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2024

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Holocene: An Environmental History By Neil Roberts. Malden, And Blackwell., Constantine N. Raphael Dec 2024

The Holocene: An Environmental History By Neil Roberts. Malden, And Blackwell., Constantine N. Raphael

The Geographical Bulletin

This text, now as a second edition, is without doubt one of the finest efforts to comprehensively examine the earth 's changing surface over the past 15,000 years. The book expands coverage of en - vironmental change in the New World and has an expanded bibliography. Also new empirical information and updatad syntheses are presented. This unique geologic epoch is eventful because here is the meeting place of earth and human history. It is in fact the beginning of ge - ography since the theme of the book is to integrate people, land and time. This being the essence of …

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Public High Schools' Ability To Support Gis: An Ohio Case Study, Daniel Donaldson Dec 2024

Public High Schools' Ability To Support Gis: An Ohio Case Study, Daniel Donaldson

The Geographical Bulletin

A survey instrument was employed to examine: the present and future computer infrastructure of Ohio's public high schools; technology funding; and the GIS awareness and perceptions of selected Ohio high school educators. Results suggest that introducing computer technology into the educational framework is a priority to Ohio's administrators and teachers alike. Furthermore, the number of technology funding sources is increasing, as is the number of dollars spent on computer technology. However, computer use in Ohio's public high schools is not ubiquitous. Nearly 40 percent of all schools surveyed do not have the computer infrastructure necessary for GIS use. While this …

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Marketing A 'Sense Of Place': Representations Of Africa In Ecotour Web Sites, Daniel P. Donaldson, James A. Tyner Dec 2024

Marketing A 'Sense Of Place': Representations Of Africa In Ecotour Web Sites, Daniel P. Donaldson, James A. Tyner

The Geographical Bulletin

Patterns and forms of international tourism have changed significantly over the past three decades. Specifically, ecotourism has emerged as an ostensibly environmentally and culturally sensitive option to more traditional forms of tourist activities. Taking advantage of the proliferation of modern communications technologies, ecotour agencies have utilized the World Wide Web to facilitate the marketing and promotion of their tours. This paper examines the implications of Webbased technology and tourism. Through a qualitative analysis of 30 ecotour Websites, we identify and examine dominant discourses which perpetuate the representation of Africa as a dark, empty, wild continent, still open for Western appropriation. …

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Bachelor And Science Degree In Geographic Information Science At Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi: Program Development And New Opportunities, Gary A. Jeffress, Katherine H. Price, David E. Wilkins Dec 2024

Bachelor And Science Degree In Geographic Information Science At Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi: Program Development And New Opportunities, Gary A. Jeffress, Katherine H. Price, David E. Wilkins

The Geographical Bulletin

In 1995, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi implemented a Bachelor of Science degree program in Geographic Information Science. The program was planned by university faculty, researchers, an active member of the Texas surveying profession, and a senior GIS manager in a large Texas State government agency. The objective of this four-year program is to prepare students for a number of options upon graduation, including continuing education toward advanced degrees, employment in the Geographic Information Systems market, or Professional Land Surveying. The program offers two emphases: (1) Geographic Information Systems, or (2) Geomatics. Students with the GIS emphasis also earn a minor …

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Teaching Geographic Information Systems In Civil Engineering/Surveying Technology Curricula, William A. Sprinsky Dec 2024

Teaching Geographic Information Systems In Civil Engineering/Surveying Technology Curricula, William A. Sprinsky

The Geographical Bulletin

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are becoming the norm in engineering, designing and building activities. In the Civil Engineering Technology program at Pennsylvania College of Technology emphasizing surveying, we think GIS provides an excellent example of the use of some basic tools. We teach the GIS "tool" during the second semester, in CET122, Topographic Drawing and Cartography, using Intergraph because of its flexibility in acceptance of data in a number of differing formats. First, we used a part of a municipal database from Knoxville, TN, that supports a project to widen a downtown street, for which there is a unique solution. …

