Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Positivity Can Strengthen Immunity, Sean Teck Hao Lee, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In the laboratories of Carnegie Mellon University some years ago, 95 men and 98 women volunteered to have live cold and flu viruses sprayed directly into their noses.

Mothers And Fathers In Parliament: Mp Parental Status And Family Gaps From A Global Perspective, Devin K. Joshi, Ryan Goehrung

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Studies of Western parliaments find women experience greater difficulty than men in combining parenting with a career in parliament. Is it the same worldwide? Addressing this issue, we compared the marital and parental status of legislators in 25 diverse parliaments around the world while theoretically exploring whether parliamentary family gaps are due to individual, family, institutional, societal or global-level conditions. Through a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, we find institutional- and societal-level factors matter. Namely, family gaps between men and women members of parliament (MPs) were narrower under conditions of higher female employment, women in parliamentary leadership and lower rates of …

What Is The Value Of Built Heritage? Assessing Spillover Effects Of Conserving Historic Sites In Singapore, Shin Bin Tan, Edward S. W. Ti

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Quantifying the economic benefits of built heritage facilitates the formulation and assessment of conservation policies and programs. There is however a lack of empirical research about the economic value of built heritage in Asian cities. This lack is problematic, given the rapid pace of demolition and redevelopment of historic landscapes in Asian cities. This study seeks to reduce the current gap in built heritage research by examining whether real estate premiums are generated by the designation of buildings as ‘conserved’ in Singapore, a city-state in South East Asia. Using 20 years of housing transaction data, and controlling for building, neighborhood …

Mate Preferences For Warmth-Trustworthiness Predict Romantic Attraction In The Early Stages Of Mate Selection And Satisfaction In Ongoing Relationships, Katherine A. Valentine, Norman P. Li, Andrea L. Meltzer, Ming-Hong Tsai

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

People seek warm and trustworthy individuals as long-term mates for numerous reasons. Indeed, such individuals are prone to cooperation, have strong parenting skills, have the ability to fulfill our need to belong, and may provide a relationship that is characterized by greater closeness, protection, acceptance, and safety. Although prior work has shown that both sexes indicate equally strong preferences for these traits in potential mates, few studies have examined whether people actually respond favorably to partners high in warmth-trustworthiness in live mating contexts. We, thus, demonstrated that people’s stated preferences for warmth-trustworthiness (a) predicted their attraction to potential mates in …

Subverting The Logics Of "Smartness" In Singapore: Smart Eldercare And Parallel Regimes Of Sustainability, Orlando Woods

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper argues that the divergent logics of “smartness” and “sustainability” can lead to parallel regimes of sustainability. Whilst sustainability is often used to justify the need for smart cities, smart cities are often undermined by the neoliberal logics of digital governance. Moreover, because the intersection of digital technologies and society is a negotiated one, smart solutions often fail to provide adequate solutions to social problems. This is especially true when smart solutions are used to augment or replace hitherto human-centred processes, like caregiving.Parallel regimes of sustainability are a response to these failures. Drawing onan analysis of a trial of …

Rural Poverty And Urban Proximity In Sabah, Malaysia, Joseph Jeron

Student Works (2020-2029)

One of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to eradicate extreme poverty globally by 2030 in all countries including Malaysia. While Malaysia is close to achieving this target, poverty still persists in the state of Sabah. Therefore, this study examines the determinants of household poverty in rural Sabah with a focus on urban proximity. A purposefully designed survey instrument was used to gather primary data on a total of 407 rural households in 78 villages, spread across 16 poorest districts of Sabah. In addition, Geographic Information System (GIS) data on sample households and villages was collected to construct …

The Mediation Of Self-Efficacy Between Antecedents And Organisational Citizenship Behaviour In The Public Sector, Abdullah Meor Rashydan

Student Works (2020-2029)

Organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has become popular among scholars in organisational behaviour, psychology, and management studies since it significantly contributes to the success of an organisation. Organisational citizenship behaviour plays an important role in organisational settings for its effectiveness and the efficiency of the services or operation provided. Empirical studies on OCB in recent years were mostly conducted in a Western context. However, there is a limit of providing extensive information and in-depth understanding of employee’s citizenship behaviour in Malaysia settings. This study attempts to narrow the gap in the past literature. In the public sector, OCB is highly valued …

Information Needs Of Users Patronizing The National Archives Of Malaysia, Kasman Kaszilawati

