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2021

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Articles 22081 - 22110 of 24088

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Nonprofit Board Members' Perceptions Of The Initial Orientation And Ongoing Board Member Training, Janice M. Trapp Jan 2021

Nonprofit Board Members' Perceptions Of The Initial Orientation And Ongoing Board Member Training, Janice M. Trapp

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many nonprofit organizations have implemented board development practices that include an initial orientation and ongoing training to improve board performance. However, recent studies have shown that board members struggle with understanding their roles, responsibilities, and board governance. This lack of understanding limits their ability to perform their roles effectively, which may impact the members’ performance and the organizations’ performance. This generic qualitative study explored board members’ perceptions of whether the initial orientation and ongoing training they received in preparation for board service adequately prepared them for board governance. Inglis et al.’s three factor-framework of strategic activities, operations, and resource planning …

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Legislative Factors That Influence The Creation Of Sex Offender Laws In Pennsylvania, Julie E. Wagner Jan 2021

Legislative Factors That Influence The Creation Of Sex Offender Laws In Pennsylvania, Julie E. Wagner

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractNonviolent sexual offenders are known to have lesser risk of reoffense than their violent sexual offender counterparts; however, both categories of sexual offenders are contained within the same registry in Pennsylvania, without indication of the differences in the nature of their crimes. It was not known why Pennsylvania’s laws require all sex offenders to be listed in one homogenous group. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify the factors legislators use to determine how a sex offense crime is categorized in legislative decisions in Pennsylvania. Social construction theory served as the theoretical foundation for the study. Data …

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention For Prevention Of Anxiety And Mood Disorders In Public Safety Personnel, Jacquelyne Yan Wong Jan 2021

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention For Prevention Of Anxiety And Mood Disorders In Public Safety Personnel, Jacquelyne Yan Wong

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Due to repeated exposure to highly stressful work environments, public safety personnel (PSP) are at risk for developing symptoms of anxiety and mood disorders. The present study employed a quantitative, randomized-controlled trial (RCT) design to examine the impact of a novel cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) psychoeducational intervention on symptom levels of anxiety and depression. Participants were recruited from police, firefighters, paramedics, and emergency communications personnel. A total of 60 participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention arm or the waitlist comparison arm. General linear mixed models were used to examine the difference in symptom outcomes for those who participated in …

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Relationship Between Wellness, Resilience, And Vicarious Trauma Among Clinical Mental Health Counselors Serving Interpersonal Violence Survivors, Elizabeth O'Neill Hunter Jan 2021

Relationship Between Wellness, Resilience, And Vicarious Trauma Among Clinical Mental Health Counselors Serving Interpersonal Violence Survivors, Elizabeth O'Neill Hunter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Interpersonal violence (IPV) can result in the traumatization of primary survivors, as well as the mental health professionals who support them, which is referred to as vicarious trauma (VT). VT is an occupational hazard that if unaddressed can lead to significant personal and professional disruption. Clinical mental health counselors (CMHCs) who provide counseling services to IPV survivors are at increased risk of integrating the traumatic session content into their worldview. VT can lead to psychological distress including symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and can threaten the quality and ethical nature of the counseling relationship. The purpose of this quantitative survey …

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Relationship Between Religious Beliefs And Systems, Educational Levels, And Victim Blaming, Frances Runyon Jan 2021

Relationship Between Religious Beliefs And Systems, Educational Levels, And Victim Blaming, Frances Runyon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual assault and victim blaming are a severe problem. Being sexually assaulted increases the risk of physical and mental health issues for the victims. When the victims are blamed for being sexually assaulted, their physical and mental health issues increase substantially. Many victims do not seek help or support services because of the fear of being blamed. People believe in a just world, and blame the victims because it is more difficult to accept that bad things happen to good people. When people admit that bad things can happen to good people, they acknowledge that these things can happen to …

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Hiv/Aids And Substance Use Among Older Adults, Jamerlia E. Wyatt Jan 2021

Hiv/Aids And Substance Use Among Older Adults, Jamerlia E. Wyatt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

HIV/AIDS and substance abuse among older adults is a significant national and worldwide problem. As older HIV-positive adults continue to age, they will have problems with managing their HIV/AIDS, comorbidity disorders, and quality of life, which can lead to substance abuse. The purpose of this descriptive, phenomenological study was to explore the socio-risk behaviors, specific treatment preferences, and daily lived experiences of adults aged 50 years and older living with HIV/AIDS and substance use in a large northeastern urban city. The conceptual framework used to ground this qualitative study was Engel's biopsychosocial model. The purposeful sampling method was used to …

