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2022

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Articles 18991 - 19020 of 22576

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Government, Citizen, And Social Media : Understanding Police-Citizen Interaction On Weibo In China, Yumeng Luo Jan 2022

Government, Citizen, And Social Media : Understanding Police-Citizen Interaction On Weibo In China, Yumeng Luo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation systematically examined the Beijing Police Department (BPD) daily use of social media and citizens’ comments it received. Previous studies in the field of e-government and political communication in the Chinese context focused only on the measurement of quantitative indicators of government use of social media or a single event. This dissertation incorporates theoretical frameworks of e-government, public relations, and the public sphere to provide a detailed picture of citizen and government interaction in the Chinese context. Using the BPD as my case study, I not only explored government’s daily activities and engagement strategies but also examined the nuances …


Literacy And Covid-19 : Elementary Students' Reading Performance Through A Global Pandemic, Emmett Mcgregor Schweiger Jan 2022

Literacy And Covid-19 : Elementary Students' Reading Performance Through A Global Pandemic, Emmett Mcgregor Schweiger

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The critical area of literacy instruction has long relied on the use of measurement tools and the resulting data to identify at-risk readers and deliver needed supports. When the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption to education, measurement practices were altered and there was limited existing research available to predict the potential impact of the pandemic on literacy development. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the reading performance of students in a Southern Tier New York elementary school before and during the pandemic, utilizing existing data from fall 2019 to spring 2021. Additionally, this study sought to evaluate the …


Educational Materials And Image Induction Increase Treatment Credibility, Zi Ling Fiona Low Jan 2022

Educational Materials And Image Induction Increase Treatment Credibility, Zi Ling Fiona Low

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Patient-perceived treatment credibility is linked to important outcome measures including symptom reduction, therapeutic alliance, patient satisfaction, and attrition rates. However, few studies have tested strategies to enhance treatment credibility. The present study investigates the effect of brief, written educational materials and the use of an image induction prime on perceptions of credibility for cognitive behavioral therapy and psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression. Participants (N = 493) rated the perceived credibility of depression treatments before and after reading brief educational materials. Half of the participants were asked an image induction question priming the construct of open-mindedness. Results indicate that brief educational materials …


Institutionalized Normative Heterosexuality : The Case Of Sexual Fluidity, Nicole Lamarre Jan 2022

Institutionalized Normative Heterosexuality : The Case Of Sexual Fluidity, Nicole Lamarre

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since Alfred Kinsey’s early exploration of sexual behaviors, identities, and desires, there has been a proliferation of studies on what is generally regarded today as sexual fluidity. Inquiry into sexual histories that are neither wholly heterosexual nor homosexual (or even bisexual) has been incredibly well documented by this time. Generally, theories about sexual fluidity have taken one of two positions. The first camp interprets sexual variance as a sign of changing times and crumbling sexual and gender binaries. The second group of theorists postulate that sexual fluidity is neither new nor a particularly positive or liberating social trend. Instead of …


Constructing And Constraining Mobility At The New University, Rachel Sullivan Jan 2022

Constructing And Constraining Mobility At The New University, Rachel Sullivan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this dissertation is to uncover the black box that currently envelops the student experience at New & Mobility-Granting Universities, which are defined by their ability to enroll and graduate students from traditionally underrepresented racial/ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds at a higher-than-average rate. More specifically, I use data from 65 student interviews at State U, which is a mid-sized public university, in order to show how opportunity is granted to some students through their common points of interaction with the institution—in the classroom, with advisors, within high-impact programs, and in the workplace. At the same time, I show that …


A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Fairness Issues In Algorithmic Policing Systems, Emmanuel Sebastian Udoh Jan 2022

A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Fairness Issues In Algorithmic Policing Systems, Emmanuel Sebastian Udoh

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Algorithmic governance (AG) systems aim to utilize machine learning (ML) in the form of mathematical modelling and predictive analytics to achieve greater efficiency and accuracy, effect equal treatment and eliminate bias. In its application to policing, algorithmic policing (AP) or predictive policing applies tree-based risk training algorithms on criminal complaint data to predict where and when the next crime is likely to occur, and who the likeliest perpetrators and victims are. Thus, AP preemptively determines where, how, and when to deploy police resources. However, as more and more cities adopt AP, there are fears that AP may be reinforcing age-long …


Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki Jan 2022

Neural Correlates And Neuroanatomy Of Juvenile And Adult Contextual Fear Memory Retention, Natalie Odynocki

