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2024

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Articles 16201 - 16230 of 20686

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Drop-Out Rates Among First-Generation Undergraduate Students In The United States, Rachel Alger Jan 2024

Drop-Out Rates Among First-Generation Undergraduate Students In The United States, Rachel Alger

Ballard Brief

For first-generation college students, receiving an acceptance letter to an institution of higher education is a milestone: a means to secure economic and social opportunities not afforded to their family members. However, for many first-generation students, college acceptance does not equate to a college credential or degree, with only 27.4% graduating within 4 years. These lower attrition rates stem from a lack of familial financial resources and inadequate academic preparation in high school. Additionally, a different set of rules, jargon, and expectations between home life and institutions of higher education create a 'hidden curriculum' for first-generation students, making college completion …

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High Suicide Rates Among Young Adults In The United States, Glory Thomas Jan 2024

High Suicide Rates Among Young Adults In The United States, Glory Thomas

Ballard Brief

The United States has a much higher suicide rate than other developed countries with an average of 14.5 deaths by suicide per 100,000 people per year. By contrast, the majority of countries across Europe, South America, and Asia report substantially lower rates, typically falling below 10 deaths per 100,000 people each year. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young adults in the United States. Suicide is a public health crisis and is caused by multiple factors like untreated mental illness, individual attitudes towards suicide, and socio-economic status. Suicide leads to the negative consequence of suicide copycats, or …

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The Effects Of Medical Misinformation On The American Public, Jessica Ashby Jan 2024

The Effects Of Medical Misinformation On The American Public, Jessica Ashby

Ballard Brief

Medical misinformation has always existed, but it has recently become more frequent due to the development of the internet and social media. Medical misinformation can cover a wide variety of topics, and studies show that some groups are more likely to be affected by medical misinformation than others, like those with less trust in health care, less health literacy, and a more positive attitude toward alternative medicines. Aspects of the internet, like echo chambers and algorithms, have contributed to the rise of medical misinformation, along with belief in anecdotal evidence and alternative remedies that are not backed by science. Some …

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The Overconsumption Of Ultra-Processed Foods In The United States, Emily Grover Jan 2024

The Overconsumption Of Ultra-Processed Foods In The United States, Emily Grover

Ballard Brief

The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in America is at an all-time high, with over 50% of daily calories eaten being sourced from UPFs. The increase of consumption of UPFs is due to the growing population, urbanization, and industrialization. UPFs lead to declines in the physical health and mental health of the US population, as those who consume higher amounts of UPFs are more likely to be depressed, overweight, and have a higher all-cause mortality risk. The production of ultra-processed foods also disrupts the health of the climate due to unsustainable farming and livestock practices. The best practices for alleviating …

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Beekeeping With/Out Borders In Ukraine, Moldova And Romania: Cooperation And Conflict In Defending Carpathian Honeybee Territory., Tanya Richardson Jan 2024

Beekeeping With/Out Borders In Ukraine, Moldova And Romania: Cooperation And Conflict In Defending Carpathian Honeybee Territory., Tanya Richardson

Anthropology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Father-Son Play Interactions And The Influence Of Traditional Masculinity Ideology, Amber Nicole Cope Jan 2024

Father-Son Play Interactions And The Influence Of Traditional Masculinity Ideology, Amber Nicole Cope

Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-

There are limited studies exploring the benefits of father-son play and child development, and none to date have included traditional masculinity ideologies (Vallotton et al., 2020). To better inform clinical interventions for sons and their families, this study explored the relationship between paternal traditional masculinity ideology and father-son joint play interactions, and their impact on child playfulness and adjustment. Grounded in traditional masculinity ideology theory, attachment theory, and social learning theory, the study involved 86 father-son dyads with sons aged 4-8 years from the United States. Fathers completed self-report measures and father-son play interactions were observed and coded. Results showed …

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The Image Of Schizophrenia In Spain's Healthcare System, Meghan Webb Jan 2024