Student Works (2020-2029)

The National Archives of Malaysia has a vision of becoming the centre of excellence for information sources and services by the year 2020. This vision is a support to make Malaysia a developed nation with strong moral and ethical values through the national heritage. The literature indicates that in an archival context, user studies remain unlimited. Even in Malaysia, archival user study, especially on archival user information needs, have not been empirically investigated. In order for archivists to respond adequately to the needs of researchers using their services, they must first understand the kinds of information which particular user group …

Using Open Source Data To Identify Transit Deserts In Four Major Chinese Cities, Junfeng Jiao, Mingming Cai

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

The concept of transit deserts stems from the concept of food deserts. There is substantial research on transit deserts in developed countries. However, there is no known research that has studied this subject in Chinese cities. Using open-source data, this paper identified transit desert areas in four major Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu). The results show that: (1) In these four cities, the transit desert areas are mainly concentrated in city centers and hardly occur in any suburban areas, which is very different from the cases in the US. (2) Shanghai has the largest transit-dependent population living in transit …

Understanding The Shared E-Scooter Travels In Austin, Tx, Junfeng Jiao, Shunhua Bai

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This paper investigated the travel patterns of 1.7 million shared E-scooter trips from April 2018 to February 2019 in Austin, TX. There were more than 6000 active E-scooters in operation each month, generating over 150,000 trips and covered approximately 117,000 miles. During this period, the average travel distance and operation time of E-scooter trips were 0.77 miles and 7.55 min, respectively. We further identified two E-scooter usage hotspots in the city (Downtown Austin and the University of Texas campus). The spatial analysis showed that more trips originated from Downtown Austin than were completed, while the opposite was true for the …

Challenges Of International Development Projects In Yemen: Perspective Of Public Work Project, Mohammed Lashuel Hassan Mohammed

Student Works (2020-2029)

International development projects are public projects that are created to support the economy and people’s life needs, mostly these types of projects target developing countries. These types of projects face challenges more than other projects due to many reasons. Accordingly, this research aims to explore the challenges that face international development projects in Yemen and conducted by the Public Work Project and highlight the most significant issues that face ID project as well to overcome these challenges. This research adopted the qualitative method by conducting ten semi-structured interviews with the PWP team and others stakeholders. The interview technique was selected …

From Status Inconsistency To Revisionism: A Study Of Russian Foreign Policy From 1991 To The Colour Revolutions / Esmaeil Mazloomi, Mazloomi Esmaeil

Student Works (2020-2029)

This study is an analysis of Russian Federation’s grand strategic orientations and its foreign policy behaviours between two major shocks; the disintegration of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and the colour revolutions in newly independent contries that were parts of USSR. While the collapse of Soviet Union and the end of cold war in 1991 fostered an optimistic view of Russia’s collaboration within the Western liberal order. The wave of “Rose”, “Orange” and “Tulip” revolutions in Georgia, Ukraine and Kirgyzstan (2003-2005) cause Russia to adopt a radical revisionism towards the statu quo order. This study attempts to …

The Influence Of Organisational Culture And Job Satisfaction On Emotional Intelligence And Organisational Performance Of Malaysian Administrative And Diplomatic Officers, Supramaniam Suganthi

Student Works (2020-2029)

As a natural instinct of survival in a competitive environment, organisations inherently aim to achieve high organisational performance. Due to constant global challenges and the volatile environment, organisations are accosted with various challenges. An analysis of Malaysia’s ranking in the IMD World Competitiveness report secured a 12th position in 2014, which dropped to the 24th position in 2017. As public servants play a pivotal part in meeting the competitiveness challenge of a country, this highlights a potential issue in the performance of the public service in improving the nation’s productivity. Hence, this thesis explores the effects of emotional intelligence on …

Musical Activities Between Father And Toddler In Local Music Centre In Klang Valley, Yee Farn Kang

Student Works (2020-2029)

Historically, different forms of musical activities, including singing, was one of the earliest ways of parents to bond with their children. Lullaby or other forms of singing has been used for ages to encourage or teach children necessary skills required in future. As recent studies signify, the effects of the music education from the early ages can have very positive effects on the children. Meanwhile, by growing the popularity of musical early childhood programs the number of researches on outcome of these classes are increasing. However, there are not many researches in which the focus specifically aim the effects of …

Pastoral Counseling: The Pastor’S Guide To Ministering Chronic And Terminally Ill Children And Their Families, Barbara F. Holston-Jones

