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2015

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Articles 9331 - 9360 of 19695

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Trends And Disparities In Postpartum Sterilization Following C-Section, 2000-2008, Ginny Garcia-Alexander, Dawn M. Richardson, Kelly Gonzales, Adolfo Gabriel Cuevas May 2015

Trends And Disparities In Postpartum Sterilization Following C-Section, 2000-2008, Ginny Garcia-Alexander, Dawn M. Richardson, Kelly Gonzales, Adolfo Gabriel Cuevas

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives. We examined variations in the prevalence of postpartum tubal sterilizations following cesarean sections (C-sections) from 2000 to 2008. Methods. We used data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) to estimate odds ratios for patient- (race, marital status, age) and system-level factors (hospital size, type, region) on the likelihood of receiving tubal sterilization after C-section. Results. A disproportionate share of postpartum tubal sterilizations following C-section was covered by Medicaid. The likelihood of undergoing sterilization was increased for Black women, women of older age, and non-single women. Additionally, they were increased in proprietary and government hospitals, smaller hospital settings, and …

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2014 Transit Oriented Developments Survey, Jennifer Dill, Nathan Mcneil May 2015

2014 Transit Oriented Developments Survey, Jennifer Dill, Nathan Mcneil

TREC Final Reports

This report presents results from surveys of residents at several transit-oriented developments (TODs) in Portland, Hillsboro, Tigard, and unincorporated Clackamas County. The research complements our previous survey work for Metro done at eight TODs in 2010 and 11 TODs in 2007.

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Mobility And Accessibility In Shrinking Cities, Joanna Ganning May 2015

Mobility And Accessibility In Shrinking Cities, Joanna Ganning

TREC Project Briefs

A University of Utah researcher explores the synthesis of mobility- and accessibility-based transportation planning in the context of urban decay.

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Making Streets Into Complete Streets, Marc Schlossberg, John Rowell May 2015

Making Streets Into Complete Streets, Marc Schlossberg, John Rowell

TREC Project Briefs

Researchers created a manual to aid planners in adopting complete streets policies and designs.

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Peak Of The Day, Or The Daily Grind?, Oliver Blair Smith May 2015

Peak Of The Day, Or The Daily Grind?, Oliver Blair Smith

TREC Project Briefs

Survey research explores the relationship between commuting and overall happiness.

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Hiding Private Locations By Anonymizing Data, Kelly J. Clifton, Steven R. Gehrke May 2015

Hiding Private Locations By Anonymizing Data, Kelly J. Clifton, Steven R. Gehrke

TREC Project Briefs

Researchers explore ways of masking private locations in the interest of making useful data publicly available.

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Transit Can Inspire Neighborhood Revitalization, Gerardo Francisco Sandoval, Roanel Herrera May 2015

Transit Can Inspire Neighborhood Revitalization, Gerardo Francisco Sandoval, Roanel Herrera

TREC Project Briefs

In-depth case studies explore how transit-oriented development can revitalize neighborhoods without displacing low-income residents.

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Keep Your Head In The Game: Fosterclub And The Better Futures Project At Portland State University, Lee Ann Phillips, Isha Charlie‐Mccneeley, Timothy Bell, Celeste Bodner, Laurie E. Powers, Sarah Geenen May 2015

Keep Your Head In The Game: Fosterclub And The Better Futures Project At Portland State University, Lee Ann Phillips, Isha Charlie‐Mccneeley, Timothy Bell, Celeste Bodner, Laurie E. Powers, Sarah Geenen

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

This workshop, developed through a partnership between Better Futures and FosterClub, is focused on the challenges youth transitioning from foster care may face while pursuing their goals around higher education.

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Leveraging Research To Inform Better Practice, Jill Castek May 2015

Leveraging Research To Inform Better Practice, Jill Castek

Presentations and Publications

Panel focused on the importance of research being designed strategically from the very beginning and thinking about dissemination at the outset of every project design, not as an afterthought.