The Image Of Schizophrenia In Spain's Healthcare System, Meghan Webb

CISLA Senior Integrative Projects

Schizophrenia affects thousands of people in Spain and is one of the most serious mental health disorders in existence. Despite its this characteristic, schizophrenia did not always get the proper attention it deserved within the country’s healthcare system. This was largely due to the influence that the Spanish government had, and continues to have, over the healthcare system, giving it the power to choose how the disorder was represented. Therefore, what does that mean for schizophrenia in Spain’s healthcare system today? This essay will explore the ways in which schizophrenia was represented in Spain’s healthcare system through an examination of …

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Psychological Energy: Early Theorists In The Analytical Tradition, Michael Da Jan 2024

Psychological Energy: Early Theorists In The Analytical Tradition, Michael Da

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies Advance Publication Archive

Since the dawn of Western psychology, theorists have used variations of the term “energy” to describe the dynamic forces at work within the psyche and the soma and the psychotherapeutic processes of change. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, terms used for psychological energy included “libido,” “psychic energy,” “orgone energy,” “bioenergetics,” and “psycho-energetics.” This paper uses philosophical hermeneutics to compare the major theorists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: William James, Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud, C. G. Jung, Wilhelm Reich, Alexander Lowen, and Roberto Assagioli. The analysis reveals that these theorists generally agreed that psychological energy …

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The Efficacy Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Compared To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Drug Counseling For Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Morris D. Franco, Ma, Ms Jan 2024

The Efficacy Of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Compared To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Drug Counseling For Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Morris D. Franco, Ma, Ms

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

In 2021, drug overdoses were the leading cause of death in the US for those under age 50, with a toll of 100,306 lives, an increase of 28.5% from 2020 (Center for Disease Control, 2021). This increasing toll makes it imperative to identify effective research-based treatments. Psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDT) is an option for treating substance-use disorder (SUD); however, few studies have examined its effectiveness. This meta-analysis builds on Warshaw’s 2022 meta-analysis of studies on the efficacy of PDT in treating SUDs. We conducted a between-groups analysis of randomized controlled trials, analyzing post-treatment and follow-up differences between PDT and cognitive behavioral …

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Evaluating A Combined Affirmative Consent And Bystander Intervention Training For New Students, Gabrielle Gottschall Jan 2024

Evaluating A Combined Affirmative Consent And Bystander Intervention Training For New Students, Gabrielle Gottschall

Theses and Dissertations

The current study examined the impact of a live, virtual training on the combined topics of affirmative consent and bystander intervention among 1,395 students new to the university in 2022. Student responses on pre-survey and post-training surveys were analyzed to determine if attending the intervention promoted students’ ability to understand, practice and recognize prosocial consent and bystander related attitudes and behaviors. New students registered to attend one 60-minute virtual training facilitated by the Department of Student Health and Wellness. Pre-survey data was collected in the form of a virtual survey prior to the intervention and again 30 days after students …

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Say “Ah,” Not “Ahhh!” - Parent Intervention For The Reduction Of Dental Anxiety In A Child With Autism, Alexandra Luisa Vernice Jan 2024

Say “Ah,” Not “Ahhh!” - Parent Intervention For The Reduction Of Dental Anxiety In A Child With Autism, Alexandra Luisa Vernice

Theses and Dissertations

The overall oral health status of children with autism is significantly poorer as compared to children without autism primarily due to dental anxiety. High levels of anxiety often contribute to behavioral distress. These difficulties, coupled with deficits in communication and coping skills, result in challenging behaviors for children with autism during routine dental cleanings. Currently, there is limited research on effective treatment packages and procedures for managing dental anxiety in children with autism, and no studies have trained parents as intervention agents to treat dental anxiety in this population. In this single-case study, a parent training intervention was delivered to …

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Relationship Between Tiktok Usage, Psychological Well-Being, Executive Functioning, Sleep Quality, And Sleep Hygiene Among University Students, Dana Lee Defilippo Jan 2024

Relationship Between Tiktok Usage, Psychological Well-Being, Executive Functioning, Sleep Quality, And Sleep Hygiene Among University Students, Dana Lee Defilippo