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Understanding Bias Of Forensic Psychologists Who Conduct Competency Evaluations With Minority Defendants, Melissa Arnold Jan 2021

Understanding Bias Of Forensic Psychologists Who Conduct Competency Evaluations With Minority Defendants, Melissa Arnold

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Competency to stand trial (CST) evaluations may be the most common criminal forensic psychology evaluation. Due to the increased diversity of defendants within the legal system, forensic psychologists can be faced with major challenges regarding evaluation practices within various cultural groups. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research was to investigate how forensic psychologists’ lived experiences help them to understand racial/ethnic bias when conducting CST evaluations on minority defendants. Implicit bias theory founded on the concept that all people have unconscious biases that affect decision-making and actions. The research question explored the lived experiences of forensic psychologists and the impact …

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Sociodemographic And Psychosocial Factors And Wellbeing Among Adults 65 And Older In England, Dainelle Clark Jan 2021

Sociodemographic And Psychosocial Factors And Wellbeing Among Adults 65 And Older In England, Dainelle Clark

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The increased number of older adults living longer parallels with the growth of public health concerns regarding the impact of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors (e.g., loneliness and social isolation) on older adults' wellbeing. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between loneliness, social isolation, the combined model of loneliness, and social isolation on wellbeing among older adults when accounting for age, gender, ethnicity, and social support. The socioecological model (SEM) was used to evaluate the multiple levels of environmental determinants for loneliness, social isolation, and wellbeing. The target population included older adults 65 years and older …

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The Moderating Effect Of Self-Esteem On Servant Leadership And Job Outcomes In The Hospitality Industry, Marylouise Fitzgibbon Jan 2021

The Moderating Effect Of Self-Esteem On Servant Leadership And Job Outcomes In The Hospitality Industry, Marylouise Fitzgibbon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The hospitality industry has the highest level of turnover of any sector in the United States. Turnover intentions are impacted by an employee’s level of job satisfaction and their self-esteem. Research consistently shows that servant leadership is a highly effective leadership style in the hospitality industry, as it focuses on serving others and placing their needs first. However, it is unknown how the relationship between servant leadership, job satisfaction, and turnover intention is moderated by employee self-esteem in the hospitality industry. This quantitative study was aimed at answering that research question. Servant leadership theory and social exchange theory served as …

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Stressors Of Single Fatherhood In California, Dr. Kenneth Jones, Jr. Jan 2021

Stressors Of Single Fatherhood In California, Dr. Kenneth Jones, Jr.

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This grounded theory study aimed to address the lack of awareness and resources available for single custodial fathers to address stressors in caring for their children. The findings of this qualitative study were derived from electronic correspondence and semi-structured individual interviews with 16 single primary custodial fathers residing in the state of California. The data were analyzed inductively following Percy et al.’s step-by-step process, which generated the following overarching themes: (a) societal stressors, (b) the aftermath of separation from child’s mother, (c) the reason for separation from child’s mother, (d) hands-on work in raising a child and accomplishing chores, (e) …

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Perceptions Of Caregivers Of Parkinson's Patients Regarding Using Advance Directives, Meghan Morgan Jan 2021

Perceptions Of Caregivers Of Parkinson's Patients Regarding Using Advance Directives, Meghan Morgan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The increasing focus on end-of-life (EOL) care is influencing the role of advance directive (AD) documents. Difficult conversations among family caregivers and their loved ones are becoming more and more critical. Considering the value of communicating EOL wishes, family caregivers’ perceptions about ADs for their loved ones with Parkinson’s disease (PD) must be examined. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a foundation, the purpose of this generic qualitative study was to understand family caregivers of PD patients and their perceptions and experiences relating to AD documents. This study involved using purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews with 11 family …

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Impact Of Emotional Disturbance On Crime Among Latinos In Texas, Patricia Kendra Sellers Jan 2021