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Atheists In The Media: How Public Figures And Fictional Characters Affect Public Perceptions Of Atheists, Joseph Michael Stepniewski May 2015

Atheists In The Media: How Public Figures And Fictional Characters Affect Public Perceptions Of Atheists, Joseph Michael Stepniewski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated how media depictions of atheists might influence perceptions of them based on media theories of cultivation and priming. Severe distrust and dislike of atheists found in the literature indicated a need for the study. The measurement instrument used in the study asked a sample of 195 respondents to report their media consumption habits, including news sources, television shows, and movies, as well as identify real atheists in the public eye. Respondents were then asked to rate positive and negative statements about both atheists and religious people on a Likert scale and provide basic demographic information about themselves. …

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Behind The Gate Experiment: Evidence On Effects Of And Rationales For Subsidized Entrepreneurship Training, Robert W. Fairlie, Dean Karlan, Jonathan Zinman May 2015

Behind The Gate Experiment: Evidence On Effects Of And Rationales For Subsidized Entrepreneurship Training, Robert W. Fairlie, Dean Karlan, Jonathan Zinman

Dartmouth Scholarship

Theories of market failures and targeting motivate the promotion of entrepreneurship training programs and generate testable predictions regarding heterogeneous treatment effects from such programs. Using a large randomized evaluation in the United States, we find no strong or lasting effects on those most likely to face credit or human capital constraints, or labor market discrimination. We do find a short-run effect on business ownership for those unemployed at baseline, but this dissipates at longer horizons. Treatment effects on the full sample are also short-term and limited in scope: we do not find effects on business sales, earnings, or employees. (JEL …

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Informal Employment In A Growing And Globalizing Low-Income Country, Brian Mccaig, Nina Pavcnik May 2015

Informal Employment In A Growing And Globalizing Low-Income Country, Brian Mccaig, Nina Pavcnik

Dartmouth Scholarship

We document several facts about workforce transitions from the informal to the formal sector in Vietnam, a fast growing, industrializing, and low-income country. First, younger workers, particularly migrants, are more likely to work in the formal sector and stay there permanently. Second, the decline in the aggregate share of informal employment occurs through changes between and within birth cohorts. Third, younger, educated, male, and urban workers are more likely to switch to the formal sector than other workers initially in the informal sector. Poorly educated, older, female, rural workers face little prospect of formalization. Fourth, formalization coincides with occupational upgrading.

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Exploring The Developmental Dynamics Of Motivational Resilience Over The Transition To Middle School, Jennifer Rose Pitzer May 2015

Exploring The Developmental Dynamics Of Motivational Resilience Over The Transition To Middle School, Jennifer Rose Pitzer

Dissertations and Theses

In recent years students' academic engagement has gained increasing favor as a necessary component of authentic learning experiences. However, less research has focused on what students do when they run into everyday problems in school that allows them to return (or not) to a state of ongoing engagement. Expanding on these ideas, this project explores students' motivational resilience in school, that is, the dynamic interactions among their ongoing engagement, emotional reactivity, academic coping, and re-engagement after encounters with difficulties and setbacks in school. Grounded in an established motivational model based on Deci & Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory, and building on …

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Prison Privatization: Driving Influences And Performance Evaluation, Carla Schultz May 2015

Prison Privatization: Driving Influences And Performance Evaluation, Carla Schultz

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

United States conservatism and neoliberalism have created a market for prison privatization. The business of making money from incarcerated bodies is in direct conflict with the goals of the justice system. Driving economic and political forces are examined and used to explain the rising prison-industrial complex. Private prison performance is measured by recidivism, cost, inmate rights, and quality of confinement. This paper suggests that prison privatization must be reformed or abolished to improve the corrections system in the United States.

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There Goes The Neighborhood: Exposing The Relationship Between Gentrification And Incarceration, Casey Kellogg May 2015

There Goes The Neighborhood: Exposing The Relationship Between Gentrification And Incarceration, Casey Kellogg

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

This paper seeks to demonstrate that there is a deliberate and intentional link between residential housing patterns and crime and mass incarceration, and that government plays a strong role in allowing and formalizing this link. Using historical examples, this paper attempts to document the role of government and policy in furthering residential segregation through the processes of gentrification and disinvestment. By contributing to the destruction of low-income communities and the invasion of gentry through covert partnerships with the private sector to develop land and design cities, government has prioritized commercial interests over the needs of the community at all income …

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Hodge-Podge Hybridity: Luo And Western Identities In The Kenyan Development Context, Hannah Tuttle Apr 2015

Hodge-Podge Hybridity: Luo And Western Identities In The Kenyan Development Context, Hannah Tuttle

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Kinship ties in Africa form the basis of social organization. Far different from the Western conception of individual agency, individuals in Africa often define themselves in terms of their community or lineage. The tension between these two forms of identity-formation is visible in the field of international development. The aim of this research project is to understand the ways in which the social organization of the Luo people of Kisumu, Kenya has interacted with the various projects implemented by both governmental and non-governmental actors. Do those programs emphasize the agency of the individual in ways that complement the larger social …

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Human Elephant Conflict, Madeleine Johnson, Sara Miller Apr 2015

Human Elephant Conflict, Madeleine Johnson, Sara Miller

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Human elephant conflict is a serious issue around the world. There are various cases, all of which problematic, with many different solutions. By comparing human elephant conflict in various countries throughout the world, we seek to find possible solutions for Sri Lankan communities.