Theses and Dissertations

Social media has been a well-researched topic over the past 15 years, with findings supporting its usefulness as well as its harmfulness. Some of these studies have focused on well-being, both psychological and physical, and how social media may impact these aspects. Social media applications such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter have been comprehensively studied in various areas, with many focusing on their impact on mental health. Although these studies have often found that social media usage negatively impacts mental health, there have been some conflicting findings. TikTok, a much newer application, has been far less researched and has …

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An Evaluation Of ‘Knowing Yes!’, A Virtual Consent Training And Its Effects On Students’ Knowledge And Attitudes Towards Affirmative Consent, Julie L. Koenigsberg Jan 2024

An Evaluation Of ‘Knowing Yes!’, A Virtual Consent Training And Its Effects On Students’ Knowledge And Attitudes Towards Affirmative Consent, Julie L. Koenigsberg

Theses and Dissertations

Much of the sexual assault prevention literature on the university level focuses on individual institutions’ varied efforts to address incidences of sexual assault on their campuses and their outcomes (Donais et al., 2018). While consent education programming has emerged as one such effort, there is a dearth of evaluative literature in this area and the understanding of the role of consent education alone in sexual violence prevention (Beres, 2020). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate one university’s consent-centered educational program and explore its successes and limitations as the field moves towards standardizing sexual violence prevention efforts on college campuses. Results …

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The Impact Of Acculturative Stress On Psychological Wellbeing Among South Asian Adolescents And The Moderating Effect Of Gender, Rafia Zahid Chaudhry Jan 2024

The Impact Of Acculturative Stress On Psychological Wellbeing Among South Asian Adolescents And The Moderating Effect Of Gender, Rafia Zahid Chaudhry

Theses and Dissertations

The South Asian community is one of the fastest-growing immigrant populations in the United States (SAALT, 2019), and yet, there is a paucity of research that examines their experiences with acculturation, particularly in relation to stress. Likewise, acculturative stress or the strain associated with cross-cultural exposure is especially salient during adolescence when ethnic identity formation tends to materialize (Goforth et al., 2014) Researchers have indicated that acculturative stress is associated with negative mental health trajectories (Miller De Rutté & Rubenstein, 2021); nevertheless, virtually few studies have examined the variables associated with acculturative stress, especially among South Asian youth. The aim …

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Does Focused Commitment Consultation (Facc) Increase Teachers’ Self-Efficacy For Working With Children With Emotional And Behavioral Challenges?, Darla Jean Dilorenzo Jan 2024

Does Focused Commitment Consultation (Facc) Increase Teachers’ Self-Efficacy For Working With Children With Emotional And Behavioral Challenges?, Darla Jean Dilorenzo

Theses and Dissertations

The current study investigated if a pilot consultation method, Focused Acceptance Commitment Consultation (FACC), increased self-efficacy for teachers working with children with emotional and behavioral challenges. Four teachers from an alternative school in New Jersey participated in the study. The teachers' ages ranged from 46 to 60 years old, with a gender distribution of three female teachers and one male. Weekly measures included the Classroom Management Observation Tool (CMOT), which was used to observe the teachers' classroom management behaviors; the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), which measured teacher self-efficacy; and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) to measure teacher …

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Examining The Relationship Between Anger At The Self And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) Symptoms, Dina M. Cottone Jan 2024

Examining The Relationship Between Anger At The Self And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) Symptoms, Dina M. Cottone

Theses and Dissertations

The emotion concept of "self-anger" is ill-defined and under-researched. While self-anger bears similarities to traditional anger ("other-anger"), it also retains features of shame and guilt. In addition, self-anger shares ruminative qualities and self-condemning thoughts with depression. As a result, self-anger can become maladaptive at persistent and unhealthy levels. Furthermore, individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at an increased risk for dysfunctional self-anger, considering their proneness to increased anger and depressive tendencies compared to non-ADHD counterparts. However, the relationship between ADHD and self-anger has not yet been explored in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the …