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Geography And Environmental Management Self-Assessment Collection: A Self-Assessment Package For Gis, Krystyna Brown Dec 2024

Geography And Environmental Management Self-Assessment Collection: A Self-Assessment Package For Gis, Krystyna Brown

The Geographical Bulletin

Geography and Environmental Management Self-Assessment Collection (GEMSAC), endeavours to bring selfassessment and speedier independent learning to large numbers of students This interactive computer-based package was devised to give students taking an introduction Geographical Information System course (GIS) the opportunity to measure their progress and obtain immediate feedback. Geographic Information Systems draw from many disciplines and techniques and so require a great deal of diverse knowledge, even at a basic level. In addition to this particular consideration the challenge was to reach large groups of students having varied educational backgrounds and skills. The success of GEMSAC depends on students getting ready …

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Geographer At Work, Robert Jameson Dec 2024

Geographer At Work, Robert Jameson

The Geographical Bulletin

ROUTE TO THE JOB: " I had just finished an MA in music theory composition in 1980, and had originally intended to get a doctorate in music. Thinking that professional jobs in music and full time teaching positions would be difficult to find, I chose to work on a (second) masters degree in a science related discipline. The reason I chose Physical Geography was because: 1) this is a concentration where I had already received a second undergraduate major; 2) the discipline is a dynamic subject area which included many courses which interested me; and 3) this is an area …

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Projections And Perceptions Editorial Comment: Geographic Seeing Eyes: Mind And Lens, Barbara A. Weightman Dec 2024

Projections And Perceptions Editorial Comment: Geographic Seeing Eyes: Mind And Lens, Barbara A. Weightman

The Geographical Bulletin

What kind of camera do you use? How do you get those "people shots"? These are only two of many questions I am asked regarding slide photography. A geographic photo- one showing patterns, relationships, characteristics, and so on-is much more a product of the geographic mind than ofthe camera lens. The type of camera you possess is a small part of the equation for good "geographic photography." Of course it is nice to have wide angle and zoom lenses: much photographic equipment is loaded with "bells and whistles." You can even purchase a multi-pocketed jacket to hold them all. However, …

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Does Central Bank Transparency Curb Foreign Exchange Vulnerability?, Muhammad Aftab, Kate Phylaktis Dec 2024

Does Central Bank Transparency Curb Foreign Exchange Vulnerability?, Muhammad Aftab, Kate Phylaktis

CBER Conference

This study examines the relationship between central bank transparency (CBT) and foreign exchange market vulnerability, focusing on exchange market pressure (EMP) to provide a comprehensive understanding. Using panel bounds testing approach to cointegration based analysis, the study covers both developed and emerging markets, incorporating the global financial crisis (GFC) and various control variables. External policy uncertainty and FX regimes are also considered to elucidate the nuanced relationship between CBT and EMP. Findings reveal that improved CBT reduces EMP, with financial development moderating this effect, suggesting well-developed financial systems lead to more stable exchange markets. CBT consistently relieves EMP during both …

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Bayesian Estimation Of A Pragmatic Model For Monetary Policy Analysis: The Case Of Pakistan, Shahzad Ahmad, Waliullah . Dec 2024

Bayesian Estimation Of A Pragmatic Model For Monetary Policy Analysis: The Case Of Pakistan, Shahzad Ahmad, Waliullah .

CBER Conference

In this study, Bayesian maximum likelihood estimation of quarterly projections model for Pakistan as presented, as documented in Ahmad & Pasha (2015). Estimation results based on quarterly data from 2001 to 2023 show substantial differences in values of estimated versus calibrated parameters related to aggregate demand, aggregate supply, monetary policy rule and exogenous shock processes. The aim of this study is to compare forecasting performance for key macro variables. It shows that the estimated model provides more precise forecasts in case of headline inflation, real GDP growth, interest rate and exchange rate over 8-quarters forecast horizon. An estimated model for …