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Examining Environmental Injustice In Florida, Samuel Wasserman, Jeffrey Vaz Apr 2015

Examining Environmental Injustice In Florida, Samuel Wasserman, Jeffrey Vaz

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

This project analyzes potential areas of environmental injustice on a census tract level throughout Florida. Data on race and median household income were compiled into ArcGIS 10.2.2 along with Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) locations to determine if communities with low income or large minority population are disproportionately exposed to sources of heavy pollution. Statistical tests found that high minority and low income census tracts were more likely to be within two miles of a TRI site and that census tracts containing two or more TRI sites had significantly lower median household incomes than census tracts with only one or fewer …

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Predicting At-Risk Areas For Deforestation In Malawi, Robin Lewis, Andrew Currier Apr 2015

Predicting At-Risk Areas For Deforestation In Malawi, Robin Lewis, Andrew Currier

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

One of the poorest nations in Africa, the small country of Malawi has recently experienced severe deforestation. From 1990-2010, Malawi lost 17% of its forest cover (FAO 2013). Malawi also has the 6th highest population growth rate in the world (3.3% per year) (CIA 2014). Given this information, our study aimed to predict areas of future deforestation in Malawi. We constructed a spatial model to predict deforestation using the following parameters: distance from roads, distance from major markets, and population density. Our model predicted tree cover loss from 2000-2010 with some degree of accuracy. We then applied this model to …

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Human Activity Impacts On Belize Deforestation (1995-2010) And Future Trend Prediction, Xinyi Zheng, Rui Fan Apr 2015

Human Activity Impacts On Belize Deforestation (1995-2010) And Future Trend Prediction, Xinyi Zheng, Rui Fan

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Belize is a small country located in Central America. It is known for its high biodiversity and large rainforest coverage. However, as the demand of wood products increases, the vast rainforest is facing the threat of deforestation and land degradation. The tropical rainforest ecosystem is extremely important not only because of the numerous tropical wildlife living there but also because of its medicinal values. What factors, other than human logging of the forest, affect the potential of land degradation of Belize? We propose that such factors may include the ecosystem type of the area, whether it is a national protected …

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Identifying Suitable Canada Lynx Habitat In The Northeast, Carla Nyquist, Emily Berry Apr 2015

Identifying Suitable Canada Lynx Habitat In The Northeast, Carla Nyquist, Emily Berry

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) is a medium-sized predatory cat inhabiting the boreal and montane forests of North America, particularly Canada. However, their range does extend slightly into the subalpine forests of the western US as well as transitional forests in the eastern US. Canada lynx were listed as a federally threatened species in the states at the southern end of their range in 2000, and Maine is currently the only Northeastern state with a resident breeding lynx population, although sightings have been recently reported in New Hampshire and Vermont, which are part of the species historic range. The distribution …

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The Utilization Of Spatial Analysis To Predict Areas Of High Shark Attack Risk, Emily Walker, Laurel Whitney Apr 2015

The Utilization Of Spatial Analysis To Predict Areas Of High Shark Attack Risk, Emily Walker, Laurel Whitney

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

In the past twelve months, Australia has faced five fatal shark attacks. Some researchers have attributed this spike in shark attacks to increased populations. Since 1990, the Australian population has increased from 17 million to 23 million. As sharks are relatively common in Australia, the governments of some states have implemented culling as a shark attack mitigation strategy. However, under the Fisheries Management Act 1994 and the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, this program is listed as a Key Threatening Processes as it has harmed two or more threatened species listed under those acts, which has rendered it quite controversial …

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Atlas Of Maine: Piping Plover And Least Tern Habitat, Jeffrey Vaz Apr 2015

Atlas Of Maine: Piping Plover And Least Tern Habitat, Jeffrey Vaz

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

This map highlights the locations of essential habitat for Piping Plovers and Least Terns, both of which are endangered in the state of Maine. Essential habitat is defined as areas that both species use for nesting, feeding, and brood-rearing. Conserved areas in Maine are also highlighted on the map.

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Impacts Of Sea Level Rise On Plum Island, Ma, Jessica Batchelder Apr 2015

Impacts Of Sea Level Rise On Plum Island, Ma, Jessica Batchelder

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

ArcGIS 10.2.2 and NAD1983 Massachusetts Stateplane Mainland FIPS 2001 projection was used to model sea level rise on Plum Island, Massachusetts. Under high sea level rise conditions of 3m, 81.9% of the buildings on the island will be inundated in addition to a total of 11.06km2 or 75.44% of the islands land area. 86.5% of the wetlands would be inundated, the most loss of any vegetation type on the island. Based upon elevation data, this model provides a basic analysis of the impacts of extreme sea level rise on Plum Island.