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Teacher Social Emotional Competencies Impact Classroom Management And Well-Being, Anna Lagos Kalargiros Jan 2024

Teacher Social Emotional Competencies Impact Classroom Management And Well-Being, Anna Lagos Kalargiros

Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to investigate, from an empirical standpoint, whether teacher SECs impact classroom management and their well-being. Teachers completed a questionnaire including the Self-Assessing Social and Emotional Instruction and Competencies: A Tool for Teachers (SSEIC) and Professional Quality of Life (PROQOL), as well as were observed once in the classroom measured by the Classroom Management Observation Tool (CMOT). Findings demonstrate that teachers’ SECs are positively correlated with classroom management practices, including teachers’ active supervision, encouraging participation, praise, and student feedback on social and academic behavior. Although all SEC categories individually impact classroom management, self-awareness (SA) was the most predictive …

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School-Based Suicide Prevention And Postvention: School Psychologists’ Knowledge Of Ethics, Laws, And Best Practices, Veronica Lynn Milito Jan 2024

School-Based Suicide Prevention And Postvention: School Psychologists’ Knowledge Of Ethics, Laws, And Best Practices, Veronica Lynn Milito

Theses and Dissertations

Suicide is preventable, however suicide rates among children and adolescents are continuing to rise (Curtin & Heron, 2019). As such it is imperative that school psychologists who have an opportunity to impact the incidence of suicidal behaviors amongst students are properly trained in suicide prevention, postvention, laws, and ethics (Miller, 2014). However, there is little known about the efficacy of certain training approaches in suicide for school psychologists that may overcome barriers to implementation such as cost and time consumption (Dunn et al., 2013; Robinson et al., 2013). The present study sought to create a measure encompassing school psychologists’ objective …

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The Intersection Of Family Environment, Personality Development, And Life Satisfaction, Ché Malik Ashé Jan 2024

The Intersection Of Family Environment, Personality Development, And Life Satisfaction, Ché Malik Ashé

Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the interplay between family environment, parental bonding, personality traits, personality dysfunction, and life satisfaction among college undergraduates. Participants were comprised of college undergraduates (N = 736; 79% female) and we obtained measures of big five personality dimensions, parental bonding, family environment, personality dysfunction, and life satisfaction. Findings indicate that emotional stability is the strongest predictor of life satisfaction, while negative affect is strongly correlated with personality dysfunction. Paternal bonding and family environment were particularly influential in shaping personality traits, which in turn impacted life satisfaction. Additionally, personality dysfunction traits show a stronger correlation to parental care than …

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Evaluation Of Cultural-Linguistic Factors In Speech-Language Testing With English Learners, Mayra Alejandra Reyes Ruiz Jan 2024

Evaluation Of Cultural-Linguistic Factors In Speech-Language Testing With English Learners, Mayra Alejandra Reyes Ruiz

Theses and Dissertations

As the population of schools increases in diversity, school psychologists are challenged to provide equitable assessments for English Language Learners. However, due to lack of training in non-discriminatory assessment, inconsistent administration practices, and lack of knowledge of language development, in some districts, ELLs are overrepresented in Special Education, including Speech Language Impairment. For fair and a valid assessment, it is imperative that practitioners understand the cultural and linguistic development factors that affect ELL test performance. The Culture-Language Test Classifications, and Culture-Language Interpretive Matrix provide practitioners with information on the degree of cultural loading and linguistic demand required on a test, …

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Testing The Efficacy Of Psychoeducational Booklet About The Mental Health Effects Of Discrimination, Margarita Manzano Jan 2024

Testing The Efficacy Of Psychoeducational Booklet About The Mental Health Effects Of Discrimination, Margarita Manzano

Theses and Dissertations

There is a significant relationship between discrimination and mental health (Assari et al., 2017; Brondolo et al., 2009; Paradies et al., 2015). Although there are a high number of individuals who experience discrimination, there are limited data reported on effective ways to lessen the effect that discrimination and racism can have on overall mental health (Brondolo et al., 2009). Although cultural competency is crucial in psychotherapy and helps create an understanding between the mental health provider and client (Sue et al., 1992), previous research has shown that there is still a need for mental health providers to learn more about …