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Monetary Policy In Good Times And In Bad: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Haider Ali Dec 2024

Monetary Policy In Good Times And In Bad: Empirical Evidence From Pakistan, Haider Ali

CBER Conference

A significant body of literature explores and establishes the impact of monetary policy on output and prices, at least in the short run. However, the subsequent question is whether this effect is symmetric concerning the various states of the economy (see, Tenreyro and Thwaites, 2016; Bernstein, 2021; Eichenbaum et al., 2022; among others). This study contributes to the literature on state-dependent (non-linear) effects of unanticipated monetary policy shocks according to two important features of the economy. The amount of slack in the economy and the amount of the public-sector footprint in the market. Evaluating state-dependent effects is crucial because assuming …

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From Boom To Bust: The Perils Of Pro-Cyclicality In Fiscal Policy, Muhammad Nadeem Sarwar, Shagufta Shabbar, Zeeshan Hashim Dec 2024

From Boom To Bust: The Perils Of Pro-Cyclicality In Fiscal Policy, Muhammad Nadeem Sarwar, Shagufta Shabbar, Zeeshan Hashim

CBER Conference

This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of fiscal policy, particularly in the context of developing economies, exemplified by Pakistan. While fiscal stimuli are commonly deployed to counter economic crises and foster growth, their implementation often results in increased public debt, inflation, and a host of macroeconomic challenges. Our study examines Pakistan as a case study, analyzes a) if the fiscal policy is procyclical, acyclical or counter cycle, b) how shocks in GDP and fiscal policy are received by key macroeconomic indicators including public debt, CPI, exchange rate, and money market rate etc. and c) what are the political economic …

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A Review On Fiscal And Debt Policies In Pakistan, Karim Khan Dec 2024

A Review On Fiscal And Debt Policies In Pakistan, Karim Khan

CBER Conference

Pakistan has been pursuing an active albeit expansionary fiscal policy since 1970s. In the mid1970s to early-1980s, such policy choice was manifested in externally financed development spending, primarily in the form of investment in public enterprises. Despite excessive deficit financing, Pakistan’s economic performance never took off; rather, it remained on a path of truncated growth which, in turn, created structural hurdles like low productivity, poor investment climate, and higher unemployment. Likewise, deficit financing has been threatening the sustainability of fiscal framework as excessive public spending is not accompanied by corresponding enhances in domestic revenues. Consequently, these policies have caused persistence …

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The Role Of Sufi Shrines In Local Politics: A Case Study Of Mitthan Kot Rajanpur, Pakistan, Sarfraz Ahmad Dec 2024

The Role Of Sufi Shrines In Local Politics: A Case Study Of Mitthan Kot Rajanpur, Pakistan, Sarfraz Ahmad

CBER Conference

This study investigates the role of Sufi shrines in the local community and in local politics. This study follows a qualitative research strategy and employs in-depth interviews to collect data from different stakeholders such as visitors of the Shrine, local politicians and Sajjada Nasheen. Thematic analysis has been used to analyze data. The findings of this study showed that the Koreja family in Mitthan Kot uses the shrine for their benefit as they are only the caretakers of the Shrine. They are not functioning for the shrine's development or for spreading the teachings of Khwaja Ghulam Farid. The results found …

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Authoritarian Legality Of Sifc: An Inquiry Into The Dual State And Economic Decision Making In Pakistan, Hassan Zaheer Dec 2024

Authoritarian Legality Of Sifc: An Inquiry Into The Dual State And Economic Decision Making In Pakistan, Hassan Zaheer

CBER Conference

Pakistan is no stranger to the union of authoritarianism with its economic decision-making. From the grand designs of Ayub Khan’s industrialization to Bhutto’s nationalization to Zia’s privatization, the country has been practically a laboratory of authoritarian experimentation over nature and the processes of the national economy. However, certain ideas have been coherent throughout time and space when it comes to the fusion of authoritarian law, arbitrary power, and economic decisions. These ideas have historically shaped the fusion of authoritarian power with economic decisions in the country. Resultantly, the authoritarian legality approach establishes a Dual-State in Pakistan by undermining normative processes …