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Sociological Impacts Of Wind Farms In Maine, Jeanne Barthold Apr 2015

Sociological Impacts Of Wind Farms In Maine, Jeanne Barthold

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

Renewable power has emerged in the last decade as a viable alternative for our societies' fossil fuel dependence. The Maine Wind Energy Act of 2009 made lofty goals for the amount of wind power that Maine wanted to produce by the year 2020. The many sides of the debate on Maine windmills that have arisen in the past six years create a picture that is extremely complicated. There is clearly not one solution to the problems that came with the rapid construction of windmills since the passing of the Maine Wind Energy Act. The rural communities most directly affected by …

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Innovation And Productivity: Evidence From China, Jingying Xu Apr 2015

Innovation And Productivity: Evidence From China, Jingying Xu

CLAS: Colby Liberal Arts Symposium

This paper investigates a lesser-known effect of innovation on the productivity of manufacturing firms in China. Innovation is a powerful vehicle for new firms to enter the market and compete with established firms. Innovation plays a key role in the productivity of firms and it matters for all types of firms, new as well as established. The ratio of new product output to the firms total outputs is used to measure innovation ability in this paper. A higher ratio is expected to have a positive impact on a firms productivity since new products are likely to be more differentiated than …

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Media Literacy For The 21st Century. A Response To "The Need For Media Education In Democratic Education", Peter Levine Apr 2015

Media Literacy For The 21st Century. A Response To "The Need For Media Education In Democratic Education", Peter Levine

Democracy & Education

We cannot pretend to educate young people for citizenship and political participation without teaching them to understand and use the new media, which are essential means of expressing ideas, forming public opinions, and building institutions and movements. But the challenge of media literacy education is serious. Students need advanced and constantly changing skills to be effective online. They must understand the relationship between the new media and social and political institutions, a topic that is little understood by even the most advanced social theorists. And they must develop motivations to use digital media for civic purposes, when no major institutions …

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Civic Meanings Reconsidered: A Response To “Civic Meanings: Understanding The Constellations Of Democratic And Civic Beliefs Of Educators”, Dr. Jonathan Ryan Davis, Dr. Terrie Epstein Apr 2015

Civic Meanings Reconsidered: A Response To “Civic Meanings: Understanding The Constellations Of Democratic And Civic Beliefs Of Educators”, Dr. Jonathan Ryan Davis, Dr. Terrie Epstein

Democracy & Education

In this response, we argue for the importance of understanding teachers' and administrators' beliefs about civic education, as well as how those beliefs may influence teachers' practices. We commend the authors for examining the beliefs of principals and school board members—groups rarely surveyed—but question how their beliefs may affect the teaching and learning of citizenship in schools.

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Beyond The Schoolhouse Door: Educating The Political Animal In Jefferson’S Little Republics, Brian W. Dotts Apr 2015

Beyond The Schoolhouse Door: Educating The Political Animal In Jefferson’S Little Republics, Brian W. Dotts

Democracy & Education

Jefferson believed that citizenship must exhibit republican virtue. While education was necessary in a republican polity, it alone was insufficient in sustaining a revolutionary civic spirit. This paper examines Jefferson's expectations for citizen virtue, specifically related to militia and jury service in his 'little republics.' Citizens required not only knowledge of history and republican principles, but also public spaces where they could personify what they learned. Jefferson often analogized the nation as a ship at sea, and while navigational instruments are necessary in charting an accurate course, i.e., republican theories, they become inconsequential without the decisive action required for their …

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Mapping Cultural Boundaries In Schools And Communities: Redefining Spaces Through Organizing, Gerald K. Wood, Christine K. Lemley Apr 2015

Mapping Cultural Boundaries In Schools And Communities: Redefining Spaces Through Organizing, Gerald K. Wood, Christine K. Lemley

Democracy & Education

For this study, the authors look specifically at cultural maps that the youth created in Student Involvement Day (SID), a program committed to youth empowerment. In these maps, youth identified spaces in their schools and communities that are open and inclusive of their cultures or spaces where their cultures are excluded. Drawing on critical geographies of/in education and Freirian notions of praxis, this paper considers the nature of school spaces through school curriculum and offers ways to render these contested spaces more democratic. Using these cultural maps, students work to individually identify spaces that allow them to engage meaningfully and …

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