-archiving, and dissemination of research and creative work, focusing on their engagement with institutional repositories (IR). While depositing activities ranged considerably among participants, most expressed confusion about copyright and had little motivation for navigating “clunky” IR systems. We will share scholars’ considerations, frustrations, and misconceptions about self-archiving their work in IRs, how it compares to their dissemination practices in disciplinary repositories and academic social networks (ASN), and what librarians can take away from their experiences to …

Understanding Group Engagement In Online Peer Support Groups: Influence Of Structured Elements And Organic Interactions, Ekaterina Uetova, Lucy Hederman, Robert Ross, Marily Oppezzo, Dympna O'Sullivan

Conference papers

Online peer support groups (OPSGs) have been widely used in health and wellbeing interventions, but their effectiveness varies, influenced by the level of group engagement and the quality of interactions. This study explores the impact of structured elements, such as prompts and tasks, incorporated into OPSG design on peer support quality and group engagement. We analyse chat messages from two OPSGs aimed at reducing workplace sitting through exercise breaks. Despite identical study designs and similar participant demographics, the two OPSGs exhibited significant differences in group engagement, underscoring the importance of understanding group composition, organic interactions, and other factors influencing engagement. …

A Case For Change: Flood Risk Management And Green Infrastructure, Heejun Chang, Arun Pallathadka

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

With climate change, changing demographics, and the historical legacy of aging infrastructure, many cities are facing challenges in urban flood risk management. We propose potential opportunities and synergies of collaborative urban flood risk management using green infrastructure to achieve social, ecological, and technological benefits.

The Relationship Between Player Age And Reporting Injuries To Coaches And Medical Personnel, Drew O. Lingen

Research & Creative Achievement Day

It is estimated that there are 1.6 to 3.8 million concussions sustained each year in the USA. While most athletes recover from concussions in just a few days or weeks, prolonged symptoms can affect one's everyday life. This is an essential topic for me because I have first-hand experience with concussions. In 2021-2022, I had four concussions in nine months, with one concussion lasting six months. That concussion ended my college-catching career. I would never want someone to go through what I have gone through in this experience, which is why I have been conducting this study for the past …

Ipar Internship, Steven R. Goodnow

Research & Creative Achievement Day

One focus of this poster presentation will be focused on how I used Power BI to visualize institutional data from here at WSU. Another focus point will be how we used data of other institutions from IPEDS to find similar schools to WSU. This internship is a part of my 120 credits toward graduating.

Harnessing Ai For Small Business Feasibility: A Paddleboard Guiding Venture In Winona, Minnesota, Grace M. Baden, Clay A. Craker, Isabella Howe, Patrick Wright, Andrew A. Regner

Research & Creative Achievement Day

This project explores the integration of artificial intelligence in constructing a feasibility study for a proposed paddleboard guiding business in Winona, Minnesota. Conducted as a six-week applied learning experience within the Commercial Recreation course, students systematically employed AI tools to develop a feasibility analyses, covering business concept development, market research, financial forecasting, and operational planning.

A core focus of this project was AI prompt engineering—students iteratively designed, tested, and refined AI-generated responses to improve the accuracy, clarity, and applicability of feasibility study components. The project also examined AI's efficiency in generating data-driven insights, its limitations in niche market research, and …

Waging War On Peacebuilders: Digital Sexual Violence As A Barrier To Peace, Abigail T. Connors

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Technology’s rapid advancement is quickly cultivating an online world that is becoming increasingly dangerous for women that participate in public life. This paper explores the ways in which sexual violence is used in online spaces to harass and abuse women peacebuilders and inhibit their peacebuilding work. It first dives into exactly how digital sexual violence is conceptualized in modern scholarship and academic works, then examines the different shapes that digital sexual violence takes, how digital sexual violence impacts women peacebuilders personally and professionally, and how digital sexual violence, when used against women peacebuilders, impacts global democratic efforts. It concludes with …

Unearthing Silence: Deaf Archaeology As A Pathway To Social Justice And Accessibility, Abigail H. Steiner

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Deaf archaeology is an emerging field exploring the material culture, spaces, and histories of Deaf communities to understand their social lives and identities. This paper examines Deaf archaeology as a framework for uncovering the historical presence of Deaf individuals and promoting social justice. It begins by defining deafness, contrasting medical and cultural perspectives, then traces the field’s roots in sign language evolution, marginalization, and Deaf education. Through a timeline of findings, the study reveals how Deaf individuals have been recognized or overlooked historically. Engaging with the Southern Tier Deaf community, I explore accessible archaeology and the role of Deaf archaeology …