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Criminal Justice System Initiation-Criminal Justice System Reusable, Maryam Dars Dec 2024

Criminal Justice System Initiation-Criminal Justice System Reusable, Maryam Dars

CBER Conference

The criminal justice system has been established for 54years since the 1980s. The research states that the constitution edicts that all current laws must dispose with the precepts of Islam as stated in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. Studies show that the process of law enforcement organization initiates the criminal justice system. It fences in a collection of laws and doctrines depiction to safeguard the lives and possessions of citizens, thereby upholding amusing order. Article-37(d) of the constitution further mandates that the state guarantees low-end and induces justice to advance social justice and banish communicable vices. The contrivance for delivering …

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Reform Impacts: The Long-Term Outcomes Of An Equal Opportunity Admissions Reform, Fatima Aqeel, Hadia Majid Dec 2024

Reform Impacts: The Long-Term Outcomes Of An Equal Opportunity Admissions Reform, Fatima Aqeel, Hadia Majid

CBER Conference

The effects of a Pakistani medical school reform that increased the share of female doctors are studied. Data is collected from a survey of over 600 Pakistani doctors to identify the reform’s effects. Female doctors in fields affected by the reform experienced lower pay and spent less time on each out-patient, which is consistent with their becoming more likely to work in public hospitals relative to the control. Male doctors experienced few changes, or changes in the opposite direction over the same time period. The results suggest that the medical labor market became segregated by gender for initial cohorts, with …

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Pros And Cons Of Debt Financing: An Objective Analysis, Anwar Shah Dec 2024

Pros And Cons Of Debt Financing: An Objective Analysis, Anwar Shah

CBER Conference

Debt financing plays an important role in the modern financial system. It is claimed that the interest rate equilibrates demand and supply in the loanable funds markets and helps in the efficient allocation of financial capital. It is also claimed that interest rates simply break up investment risk to suit the requirements of lenders and users of funds. However, the occurrence of the Global Recession in 2008 due to excessive debt financing in real estate (mortgage loans) and the resemblance of interest rate with usury requires investigation of the other side of debt financing. This paper aims to fill this …

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Unlocking The Power Of Data: Enhancing Public Policy Through Advanced Data Infrastructure And Language Model Analysis, Zahid Asghar Dec 2024

Unlocking The Power Of Data: Enhancing Public Policy Through Advanced Data Infrastructure And Language Model Analysis, Zahid Asghar

CBER Conference

Data is the fundamental building block for advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), general AI (GAI), machine learning (ML), and large language models (LLMs). This study emphasizes the critical need for robust data infrastructure, arguing that without it, countries cannot fully benefit from technological advancements in various economic sectors. Governments possess vast repositories of both structured and unstructured data across multiple domains such as the judiciary, parliaments, and civil bureaucracy. However, these potential goldmines remain untapped due to inadequate data management capabilities and a lack of appreciation for the necessity of high-quality data. The research identifies key issues in public data …

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The Energy Efficiency Price Premium Of Residential Buildings In Three Italian Regions, Elena Giarda, Demetrio Panarello Dec 2024

The Energy Efficiency Price Premium Of Residential Buildings In Three Italian Regions, Elena Giarda, Demetrio Panarello

CBER Conference

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether a higher energy efficiency of residential buildings translates into higher house prices in Italy. We employ novel, and almost unexploited, data on Energy Performance Certificates of three Italian regions (EmiliaRomagna, Lombardy and Piedmont) and merge them with house prices and socioeconomic variables at various aggregation levels. The relationship between house prices and energy efficiency is estimated by means of hedonic regression models, quantile regressions and fixed effects panel data models. Our results reveal the existence of an energy-efficiency price premium in the three regions, with significant differences among them. Heterogeneity is …