Impact Of Emotional Disturbance On Crime Among Latinos In Texas, Patricia Kendra Sellers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Latinos are a minority population who are largely stereotyped as violent and vulnerable to committing crimes in America. While Latinos’ vulnerability to committing crimes is attributed to multiple factors, little attention has been drawn towards the relationship between Latinos’ emotional disturbance and probability toward perpetrating or preventing crime. The rational choice theory, trait theory, and biological theory were used to show relationships between emotional disturbance and cognitive processes underlying recidivism that are common among Latinos in Texas. This study investigated the impact of emotional disturbance on decision-making processes among Latinos in Texas as a motivator or deterrent to engage in …

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Exploring How Organizations Ensure The Hiring Process Is Conducted Appropriately To Avoid Legal Issues, Natashia Stafford - Cotton Jan 2021

Exploring How Organizations Ensure The Hiring Process Is Conducted Appropriately To Avoid Legal Issues, Natashia Stafford - Cotton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The overall research problem of interest in this study was the need for human resource (HR) leaders and hiring managers (HMs) to conform to a wide array of complex state and federal legal requirements concerning hiring practices. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was two-fold: (a) to understand how HR leaders can ensure that ethically and legally acceptable hiring practices are used in their organizations and (b) to identify the perceptions of the employee selection procedures and legal defensibility of HR personnel and HMs in Northern California in order to develop timely and informed answers to the study’s research …

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Strategic Planning In Small Nonprofit Behavioral Health Organizations, Amanda Machamer Becker Jan 2021

Strategic Planning In Small Nonprofit Behavioral Health Organizations, Amanda Machamer Becker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Rural communities in the United States depend on small community-based nonprofits to provide access to food, nutrition, transportation, and other social determinants of health. Despite this essential role, some leaders of small nonprofits forgo participating in strategic planning because they believe that the process can be time consuming and expensive. Strategic planning may help organizations of any size to be organized, mission focused, outcome based, and successful. The strategic planning process helps to identify which outcomes demonstrate effectiveness and increase program sustainability. The purpose of this study was to explore the ways that strategic planning may assist small rural community-based …

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The Effect Of Acupuncture On The Stress Levels Of Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Ghana, Derrick Tettey Dicker Jan 2021

The Effect Of Acupuncture On The Stress Levels Of Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Ghana, Derrick Tettey Dicker

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Around the world, the use of acupuncture is increasingly becoming a common alternative treatment for the symptoms often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the treatment of acupuncture appears to be lacking in Ghana because mental health professionals, patients, and the government representatives are largely unaware of its potential efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acupuncture treatment on patients with PTSD in Ghana. The study was conducted through the lens of psycho-physiological trauma. A research question was formulated to investigate the association between the independent variable, acupuncture treatment, and the dependent variable, the …

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Exploring Motivation To Adhere Among Crossfit Exercise Participants, Lauren Elizabeth Falgout Jan 2021

Exploring Motivation To Adhere Among Crossfit Exercise Participants, Lauren Elizabeth Falgout

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Lack of exercise and obesity are prominent social problems in the U.S. population. Therefore, understanding the experiences that promote or hinder motivation and exercise adherence is important. A total of 15 adult participants who engaged in CrossFit for a minimum of 6 months were recruited for this generic qualitative study using purposeful sampling methods. They responded to an invitation on a social media page for CrossFit participants. They shared their exercise adherence experiences and motivation through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Trustworthiness procedures included reflexive journaling, and member checking. Data analysis proceeded from transcript reading to working with broad themes and phrases …

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Race, Class, And Socioeconomic And Sentencing Laws In Opioid Cases, Phaedra Denise Jackson Jan 2021

Race, Class, And Socioeconomic And Sentencing Laws In Opioid Cases, Phaedra Denise Jackson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to explore social constructs and bureaucratic decisions to assess their effects on sentencing laws based on race, class, and socioeconomic status (SES). The research question guiding the study whether there was a relationship between race, class, SES, and arrests among opioid users. A cross-sectional correlational design using secondary data from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2010-2018 surveys of 265,442 participants and FBI Uniform Crime Reports were assessed to understand the bureaucracy of the opioid epidemic. Lipsky’s street-level bureaucracy theory was used to examine the historical, political, and racial structures within the judicial …

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An Interrupted Times Series Of The Personnel Security Section's Method To Address The Periodic Reinvestigation Case Backlog, Lathaniel F. Mills Jan 2021

An Interrupted Times Series Of The Personnel Security Section's Method To Address The Periodic Reinvestigation Case Backlog, Lathaniel F. Mills