Revisiting Least Restrictive Environment In Adapted Physical Education: A Framework For Evidence-Based Practice, Samantha K. Charron

Research & Creative Achievement Day

This article addresses the implementation of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) principles in adapted physical education. Despite the legal mandates established by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the field faces significant challenges, including a shortage of qualified professionals, overemphasis on universal inclusion, and the exclusion of student voices from placement decisions. Through analysis of historical context, implementation challenges, and a proposed Student-Centered APE Placement Model (SCAPM), this article provides a framework for making evidence-based placement decisions that prioritize student success. By integrating perspectives from preservice teacher education and current practice, the framework offers practitioners a structured approach to navigating the …

Parlez-Vous Français? You Betcha: Revitalizing A French Cultural Center By Connecting To Its Minnesota Roots, Ashley R. Flygare

Research & Creative Achievement Day

The Alliance Française Minneapolis-St. Paul (AFMSP) is an independent chapter of an international organization aimed at promoting the French language and various francophone cultures. It provides language instruction, cultural programming, social events, and access to a range of resources. However, participation in its events and courses has declined in recent years, putting the organization’s financial stability at risk. This project employs research and analysis to identify strategic and creative solutions to help AFMSP thrive.  A review of applied research was conducted, which included industry reports, performance data, and local cultural trends. Key insights revealed the need for enhanced community engagement, …

The Impacts Of Virtual Tourism On Tourist Destinations, Samantha R. Dischinger, Grace M. Baden, Natalia C. Miller

Research & Creative Achievement Day

New technologies, including virtual reality (VR), offer exciting new opportunities for tourism, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. While these technologies provide tourism experiences for those who are not comfortable with or able to physically travel, they may have adverse effects on tourist destinations by reducing the number of physical visitors. To assess this, the study will include questions to analyze whether VR experiences increase or decrease the incentive to physically travel to a given destination. This question will be answered through a laboratory experiment involving exposure to a virtual tour, either with a VR headset or a …

“I Didn’T Understand What It Was To Be A Mom Until I Became One:” Gender And Cultural Influence On Hmong Mother-Daughter Relationships And Communication, Serenity Xiong

Research & Creative Achievement Day

The relationship between mothers and daughters is a complex bond that differs from person to person and is significantly shaped by cultural influences. The research in this area aims to reveal those cultural norms--the Hmong culture being the primary focus of the study--and values play a crucial role in defining the dynamics between mother-daughter relationships impacting their communication, expectations, and expression. To first understand the different dynamics that may exist between mothers and daughters in the Hmong culture, grasping the history of the importance of familial roles is essential. The Hmong demographic is an existing ethnic group part of various …

Childhood Experiences, Resilience, And Ghanaian Adult Psychological Well-Being, Kadence A. Lewis

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Significant amounts of research exists concerning adverse childhood experiences and trauma (ACEs) and its negative consequences on adult well-being. However, there is minimal research on a concept known as positive/benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs), which are circumstances in childhood that provide safety, security, and predictability in the home. It has been shown that BCEs and ACEs have co-occurred in childhood. It is apparent that BCEs have a positive effect in one's life, can counteract negative effects of ACE exposure, and can promote resiliency. These studies have been done with samples across the western hemisphere, however, this study seeks to examine the …

Bard Project, Anwar Shaikh Phd

Archives of Anwar Shaikh

This collection includes:

• Handwritten notes titled Bard project discussing stability and Keynesian adjustment
• Handwritten notes comparing Keynesian, Kaleckian, and Harrodian cycle and growth theories
• Handwritten notes titled Harrodian problem (wandering around..) (1987, November 10)
• Handwritten notes with financial equations (1988, October 29)
• Handwritten notes titled Notes on Kaldor con discussing Harrodian and Kaldorian models
• Handwritten notes titled Growth/cycle proposal (1988, September 26)
• Handwritten notes titled Kaldor conference: Warranted path (1987, October 28)
• Handwritten notes titled Harrod 87: Point on adjustment speeds and stability
• Handwritten notes titled Harrodian dynamics with capacity utiliz (1983, March 22)
• Handwritten notes with basic saving/investment/output equations …