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Millions of children will die this year due to chronic and terminal illnesses. The medical and psychological communities have attempted for decades to find a methodology that will help parents and the child find hope for the future. The psychological and medical communities’ meta-analysis studies have shown that the goal of hope has been elusive for children and families in all current modalities. The Gospel of Jesus Christ is the only true assurance for parents and children experiencing chronic and terminal childhood illness. Paul wrote in his Epistle to the Romans that believing in the gospel brings life all joy, …

Working Too Much For Too Little: Stochastic Rewards Cause Work Addiction, Brice Corgnet, Simon Gaechter, Roberto Hernán González

ESI Working Papers

People are generally assumed to shy away from activities generating stochastic rewards, thus re-quiring extra compensation for handling any additional risk. In contrast with this view, neurosci-ence research with animals has shown that stochastic rewards may act as a powerful motivator. Applying these ideas to the study of work addiction in humans, and using a new experimental paradigm, we demonstrate how stochastic rewards may lead people to continue working on a re-petitive and effortful task even after monetary compensation becomes saliently negligible. In line with our hypotheses, we show that persistence on the work task is especially pronounced when the …

Harnessing The Power Of Social Incentives To Curb Shirking In Teams, Brice Corgnet, Brian C. Gunia, Roberto Hernán González

ESI Working Papers

We study several solutions to shirking in teams that trigger social incentives by reshaping the workplace social context. Using an experimental design, we manipulate social pressure at work by varying the type of workplace monitoring and the extent to which employees engage in social interaction. This design allows us to assess the effectiveness as well as the popularity of each solution. Despite similar effectiveness in boosting productivity across solutions, only organizational systems involving social interaction (via chat) were at least as popular as a baseline treatment. This suggests that any solution based on promoting social interaction is more likely to …

Adam Smith’S Theory Of Value: A Reappraisal Of Classical Price Discovery, Sabiou M. Inoua, Vernon L. Smith

ESI Working Papers

The relevance of Adam Smith for understanding human morality and sociality is recognized in the growing interest in his work on moral sentiments among scholars of various academic backgrounds. But, paradoxically, Adam Smith’s theory of economic value enjoys a less prominent stature today among economists, who, while they view him as the “father of modern economics”, considered him more as having had the right intuitions about a market economy than as having developed the right concepts and the technical tools for studying it. Yet the neoclassical tradition, which replaced the classical school around 1870, failed to provide a satisfactory theory …

February 2020, Volume 16, Number 1, Winthrop University Archives And Special Collections

Retrospect: News from the Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections at Winthrop University

No abstract provided.

Depressive Symptoms In Three Chinese Older Workforce Groups: The Interplay Of Work Stress With Family And Community Factors, Fei Sun, Wanlian Li, Lin Jiang, Jaewon Lee

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: More people remain in the workforce into their late life as people's life expectancy increases. This study examined the relationship between work stress and depressive symptoms of older workers in mainland China, focusing on the interplay between work stress with family and community factors in three (i.e., urban, rural, and migrant) settings.

Methods: National representative survey data on the Chinese labor force collected by the Social Science Research Center of Sun-Yetsen University in 2014 were used. The sample consisted of 5,751 workers aged 50 and above recruited from 29 out of 31 provinces in mainland China.

Results: Work stress …

Utilization And Satisfaction Of Library Services By The Users Of Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Medical Sciences (Smims), Gangtok, India: A Study, Hira Kalita Librarian, Sanjay Kumar Singh Professor And Head

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was conducted to find out the realistic about the user’s utilization and satisfaction level of Central library of Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS), Gangtok, Sikkim, India. The user’s satisfaction of a library totally depends upon the utilization of library resources and services.

Methodology: For the required queries a questionnaire was prepared for the present study and it was distributed among 120 SMIMS students randomly.