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The Relationship Between Clinician-Perceived Competency And Expert-Rated Competency In Rebt Using Anxiety-Focused Simulated-Based Practice, Morgan Klein Schall Jan 2024

The Relationship Between Clinician-Perceived Competency And Expert-Rated Competency In Rebt Using Anxiety-Focused Simulated-Based Practice, Morgan Klein Schall

Theses and Dissertations

Though competency is of utmost importance to clinical practice (Muse et al., 2022), there have been minimal studies that have explored the relationship between clinician-perceived competency and expert-rated competency with the REBT framework. Competency in the delivery of psychotherapy is expected, but not well-defined (Fairburn & Cooper, 2011). Differences between perceived competency and expert-rated competency (Paunov et al., 2023) create further challenges in defining competency. While clinical competency in psychotherapy provision has been linked to client outcomes, this relationship varies depending on clinical model of psychotherapy as well as clinical problem (Collyer et al., 2020). Most of the competency in …

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Examining Effects Of Noise Pollution On Psychosomatic Symptoms Among Teachers In Vietnam, Ryan Gabriel Mcdonough Jan 2024

Examining Effects Of Noise Pollution On Psychosomatic Symptoms Among Teachers In Vietnam, Ryan Gabriel Mcdonough

Theses and Dissertations

Noise pollution is an environmental stressor with broad costs to society, both through its health impacts and its influence on the social environment. The health effects of noise pollution include changes in regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and overall vascular health, in addition to effects on hearing. However, it is unclear whether these adverse effects result from noise exposure directly or from stress secondary to noise. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of both exposure to noise and noise-related stress on psychosomatic symptoms in a sample of 1961 teachers in Vietnam. We measured noise-related stress with a …

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How Do Mindfulness And Self-Compassion Elicit Unfavorable Outcomes? No Moderating Effect Detected, Jason T. Katz Jan 2024

How Do Mindfulness And Self-Compassion Elicit Unfavorable Outcomes? No Moderating Effect Detected, Jason T. Katz

Theses and Dissertations

This work investigated the interaction of mindfulness and self-compassion when predicting flourishing. Mindfulness and self-compassion have become increasingly popular for their benefits, but there is much to uncover about how these variables elicit favorable and unfavorable outcomes. We hypothesized that having high levels of mindfulness and self-compassion would elicit the strongest relationships with flourishing. We also hypothesized that having high levels of both mindfulness and self-compassion would prevent either variable from having negative relationships with flourishing. Our survey gauged the mindfulness, self-compassion, and flourishing levels of 180 participants from a large, urban, parochial university undergraduate pool. We used hierarchical linear …

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Anger In Response To Racial And Social Injustice: A Pilot Study Identifying Anger Subtypes Within The Asian Population, Ira Miguelle Ocampo Bangawan Jan 2024

Anger In Response To Racial And Social Injustice: A Pilot Study Identifying Anger Subtypes Within The Asian Population, Ira Miguelle Ocampo Bangawan

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the types of anger profiles an Asian population experiences in response to racial and social injustice. Dr. Myisha Cherry theorized five types of racial anger. Four types reflected maladaptive anger (rogue, wipe, resentment, and narcissistic rage), and one reflected adaptive anger (Lordean rage). I hypothesized a five- or six-factor solution to address racial anger based on Cherry's theory. To test this, self-identified Asian participants (n = 69) completed the Anger Racism Scale, which consisted of the Racial Anger Subtypes Questionnaire, Social Engagement Questionnaire, Anger Over Racism Dysfunctional Consequences Questionnaire, STAXI-2 Trait Anger Scale, and Constructive Anger Behavior …

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The Impact Of Person-Situation Congruence On People’S Preference For Interpersonal Interactions, Zachary Ian Harkinish-Murray Jan 2024

The Impact Of Person-Situation Congruence On People’S Preference For Interpersonal Interactions, Zachary Ian Harkinish-Murray