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem of periodic reinvestigation case backlogs faced by the personnel security section of the Transportation Security Administration was explored in this study. Specifically, a quantitative, quasi-experimental, interrupted time series methodology was employed to examine the effectiveness of the periodic reinvestigation team creation by the personnel security section to mitigate the case backlog. The administrative study was needed because the case backlog prevents the organization from following government guidance on periodic reinvestigation case processing. Organizational change theory was the conceptual framework that guided this study. Data gathered from the Integrated Security Management System helped answer the central research question regarding …

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Phenomenological Study Of Parental Perceptions Regarding Components Of Early Home Reading, Shakiba Amini Mobaraki Jan 2021

Phenomenological Study Of Parental Perceptions Regarding Components Of Early Home Reading, Shakiba Amini Mobaraki

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractMany children struggle with developing their reading skills at the point of starting formal elementary school. Parents contribute to their children’s literacy development through early home reading engagement aimed at improving their children’s reading skills. Parental styles of literacy interactions are associated with their beliefs and perceptions regarding literacy development of children. Therefore, there was a need to understand parental perceptions regarding (a) the importance of child’s readiness for reading interactions, (b) the quality of parent-child reading activities, and (c) the importance of parental preferences regarding specific reading materials. The research questions focused on parents’ lived experiences regarding the values …

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Parents' Perceptions Of And Reactions To Their Child's Intergroup Marriage, Theresa Aikens Jan 2021

Parents' Perceptions Of And Reactions To Their Child's Intergroup Marriage, Theresa Aikens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Researchers have found that parental support and acceptance are integral to the success of interracial romantic relationships (IRRs) and well-being of interracial romantic relationship participants (IRRPs). Research on couples involved in IRRs is prevalent, but researchers neglected to include the perspectives of the parents of the IRRPs. The lived experiences of parents of adult children involved in Black-White IRRs and their perceptions of societal reactions to the IRR were explored to better understand the mechanisms behind parental support or disapproval of IRRs. Bronfenbrenner's PPCT model of bioecological theory allowed for a focus on a parent's development within the parent-child relationship …

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Predictive Applications Of Debarment List In Public Procurement, Nester Oluwafemi Komolafe Jan 2021

Predictive Applications Of Debarment List In Public Procurement, Nester Oluwafemi Komolafe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Predictive applications of a debarment list involve gathering historical data in the list to capture the relationships between the relevant variables in the data to predict the most likely future outcomes. Exploring whether the data in the debarment list could produce predictive analytics, which agencies may use to deter contractors from committing fraud, is unknown. This study closed the literature gap through a quantitative nonexperimental analysis of secondary data, inspired by real-life administrative decisions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the City of Chicago's debarment list to determine the statistical probability of business entities that may be debarred …

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Grandparents In Parental Roles With Grandchildren And Social Work Practice, Anetrice Nicole Rogers Jan 2021

Grandparents In Parental Roles With Grandchildren And Social Work Practice, Anetrice Nicole Rogers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractOver the last 30 years, there has been an increase of grandparents who are raising grandchildren. Grandparents often need social services such as case management, legal services, counseling, adoption, and custody services. Although grandparents feel it is rewarding to raise their grandchildren, there are also challenges. Participatory action research was used as the method of study. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory was used to guide the participatory action research. Participants included social workers and social service workers from various social service agencies in Atlanta, Georgia. This study aimed to understand grandparents' needs and how prepared social workers and social service workers are …

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Influence Of Personality Traits On Trooper Retention In The Southeast United States, Amethyste Marie Sanchez Jan 2021

Influence Of Personality Traits On Trooper Retention In The Southeast United States, Amethyste Marie Sanchez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Evidence suggests an issue with trooper retention at state law enforcement agencies in the Southeast United States. A current literature gap exists in understanding how personality affects long-term employment at law enforcement agencies in the Southeast United States. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether there are personality traits that influence the retention of a trooper in the Southeast United States for 5 or more years. The personality traits tested were taken from the 16 Personality Factor 6th Edition Security Selection Report and included emotional adjustment, integrity/control, intellectual efficiency, and interpersonal relations. The theoretical basis for this …

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Perceptions Of Effectiveness Of Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing Treatment Intervention From Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Laurinda Cumming Jan 2021

Perceptions Of Effectiveness Of Eye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing Treatment Intervention From Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Laurinda Cumming