Findings: The study exposed that students use the library for browsing e-resources and borrow books as per their need. From the students responses it was clear that …

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Keyword, Phrase, Boolean Operator [And] In Bibliographic Data Access And Retrieval For The Subject Chemistry, Saravanan T

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present study focuses on information search and retrieval of the bibliographical data related to the key terms that fall in the subject chemistry. The search techniques include simple keywords, phrase terms and Boolean operator “AND”. Further, study encompasses the Lancaster’s 2 x 2 Table matrix to trace the recall (R) and precision (P) ratio for the obtained records that are retrieved from the bibliographic database using the same search techniques. To fulfil the aims of the present study, a bibliographic database which contains the doctoral theses belonging to various subjects submitted to Annamalai University has been vouched. The database …

The Impact Of Social Media On Improving English Learning Skills: A Case Study Of Uae, Sameer O. A Baniyassen

Dissertations

Social media are one of the current forms of media that have diverse qualities and characteristics. Today, the use of social media is growing day by day at a significant rate. It is in this domain that students can virtually meet with their classmates and their teachers. They can communicate issues that are of significance and are related to their learning process. This study aimed to explore how social media platforms could affect English learning skills and to find whether social media could improve English language skills. The current study used mixed methods involving quantitative and qualitative approaches, such as …

Assessing Positive Mental And Physical Health Outcomes For Veterans -- Executive Summary, Bonnie Chapman Beers, Keoki Spaulding

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

The following is a visual executive summary of the Institute for Veterans and Military Family’s (IVMF) evaluation of the effectiveness of Travis Manion Foundation (TMF) initiatives on improving the level of thriving and well-being among participating veterans, families of the fallen, and civilian members. The evaluation found that participants of multiple TMF initiative types have increased positive mental and physical health outcomes.

Black And African Americans In The Military: From Service To Civilian Life, Rosalinda V. Maury, Corri Zoli, Daniel Fay, Nicholas Armstrong, Nyasha Y. Boldon, Rachel Linsner, Kicia Sears, Gilly Cantor, Mary Rachel Keville

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This infographic provides key highlights of Black and African American service members and veterans. The information and statistics in this document are from our various data collection efforts centered on military life, transition, employment, entrepreneurship, and higher education.

Are Infographics Worth It? An Assessment Of Information Retention In Relation To Information Embedded In Infographics Poster, Z. Sylvia Yang, Jessica Abbazio

Library Faculty Publications

To a librarian, infographics seem like the perfect tool to disseminate information. Infographics are particularly effective at cutting through the clutter to communicate with audiences, draw the attention of students, and make concepts more digestible in a quick and straightforward way. But do students think so? More importantly, is it worth the time to create infographics if students don't retain key concepts? Building upon earlier survey-based research done at DePauw University, a study will be conducted with music students at DePauw University (Greencastle, IN) and the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities. A survey distributed to music students in the …

A Phenomenological Investigation Of Doctoral Students’ Gatekeeping Experiences, Shawna M. Corley, Jessica Lloyd-Hazlett, Hope Schuermann, Noel Blessing

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

Counselor education doctoral students serve as gatekeepers simultaneous to their own training and evaluation. We used transcendental phenomenology to examine the gatekeeping experiences of 15 doctoral students at three programmatic levels. Findings and implications related to two primary themes, (a) precarious positions and power and (b) developing a gatekeeper identity, are discussed.

Exploring School Counselors’ Preparation To Address Disproportionality Of African American Students In Special Education, E Mackenzie Shell

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

While school counselors work with students in special education, little research describes their work with African American students in or at risk of special education or the phenomenon of disproportionality of African American students in special education. This phenomenological study explored the experiences and perceptions of eight high school counselors with African American students in special education and disproportionality. The researcher identified three themes: (a) Dis-Regard, (b) separate worlds and (c) professional knowledge. Intentional strategies to introduce counselors to the concept of disproportionality and its antecedents may mitigate processes that potentially lead to overrepresentation of African Americans in special education.

A Phenomenological Study Of Felt Sense Among Beginning Counselors, Perry Peace, Sondra Smith-Adcock

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of felt sense among six graduate counseling students. Each participant engaged in two semi-structured interviews and completed a journal of felt sense experiences. A Hermeneutic phenomenological method was used to analyze interview transcripts and journals. Findings, as well as implications for counselor education, supervision, and counseling practice, are discussed.

Critical Knowledge, Points Of Confusion, And Training Recommendations For Client Referrals, Jessica Lloyd-Hazlett, Samantha Airhart-Larraga, Lucy L. Purgason

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

The intersection of personal and professional values in relation to client referrals may cause uncertainty and confusion among counseling students. Current literature on this topic demonstrates a lack of agreement exists among student counselors about how to navigate the referral process, especially as it relates to making decisions about when to refer (Author, 2017). This content analysis examines what student counselors (N=104) perceive as critical areas of knowledge, points of confusion, and suggestions for training on ethical referrals. Emergent themes and implications for counselor education and future research are discussed.