Theses and Dissertations

The present study aims to test the hypothesis that participants will prefer to interact with individuals in situations whose demands are congruent with the participant’s personality traits. The study used both poles of the Big Five personality traits systematically and comprehensively paired with five of the eight situational characteristics from the DIAMONDS model. The study comprised 94 participants with a gender split of 70:20, favoring females. Of the participant population, 59% (59.14%) were between the ages of 18-21. 44% (44.09%) of participants were White and non-Hispanic. Results indicated the predicted congruence effects only for the Extraversion/Sociality pair, whereas Neuroticism/Adversity also …

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Hwa-Byung (화병): The Associations Between The Big Five Personality Traits And Psychopathology In Koreans And Americans, Sun Moon Jan 2024

Hwa-Byung (화병): The Associations Between The Big Five Personality Traits And Psychopathology In Koreans And Americans, Sun Moon

Theses and Dissertations

Hwa-byung is an emotional and behavioral condition as well as cultural concept of distress primarily observed in Korean populations. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) classified hwa-byung as a Korean cultural-bound syndrome in 1994 (Min & Suh, 2010; as cited in APA, 2000). According to the DSM-IV, it often arises among middle-aged or older Korean women, but it can be occur in any gender across the lifespan. This study applied a combined emic-etic methodology to measure hwa-byung and examine the relationship between hwa-byung, Big Five personality traits, and psychological symptoms of distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, …

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Measuring Consumer Satisfaction And Efficacy Of A Psychoeducational Material, Kyara Archie Jan 2024

Measuring Consumer Satisfaction And Efficacy Of A Psychoeducational Material, Kyara Archie

Theses and Dissertations

Discrimination has been shown to have negative effects on mental health (Vargas et al., 2020). Studies have shown that experiencing and perceiving racism can lead to symptoms of depression in Black individuals (Gayman & Barragan, 2013). Though this problem exists, there are limited methods and solutions presented that address the effects of racism on depression (Brondolo et al., 2009). Empirical research has not yielded clear findings on the best strategies for addressing discrimination. This limits the guidance that can be provided to people as they attempt to alleviate the concern associated with discrimination. Further, individuals may experience distress and discomfort …

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Historical Trauma Thoughts, Daily Negative Emotion, And Rumination Among Urban-Dwelling American Indian/Alaska Native Adults, Sheena Yoshioka Jan 2024

Historical Trauma Thoughts, Daily Negative Emotion, And Rumination Among Urban-Dwelling American Indian/Alaska Native Adults, Sheena Yoshioka

Theses and Dissertations

When compared to other marginalized racial/ethnic groups, American Indians/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) individuals have the highest rates of experiencing psychological distress and are at a greater risk of suicide (Brown-Rice, 2013). Historical trauma thoughts, defined as thinking about trauma experienced over generations, may contribute to these high rates of distress (Mohatt et al., 2014). We examined the relations of historical trauma thoughts to measures of distress in a sample of 258 AI/AN adults. Analyses indicate significant positive relations between historical trauma thinking to depression and daily negative emotion in the full sample. But when looking at our smaller sample (rumination-only data) …

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The Effect Of The Gocomm Educational Intervention On Physician Distress Surrounding Goc Conversations Using The Physician Distress Inventory (Pdi), Thomas Anthony Bozzo Jan 2024

The Effect Of The Gocomm Educational Intervention On Physician Distress Surrounding Goc Conversations Using The Physician Distress Inventory (Pdi), Thomas Anthony Bozzo

Theses and Dissertations

End-of-life (EOL) care refers to the medical, emotional, and practical support provided to individuals who are nearing the end of their lives. Goals of care (GOC) discussions involve physician exploration of patient beliefs and values, though they do not need to be primarily focused on end-of-life health-care decisions. Engaging in EOL/GOC conversations has been linked to increased quality of life, decreased healthcare costs, and more frequently receiving care in line with patient preferences. Barriers to these discussions occurring exist at both the clinician-level (e.g., inadequate communications training) and the patient-level (e.g., heightened death anxiety). This study aimed to determine if …

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