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The Economic Contribution Of Cherry To The Household Economy In Pakistan. A Case Study From Lower-Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, Rizwan Akhtar Dec 2024

The Economic Contribution Of Cherry To The Household Economy In Pakistan. A Case Study From Lower-Hunza, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, Rizwan Akhtar

CBER Conference

The cherry, one of the most recognized fruit crops, has become a significant source of income for rural farmers in Pakistan. However, limited research has been conducted on the economic impact of cherry farming. Consequently, there is a growing demand for a deeper understanding of cherries' economic contribution to the domestic economy. This study used socio-economic data from 315 cherry-producing households in Lower Hunza, GilgitBaltistan, to examine the role of cherries in community income. Data was collected through direct face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with cherry producers, emphasizing group family discussions and interactions with local cherry traders. The findings indicate …

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Fiscal Decentralization And Education Index; Evidence From Punjab Pakistan, Noor Ahmed Dec 2024

Fiscal Decentralization And Education Index; Evidence From Punjab Pakistan, Noor Ahmed

CBER Conference

Disparities in the distribution of public services have persisted throughout Pakistan's history. Current research on regional development has stressed the need of evaluating human development phenomena using spatial models such as density, locality, and distance. The study investigates how fiscal decentralization influences the education index at the district level in Pakistan's Punjab province. The research is based on the education index, which has five components. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) integrates these variables to provide a final education index. The study's findings revealed that the significant positive effects of fiscal decentralization on the education index at the district level depend …

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Teaching Of Economics, Quratulain Shafique Dec 2024

Teaching Of Economics, Quratulain Shafique

CBER Conference

The research paper aims to analyze the trends in economics education, and its importance in developing knowledgeable citizens, good policymakers, and proficient professionals to meet the challenges of the contemporary economy. The introduction highlights the significance of economics education within society as it is aimed at preparing people for the conditions of globalization, modern technologies, and the transition to knowledge-based economies. It also meets the problem of educators implementing the transition from theoretical to applied economics and in considering differentiated learning needs. This entails assessing certain teaching delivery approaches applied in higher learning institutions and deciding the level of student …

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Virtual Water Trade: Theory And An Empirical Application, Sultan Sat, Harun Uçak Dec 2024

Virtual Water Trade: Theory And An Empirical Application, Sultan Sat, Harun Uçak

CBER Conference

Throughout human history, water has been a determining factor in all human actions. In fact, it is seen that the oldest civilizations were established near rivers. There have been mutual effects between civilizations and water, and lifestyles have changed due to these effects. Today, access to usable water is becoming increasingly difficult. The water problem that arises due to some qualitative and quantitative negativities in a country is spreading to other countries with a butterfly effect under the influence of increasing globalization. This situation removes the water problem from being a local problem and turns it into a global problem. …

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Does Tourists’ Perception Of Social Responsibility Awareness Shape Tourists’ Environmental Behavior: A Case Study In A High Mountain Region, Amjad Ali Dec 2024

Does Tourists’ Perception Of Social Responsibility Awareness Shape Tourists’ Environmental Behavior: A Case Study In A High Mountain Region, Amjad Ali

CBER Conference

Tourism has emerged as a crucial source of livelihood for high mountain communities in Pakistan, leading to a notable increase in tourist influx over the past few years (Ali and Shedayi, 2023). This growth has created numerous income-generating opportunities for local communities, particularly in the hotel and transport sectors, offering substantial employment to the local population. However, tourism has significant adverse environmental impacts on destinations, especially fragile mountain areas (Ali, 2021). Irresponsible tourist behavior exacerbates these adverse effects (Juvan & Dolnicar, 2017; Lee et al., 2013). Therefore, understanding tourist behavior is crucial for effective destination management and policymaking. Developing and …

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Infrastructure And Innovation: Unveiling The Impact Of City Size On Individual Innovation Perceptions From A Global Dataset, Muhammad Faraz Riaz Dec 2024