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a national health care problem. This violence affects 10 million people on average in the United States every year. This research focused on the treatment resistance for PTSD, a severe and disabling condition. This qualitative descriptive study provided a purposeful sampling of female survivors’ lived experiences and perceived effectiveness of EMDR in treating PTSD symptoms as a result of IPV. Study participants were 7 females, 18 years or older, residing in the Southwestern United States. The theoretical framework of the self-efficacy model was used to look at how posttraumatic symptoms can be so severe from …

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Cultural Appropriateness Of The Modified Checklist For Autism For Screening Autism In Ghana, Eric Amoako Darquah Jan 2021

Cultural Appropriateness Of The Modified Checklist For Autism For Screening Autism In Ghana, Eric Amoako Darquah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in toddlers. The prevalence of this disorder continues to increase, necessitating an early screening tool to support early diagnosis and intervention. Although the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised (M-CHAT-R) has been cross-culturally effective for screening ASD, little research has been done on early screening for ASD characteristics in Ghana. In the current study, the M-CHAT-R was completed by parents (N = 90) of ASD and non-ASD children between the ages of 16 to 60 months at selected special schools and hospitals in Ghana to determine its sensitivity and specificity to …

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Reentry Challenges Of Formerly Incarcerated African American Adult Men In Louisiana, Marquita Higgins Jan 2021

Reentry Challenges Of Formerly Incarcerated African American Adult Men In Louisiana, Marquita Higgins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although African Americans make up most of the habitual offender population in Louisiana state prisons, there is a dearth of information about the reentry challenges of formerly incarcerated African American men in Louisiana and how they perceive those challenges to impact their reentry into the community after imprisonment. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological research study was to better understand how formerly incarcerated African American men in Louisiana perceive their challenges when they transition back into their communities and how they make sense of those challenges in relation to recidivism. The theoretical framework for the study was critical race theory. …

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University Students’ Low Participation Of The Emergency Text Alert Systems, Charyl Marie Ramsey Jan 2021

University Students’ Low Participation Of The Emergency Text Alert Systems, Charyl Marie Ramsey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Text alert systems can help save lives by alerting individuals to dangers in the area, allowing them to react appropriately to the threat. For example, text alerts can give an individual the time to either run, hide, or fight during an active shooter incident. Conversely, when an individual does not receive an alert, they cannot respond to a threat and may be vulnerable to potential risk. Because no research had been completed on why individuals choose not to enroll in text alert programs, this qualitative study explored why students did not enroll in the text alert programs at their higher …

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Operational Analysis Of Child Protection Investigations During Disasters, Derek Smith Jan 2021

Operational Analysis Of Child Protection Investigations During Disasters, Derek Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Two decades of research documents the lack of conclusive relationships between childprotective investigations and natural disasters. While trends regarding child abuse report generation and natural disaster have been previously explored, those results do not provide generalized conclusions. This study explores the relationship between the Hurricane Irma natural disaster and child abuse report generation of a child protection organization in the state of Florida, while introducing child maltreatment types and child protective investigator response times as contributing factors. Utilizing the emergency management conceptual framework, the purpose of this study is to provide an updated analysis of the child abuse report generation …

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Fairness, Emotional Intelligence, And Ethical Decision-Making In Customer Evaluations Of Providers, Tameka Austin Jan 2021

Fairness, Emotional Intelligence, And Ethical Decision-Making In Customer Evaluations Of Providers, Tameka Austin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Customer satisfaction is a topic that organizations must focus on for the success and continued sustainability of their organizations. Emotional intelligence, fairness, and ethical decision-making are areas that businesses must address to identify how their businesses are impacted by the choices that customers make when working with corporations. The gig economy (short- or long-term project in which a contract worker is hired to perform a specific task or long-term consultant assignment) is an area that has not been addressed to a great extent by psychology researchers. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between emotional intelligence, ethical …

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The Paramilitary Police Academy And Conflict Resolution, James Charles Jan 2021

The Paramilitary Police Academy And Conflict Resolution, James Charles

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A police officer’s ability to use conflict resolution is a skill that starts with the training environment of the police academy. This study sought to determine if the paramilitary training environment is affected the students’ ability to use discretion in stressful situations or is promoting threat elimination. This ability to communicate under stress is important as it affected the relationships between communities’ law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate whether the paramilitary police academy training environment affects the students’ ability to use verbal conflict resolution skills in place of aggressive physical control methods. This …

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