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

AbstractFear is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that allows an organism to discern potential harm and act accordingly by engaging in defensive behaviors. While fear is an adaptive response, dysregulation of fear by means of a traumatic event can lead to psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Animal research using rodents in Pavlovian context fear conditioning experiments allows for the ability to study the underlying neural circuitry of threat-appropriate and aberrant fear learning and memory that may contribute to PTSD. However, despite reports that women are more than two times more likely to develop PTSD compared to men, the …


Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Aquatic Plant Survey Methods For Efficacy In Invasive Species Detection, Izaac Cooper

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Aquatic invasive plants can often be ecologically devastating to ecosystems where they are introduced. This devastation has been widely apparent in the United States, including many locations in New York State over many decades, following anthropogenic transport of species from their native ranges. Due to the difficulty involved in eradicating these plants once they have become fully established, there is keen interest in strategies for early detection to assist with prevention and monitoring to mitigate future management costs. Invasive species detection research aims to find methods for detecting new invaders more effectively. I evaluated three detection methods for their effectiveness …


Mathematics Instructional Level As A Predictor Of Explicit Timing Fluency Intervention Success, Chasen Rain Dillon Jan 2022

Mathematics Instructional Level As A Predictor Of Explicit Timing Fluency Intervention Success, Chasen Rain Dillon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Various evidence-based mathematic interventions have been deemed effective in remediating skill deficits. However, despite recommendation of evidence-based intervention application within Response to Intervention (RTI) frameworks, little research has been done to differentiate intervention effectiveness, specifically Explicit Timing (ET), for students who present with varying skill proficiency prior to intervention implementation. The current study utilized secondary analysis of existing ET data that was supplemented with performance feedback as part of original intervention design (i.e. ET + Feedback). The purpose was to determine whether learning rates varied among students with differential baseline proficiency with the goal of determining proficiency’s relevance to treatment …


Dynamics In Public Finance And Disaster Management : Financial Impacts Of Natural Disasters, Intergovernmental Aid, And Community-Level Social Effects, Sungyoon Lee Jan 2022

Dynamics In Public Finance And Disaster Management : Financial Impacts Of Natural Disasters, Intergovernmental Aid, And Community-Level Social Effects, Sungyoon Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation explores how various types of disasters affect the financial behaviors of local governments, interacting with public managerial decisions, intergovernmental aid, and community-context effects. The first essay examines whether 1) disaster aid distribution is associated with social vulnerability indicators of affected counties given the same level of disaster damage, and 2) ethnic representativeness of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) workforce increases policy benefits in terms of disaster relief funds for counties with a higher level of vulnerability related to minority status. I use hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to test the U.S. counties that have received disaster aid funds …


Latina Faculty In Academia : Support Factors And Socio-Environmental Challenges In Their Path To Achieving Promotion And Tenure, Karen Raquel Ferrer Muniz Jan 2022

Latina Faculty In Academia : Support Factors And Socio-Environmental Challenges In Their Path To Achieving Promotion And Tenure, Karen Raquel Ferrer Muniz

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract


Why Do Employees Churn? Career And Organizational Commitment As Mediators Of The Relation Between Regulatory Foci And Turnover Intentions, Seong Eun Kim Jan 2022

Why Do Employees Churn? Career And Organizational Commitment As Mediators Of The Relation Between Regulatory Foci And Turnover Intentions, Seong Eun Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite the COVID-19 pandemic situation that causes restructure or downsize of organizations, the annual turnover rate is increasing. Why do employees churn? This study integrates regulatory foci (i.e., promotion and prevention focus) theory with theories of work commitment (i.e., organizational and career commitment) and turnover intentions to propose that individual differences in regulator focus differentially relate to organization and career commitment, particularly highlighting career commitment, and that these work commitment variables differentially relate to turnover intentions. To test these propositions, I used a three- wave observational design with a two-week separation targeting high-tech professionals working in the United States. Based …


Savoring As A Protective Behavioral Strategy For Cannabis Use, Maha Noor Mian Jan 2022

Savoring As A Protective Behavioral Strategy For Cannabis Use, Maha Noor Mian

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) aim to mitigate harms related to substance use. Many individuals use cannabis for relief, but little work has focused on strategies to enhance therapeutic benefit safely. The present paper includes two studies that test a novel theoretical model positing enhancement of subjective effects as a protective strategy against cannabis-related harms. Enhancement was operationalized as savoring, a facet of mindfulness, as a potential PBS to mitigate cannabis-related negative consequences and alter subjective effects associated with use. Study I was a cross sectional survey examining relations of savoring, PBS, and cannabis use outcomes as well as the feasibility …


