Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Maternal Perceptions Of Agency In Intergenerational Transmission Of Spanish: The Case Of Latinos In The U.S. Midwest, Isabel Velázquez

Spanish Language and Literature Papers

This article examines the ways in which a group of first-generation Latino immigrants to the U.S. Midwest conceptualized their role in their children’s bilingual development. Respondents were asked to identify the individuals or institutions on which their children’s language and academic development depended, as well as household practices perceived as conducive to Spanish maintenance, and perceived obstacles to their children’s use of Spanish in the domains of home, school, and community. Discussion centers on maternal perceptions of agency because of the centrality of the mother in intergenerational minority language transmission. It is argued here that immigrant mothers’ perceptions of agency …

Fesitval City As A Tool For Urban Cities Development – El Mulid Case Study In Egypt, Dalia Moati, Rasha Sayed

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.

Multicase Algorithm For Road Realignment Of Informal Settlements: An Application Using Axwoman Tm On Gis, Husam Khalil, Ayman Ismail, Salma Anas

Architectural Engineering

Slum area redevelopment is a complex phenomenon to handle. Conventional approaches usually prescribe physical modifications to infrastructure, deteriorated building, roads or services. The problem is that these modifications are usually applied to most informal settlements regardless of their uniqueness or individuality. As a result, these policies do not achieve noticeable accomplishments in tackling slum problems from its roots. On the contrary they act as a catalyst that expedites growth in their number and seriousness. This paper offers a new methodology that sets a multicase algorithm to assimilate slum areas in their surrounding by the realignment of their roads network based …

Consistency And Recanting Of Ever-Smoking Status Reported By Self And Proxy Respondents One Year Apart, Julia N. Soulakova, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The study examined consistency of reports concerning current and prior smoking behaviors. Data came from the 2002–2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, where the current smoking behaviors and smoking history were reported by self- and proxy-respondents on two occasions, one year apart. The ever-smoking status is reported consistently, overall: Kappa coefficient is 0.78 with the corresponding 95% confidence interval given by (0.77, 0.78). One specific type of inconsistency of prior reports was assessed for respondents who were identified as never smokers at the latter assessment and former or current smokers at the earlier assessment. Based on the …

Pain Medication Management Processes Used By Oncology Outpatients And Family Caregivers Part I: Health Systems Contexts, Karen Schumacher, Vicki L. Plano Clark, Claudia M. West, Marylin J. Dodd, Michael W. Rabow, Christine Miaskowski

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Context—Oncology patients with persistent pain treated in outpatient settings and their family caregivers have significant responsibility for managing pain medications. However, little is known about their practical, day-to-day experiences with pain medication management. Objective—To describe day-to-day pain medication management from the perspectives of oncology outpatients and their family caregivers who participated in a randomized clinical trial of a psycho-educational intervention called the Pro-Self© Plus Pain Control Program. In this article, we focus on pain medication management by patients and family caregivers in the context of multiple, complex health systems. Methods—We qualitatively analyzed audio-recorded intervention sessions that included …

Which Way Is Which? Examining Global/Local Processing With Symbolic Cues, Mark Mills, Michael Dodd

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

A new method combining spatial-cueing and compound-stimulus paradigms draws on involuntary attentional orienting elicited by a spatially uninformative central arrow cue to investigate global/local processing under incidental processing conditions, wherein global/local levels were uninformative (do not aid performance) and task-irrelevant (need not be processed to perform the task). The task was peripheral target detection. Cues were compound arrows, which were either consistent (global/local arrows oriented in same direction) or inconsistent (global/local arrows oriented in opposite directions). Global/local processing was measured by spatial-cueing effects (response time [RT] difference between target locations validly cued by an arrow and targets at different locations), …

Developmental Changes In The Organization Of Functional Connections Between The Basal Ganglia And Cerebral Cortex, Deanna J. Greene, Timothy O. Laumann, Joseph W. Dubis, S. Katie Ihnen, Maital Neta, Jonathan D. Power, John R. Pruett Jr., Kevin J. Black, Bradley L. Schlaggar

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The basal ganglia (BG) comprise a set of subcortical nuclei with sensorimotor, cognitive, and limbic subdivisions, indicative of functional organization. BG dysfunction in several developmental disorders suggests the importance of the healthy maturation of these structures. However, few studies have investigated the development of BG functional organization. Using resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), we compared human child and adult functional connectivity of the BG with rs-fcMRI-defined cortical systems. Because children move more than adults, customized preprocessing, including volume censoring, was used to minimize motion-induced rsfcMRI artifact. Our results demonstrated functional organization in the adult BG consistent with subdivisions previously identified …

Coexistence Of Gm, Conventional And Organic Food Not Always Possible, Konstantinos Giannakas

CAFIO: Policy Research Group Policy Pagers

The coexistence of genetically modified (GM) products with their conventional and organic counterparts has been one of the most scrutinized issues surrounding the introduction of products of agricultural biotechnology into the agri-food system. Fears that the widespread adoption of GM products will drive their conventional (and, perhaps, organic) counterparts out of the market have been countered by arguments that their presence enhances the equilibrium product variety in the market. Central to the argument is, of course, the possibility of coexistence of GM, conventional and organic products with the main focus having been on farm production systems and the prospect of …