Infrastructure And Innovation: Unveiling The Impact Of City Size On Individual Innovation Perceptions From A Global Dataset, Muhammad Faraz Riaz

CBER Conference

Cities are hubs of diverse capital resources, fostering knowledge-driven environments conducive to creativity, entrepreneurship, and technological awareness. This study explores the role of socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic factors in shaping the innovation intentions of individuals, analyzing individual perceptions of science and technology’s value using a multi-wave global dataset. The three latest waves of the World Values Survey (2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2017-2020) are used to analyze the relationship between individual intentions to innovate and the town size. The findings suggest that residents in big cities tend to see science and technology as making their lives easier, healthier, and more comfortable, and …

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A Quantitative Examination Of The Role Of Relationship Status In Asexual College Students’ Sexual Victimization, Amanda Mollet, Wayne Black, Leslie Shelton Dec 2024

A Quantitative Examination Of The Role Of Relationship Status In Asexual College Students’ Sexual Victimization, Amanda Mollet, Wayne Black, Leslie Shelton

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

This exploratory quantitative study examines sexual violence among asexual college students using the Asexual Community Survey. We conducted analyses to examine the coercive tactics used by sexual violence perpetrators against asexual college students with a focus on examining statistical differences based on characteristics of students’ relationships. Findings revealed that across multiple forms of relationships, asexual college students’ relationship experiences were significantly correlated with experiencing higher levels of multiple types of sexual violence. The study challenges existing narratives of campus-based sexual violence while highlighting the unique and specific influences of power on sexual victimization within the context of asexual college students’ …

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Supplemental Security Income (Ssi) Receipt And Access To Homeownership For People With Disabilities, Megan Henly Dec 2024

Supplemental Security Income (Ssi) Receipt And Access To Homeownership For People With Disabilities, Megan Henly

Institute on Disability

People with disabilities disproportionately face barriers to homeownership, many of which are associated with costs. One related, but unexplored barrier to homeownership in the United States (U.S.) is the role of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) policy. SSI is a means-tested federal program in the U.S. that provides monthly income to those who are blind or disabled. Recipients may not own assets totaling more than USD 2000 (or 3000 per married couple). While homes are excluded from this assessment, the strict cap on savings generally means that SSI recipients who do not already own a home when they begin to receive …

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The U.S.-China Chip War: Using International Relations Theories To Explain The Reasons Behind Technological Decoupling, Nolan Tavares Dec 2024

The U.S.-China Chip War: Using International Relations Theories To Explain The Reasons Behind Technological Decoupling, Nolan Tavares

Honors Projects in Politics, Law, and Society

Technology has transformed the world with the help of increasing advancements in semiconductor technology. This results in countries seeking a steady supply of semiconductors globally. This thesis investigates why the United States and China have implemented a mix of technological "decoupling" policies to prioritize semiconductors. The theoretical research for this thesis utilizes international relations perspectives and concepts as a framework to examine the root causes behind these policies. By using qualitative text analysis to code sources based on international relations theories, a series of direct evidence is presented to show the causes behind these policies. Furthermore, the concepts and direct …

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Rhetoric Vs. Reality: A Study Of Public Rhetoric And Private Behavior Across Party Lines, Elizabeth Callecod Dec 2024

Rhetoric Vs. Reality: A Study Of Public Rhetoric And Private Behavior Across Party Lines, Elizabeth Callecod

Bakerman Student Research Awards

In the United States, Republicans and Democrats are viewed as being intrinsically distinct in their moral convictions. More specifically, Republicans are generally viewed as the party which more frequently upholds and uses religious and moral rhetoric, particularly regarding sexual activity, while Democrats are generally thought to rely on more pragmatic and inclusive rhetoric. Previous explanations explore why these partisan stereotypes exist but fail to compare how these different rhetorical styles compare to the actual behavior exhibited by both parties’ members. By using measurements of how often individuals from both parties participate in sexual morally contentious activities, such as viewing pornography, …

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