An Exploration Of The Relationship Between Social-Emotional Well-Being And Health Behaviors Of Urban Youth, Nelia Mayreilys Quezada Jan 2022

An Exploration Of The Relationship Between Social-Emotional Well-Being And Health Behaviors Of Urban Youth, Nelia Mayreilys Quezada

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A significant body of research has established that individuals lacking social support, self-esteem, and coping skills have poor physical health outcomes (House et al., 1998; Thoits, 2011; Uchino, 2009). Youth living in urban communities are at greater risk of poor mental and physical health outcomes due to a lack of access to safe places for physical activity, healthy foods, and limited social ties (Babey et al., 2016; Heller Isner et al., 2017; Thoits, 2011). This study examines the relationship between social-emotional well-being and health behaviors among youth (N=100) ages 11 to 19 in a small urban community. Based on prior …


Evaluating The Relationship Between Orthorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, And Related Psychological Constructs In An Undergraduate Mixed-Gender Sample, Kimberly Marie Martinez Jan 2022

Evaluating The Relationship Between Orthorexia Nervosa, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, And Related Psychological Constructs In An Undergraduate Mixed-Gender Sample, Kimberly Marie Martinez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The pursuit of a healthy lifestyle has become a central focus of Western societies over the past few decades. As rates of chronic conditions, such as obesity and type II diabetes, continue to rise, so too has the desire to maintain one’s optimal state of health. For some, the pursuit of a healthy diet becomes an obsession that interferes with one’s physical and psychological wellbeing. Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is a proposed eating disorder characterized by a pathological fixation on healthy eating. Unlike other established eating disorders (EDs), ON is focused on the quality of one’s diet, rather than the quantity …


Opioid Misuse By Patients With Chronic Pain : The Impact Of Illness And Medication Beliefs, Margeaux Cannon Jan 2022

Opioid Misuse By Patients With Chronic Pain : The Impact Of Illness And Medication Beliefs, Margeaux Cannon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Patients with chronic pain are often prescribed opioid medications for pain management, and opioid misuse is a deadly problem in the United States. The Common-Sense Model theorizes that patients are more likely to adhere to treatments when they believe that their behavior will be helpful to their health. The purpose of this study was to test whether patients’ risk of opioid misuse was related to their protective pain beliefs, threat-related pain beliefs, and their beliefs about their opioid medications. The study tested the following hypotheses: threat-related pain beliefs and protective pain beliefs have an indirect effect on risk of opioid …


Women's Work History And Mental Well-Being : Evidence From The Indonesian Family Life Survey, Nurul Widyaningrum Jan 2022

Women's Work History And Mental Well-Being : Evidence From The Indonesian Family Life Survey, Nurul Widyaningrum

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Most research on women and work in developing countries has focused on factors and contexts that shape women’s employment choices and options, gender segregation in the labor market, and the meaning of work for women. Studies on the outcomes or consequences of work are less common and tend to focus on income as the primary outcome of interest. Using a combined capability and feminist framework, this study identified Indonesian women’s work patterns and their relationship to women’s mental health. The capability approach was used to choose work outcomes that are not merely income-based, while the feminist perspective was used to …


Autonomic Nervous System Coordination : Examining The Impact Of Perceived Discrimination And Stressful Life Events, Rachel Renee Mitchell Jan 2022

Autonomic Nervous System Coordination : Examining The Impact Of Perceived Discrimination And Stressful Life Events, Rachel Renee Mitchell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Literature has demonstrated the deleterious effects of discrimination on mental health. For racial and ethnic minorities, discrimination is associated with symptoms of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression. Likewise, women who report gender-based discrimination are at an elevated risk for psychopathology. Scholars have theorized that chronic stress elicited by discrimination throughout one's life contributes to this increase in risk. Indeed, a wealth of research examining the consequences of stressful and potentially traumatic life events (SLEs) on mental health has pointed to physiological dysregulation as a mechanism through which life course stress undermines health. Patterns of physiological dysregulation within the sympathetic (SNS) …


From Dissenting-Voice To Democratic Bureaucracy : Three Essays On Bureaucratic Whistleblowing, Minsung Michael Kang Jan 2022

From Dissenting-Voice To Democratic Bureaucracy : Three Essays On Bureaucratic Whistleblowing, Minsung Michael Kang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Public administration scholars have long believed that bureaucratic whistleblowers help make bureaucracies more democratic, effective, and accountable. With these firm convictions, the U.S. federal government has introduced a series of whistleblower protection systems to balance administrative power and external political accountability of public organizations. Building on this intellectual history of public administration scholarship on whistleblowing, this dissertation aims to: 1) understand bureaucratic whistleblowing at the theory-level, 2) examine the effects of whistleblower protection laws on bureaucrats at the individual-level, and 3) investigate how whistleblowing outcomes can reshape bureaucracies at the organizational-level.


Economic Policy And Equality : Neoliberalism And Gender Equity In Latin America Since The 1970s, Donnett Annmarie Lee Jan 2022

Economic Policy And Equality : Neoliberalism And Gender Equity In Latin America Since The 1970s, Donnett Annmarie Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Neoliberalism has been a persistent concern for policymakers, scholars, and the general public in Latin America due to its negative effects on women. This paper examines the relationship between neoliberal economic policies and gender equality from the 1970s to 2003 in the region. I use a mixed-methods approach to test the two major competing theories from the literature that discuss women’s status under neoliberal reform. I find that neoliberal economic policies did not improve the status of women but reduced gender disparity. Neoliberalism led to the worsening of men’s status, which caused the status of women to seem better. Overall, …


Expertise Effects On Visual Change Detection In The Music Reading Domain : Evidence From Eye Movements, Abigail L. Kleinsmith Jan 2022

Expertise Effects On Visual Change Detection In The Music Reading Domain : Evidence From Eye Movements, Abigail L. Kleinsmith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Theoretical perspectives in the chess expertise literature, such as chunking and template theories, assume that experts acquire the ability to process domain-specific visual features as larger patterns. Eye tracking techniques can test predictions derived from these theories, because the eye movement record provides fine-grained information about where and when experts are looking during a domain-specific task. In this dissertation, I assessed the generalizability of chunking and template theories to the domain of music reading expertise with a novel music-related variant of the flicker paradigm. Across twoexperiments, I monitored the eye movements of 60 expert musicians (with at least 10 years …


Cheating Detection In A Privacy Preserving Driving Style Recognition Protocol, Ethan Sprissler Jan 2022

Cheating Detection In A Privacy Preserving Driving Style Recognition Protocol, Ethan Sprissler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The growth of cloud-based services collecting user data for online analytical processing (OLAP), machine learning, and applications relating to the Internet of Things (IoT) has also increased concern with data privacy. Privacy-preserving data sharing using Secure Multiparty Communication (SMC) enables the exchange of encrypted data between parties to perform calculations while maintaining data privacy for both parties simultaneously. This research builds on established work that proposed a privacy-preserving driving style recognition protocol designed to work well with semi-honest actors. In this protocol, both parties follow the established algorithms and do not overtly attempt to deceive the other party into revealing …


The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Executive Functioning : An Adaptation-Based Perspective, Laura Morgan Welch Jan 2022

The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Executive Functioning : An Adaptation-Based Perspective, Laura Morgan Welch

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The detrimental impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on executive functioning (EF) is well established. However, the common emphasis on impairments dulls the outlook for those who have experienced ACEs and overlooks potential developmental adaptations to stress. For example, more recently, researchers have found that childhood adversity may create stress-adapted skills that are functionally specialized for harsh, unpredictable environments. Thus, rather than solely cognitive impairments, stress-adapted youth may have enhanced EFs under stressful or uncertain conditions, when these skills would provide the greatest advantages. However, this effect has only been tested by inducing uncertain economic environments. More research is needed …


An Evaluation Of Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of Youths Enrolled In Two Residential Treatment Programs, Monelle Shemique Thomas Jan 2022

An Evaluation Of Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of Youths Enrolled In Two Residential Treatment Programs, Monelle Shemique Thomas

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

AbstractModern-day residential treatment programs (RTPs) for children and adolescents have been present for over 70 years. These 24-hour treatment programs serve as a more restrictive placement for youths with severe social-emotional and behavioral difficulties that have exhausted the supports provided in the home, school, and community settings. In New York State, there exist two different types of RTPs for children and adolescents, residential treatment facilities (RTFs) and residential treatment centers (RTCs). There is limited research comparing these residential programs and the impact of differential funding on residents’ treatment program entry and outcomes. The current evaluation attempted to explore the similarities …


A Role Perspective Of Workplace Procrastination, Boran Li Jan 2022

A Role Perspective Of Workplace Procrastination, Boran Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although procrastination has been studied for over twenty years in the field of psychology, knowledge of workplace procrastination, developed from general procrastination, remains limited. Drawing from role theory, the current study aims to examine the positive relationship between role ambiguity and workplace procrastination through stress. It further examines the moderating role of work self-efficacy on the stress-procrastination relationship, such that higher work self-efficacy attenuates the positive relationship between stress and procrastination. Results from experimental data on 119 participants revealed that neither role ambiguity nor stress directly affects workplace procrastination, but individuals who have a higher level of self-efficacy at work …


A Moderated Mediation Model : The Interplay Between Discrimination, Marianismo, Alcohol Use, And Culturative Stress Among Latina College Students, Yajaira A. Cabrera Tineo Jan 2022

A Moderated Mediation Model : The Interplay Between Discrimination, Marianismo, Alcohol Use, And Culturative Stress Among Latina College Students, Yajaira A. Cabrera Tineo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although alcohol use is on the rise among young Latina college students, little is known about drinking behaviors among this population. The present study sought to expand the current literature by examining (a) the mediating role of alcohol use in the relationship between perceived discrimination and acculturative stress, in addition to (b) competing models of conditional moderated mediation between perceived discrimination, alcohol use, marianismo beliefs, and acculturative stress, while accounting for nativity. Path analyses were conducted with data from 1243 Latina students between the ages of 18 and 25 from college campuses across the U.S. Mediation analyses indicated that alcohol …


Effects Of Early Bilingualism On Theory Of Mind Development Among Children In Economic Adversity, Rong Huang Jan 2022

Effects Of Early Bilingualism On Theory Of Mind Development Among Children In Economic Adversity, Rong Huang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study investigated the associations between bilingualism and Theory of Mind (ToM) development among children from low-income backgrounds. ToM is the capacities of understanding others’ mental states, such as beliefs, knowledge, or emotions, which develops rapidly during early childhood. Previous studies showed that bilingual experience may be associated with an enhanced ToM, while it is less known whether the similar effect can be generalized to the low-income populations. In addition, it remained unclear what role of Executive Function (EF) plays in the relationship between bilingualism and Theory of Mind in economically disadvantaged environments. The current study aims to address …


“It's (Not) Like The Flu”: Expert Narratives And The Covid-19 Pandemic In Mainland China, Hong Kong, And The United States, Larry Au, Zheng Fu, Chuncheng Liu Jan 2022

“It's (Not) Like The Flu”: Expert Narratives And The Covid-19 Pandemic In Mainland China, Hong Kong, And The United States, Larry Au, Zheng Fu, Chuncheng Liu

Publications and Research

We trace the crafting of expert narratives during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and the United States. By expert narratives, we refer to how experts drew different lessons from past disease experiences to guide policymakers and the public amidst uncertainty. These expert narratives were mobilized in different sociopolitical contexts, resulting in varying configurations of expertise networks and allies that helped contain and mitigate COVID-19. In Mainland China, experts carefully advanced a managed narrative, emphasizing the new pandemic akin to the 2003 SARS outbreak can be managed while destressing the similar mistakes the government …


Investigating Implicit Cognitive Bias Toward Guilt And Shame Among Individuals With Histories Of Childhood Emotional Abuse, Sarah B. Hill Jan 2022

Investigating Implicit Cognitive Bias Toward Guilt And Shame Among Individuals With Histories Of Childhood Emotional Abuse, Sarah B. Hill

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Exposure to negative events in childhood has been well-established as a risk factor for negative health outcomes in adulthood. Childhood emotional abuse, while frequently co-occurring with other types of abuse, is often neglected in the trauma literature, but has been found to be an important independent predictor of adult psychopathology. Shame and guilt are negative emotions often experienced by those suffering with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may have implications for the development and maintenance of these psychological disorders. Further, generalized guilt and shame were found to be significantly higher in individuals with PTSD and depression and associated …


The Pet’S ‘Perfect Bowl’: Environmental And Welfare Discourse In Alternative Pet Food Movements, Carly Baker Jan 2022

The Pet’S ‘Perfect Bowl’: Environmental And Welfare Discourse In Alternative Pet Food Movements, Carly Baker

Theses and Dissertations--Geography

Marketing ‘sustainable and humane’ super-premium dog kibble has emerged alongside alternative food movements (AFM). Unfortunately, super-premium pet-food comprised of ‘high-quality’ protein is at odds with sustainability and affect for particular animals. This study analyzed social and geographical (mis)representations of nonhumans in the pet-food commodity chain by tracing how knowledge and value is produced, and mapping the geography of Open Farm dog food. I assess these geographies and discourses and I identify the following: (1) sustainability claims focus on transportation and packaging, ignoring the significant environmental and social impacts of animal agriculture. (2) Images of farmed animals on packaging often do …