Gmos And Iprs Are Key Weapons In Fight Against Hunger, Konstantinos Giannakas

CAFIO: Policy Research Group Policy Pagers

The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into the food system and the assignment of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant genetic resources are among the most notable features of the increasingly industrialized agri-food marketing system of numerous developed and developing countries around the world. IPRs have provided innovating firms with incentives to aggressively pursue improvements of crop characteristics (such as herbicide tolerance, insect and virus resistance, drought tolerance and increased nutritional value) through gene splicing techniques, and the agronomic benefits associated with the genetically modified (GM) products have resulted in their embrace by a significant number of agricultural producers …

Ad Hoc Disaster And Crop Insurance Programs May Reduce The Use Of Risk-Reducing Conservation Tillage Practices, Karina Schoengold, Ya Ying, Russell Headlee

CAFIO: Policy Research Group Policy Pagers

There is growing concern that the risks facing agricultural producers are increasing due to several factors that include the predicted effects of climate change leading to more frequent floods, droughts, and higher temperatures as well greater use of agricultural outputs for nonfood energy products.

These risks are partially managed through federal agricultural programs. Ad hoc disaster payments have frequently been used to provide financial support.

Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesejahteraan Psikologi Anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia, Wan Norhayati Wan Othman

Student Works (2010-2019)

Dengan melihatkan keadaan semasa anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia di mana banyak masalah yang berlaku, ramai yang berhenti awal dan niat untuk berhenti awal, jadi tujuan kajian ini secara umumnya ialah untuk melihat keadaan kesejahteraan psikologi anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia yang masih berkhidmat. Manakala secara khususnya tujuan kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengukur tahap kesejahteraan psikologi anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia, mengenalpasti profil kesejahteraan psikologi anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia berdasarkan enam dimensi mengikut teori Ryff, melihat perbezaan min indeks kesejahteraan psikologi anggota Tentera Darat Malaysia berdasarkan faktor demografi, melihat hubungan pembolehubah bebas iaitu penghayatan agama, kecerdasan emosi, penghargaan kendiri, kepuasan kerja dan …

We’Ll Meet Again: Revealing Distributional And Temporal Patterns Of Social Contact, Thorsten Pachur, Lael J. Schooler, Jeffrey R. Stevens

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

What are the dynamics and regularities underlying social contact, and how can contact with the people in one’s social network be predicted? In order to characterize distributional and temporal patterns underlying contact probability, we asked 40 participants to keep a diary of their social contacts for 100 consecutive days. Using a memory framework previously used to study environmental regularities, we predicted that the probability of future contact would follow in systematic ways from the frequency, recency, and spacing of previous contact. The distribution of contact probability across the members of a person’s social network was highly skewed, following an exponential …

Evaluation Of The Psychometric Properties Of Two Short Forms Of The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale And The Social Phobia Scale, Allura L. Le Blanc, Laura C. Bruce, Richard G. Heimberg, Debra A. Hope, Carlos Blanco, Franklin R. Schneier, Michael R. Liebowitz

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale are widely used measures of social anxiety. Using data from individuals with social anxiety disorder (n = 435) and nonanxious controls (n = 86), we assessed the psychometric properties of two independently developed short forms of these scales. Indices of convergent and discriminant validity, diagnostic specificity, sensitivity to treatment, and readability were examined. Comparisons of the two sets of short forms to each other and the original long forms were conducted. Both sets of scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency in the patient sample, showed expected patterns of correlation with measures of …

Rural Latino Adolescent Health: Preliminary Examination Of Health Risks And Cultural Correlates, Timothy D. Nelson, Katherine M. Kidwell, Brian E. Armenta, Lisa J. Crockett, Gustavo Carlo, Les B. Whitbeck

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Latino adolescents living in rural settings may be at increased risk of health problems; however, data describing the health status of this population are limited. This study examined 60 rural Latino adolescents and found high rates of health risk, including at-risk/clinical results for hemoglobin A1C (23.3%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (55%), systolic blood pressure (21.7%), and overweight/obesity (55%). Time in sedentary behaviors was high and physical activity was limited. Adolescent language use was associated with health risk status, with greater use of English associated with lower risk. Health psychologists could promote improved health by providing health behavior interventions to this underserved …

Contribution Of Reactive And Proactive Control To Children’S Working Memory Performance: Insight From Item Recall Durations In Response Sequence Planning, Nicolas Chevalier, Tiffany D. James, Sandra A. Wiebe, Jennifer Mize Nelson, Kimberly Espy

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study addressed whether developmental improvement in working memory span task performance relies upon a growing ability to proactively plan response sequences during childhood. Two hundred thirteen children completed a working memory span task in which they used a touchscreen to reproduce orally presented sequences of animal names. Children were assessed longitudinally at 7 time points between 3 and 10 years of age. Twenty-one young adults also completed the same task. Proactive response sequence planning was assessed by comparing recall durations for the 1st item (preparatory interval) and subsequent items. At preschool age, the preparatory interval was generally shorter …

Child Maltreatment And Adult Criminal Behavior: Does Criminal Thinking Explain The Association?, Lorraine E. Cuadra, Anna E. Jaffe, Renu Thomas, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Criminal thinking styles were examined as mediational links between different forms of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect) and adult criminal behaviors in 338 recently adjudicated men. Analyses revealed positive associations between child sexual abuse and sexual offenses as an adult, and between child physical abuse/neglect and endorsing proactive and reactive criminal thinking styles. Mediation analyses showed that associations between overall maltreatment history and adult criminal behaviors were accounted for by general criminal thinking styles and both proactive and reactive criminal thinking. These findings suggest a potential psychological pathway to criminal behavior associated with child maltreatment. …

Hazardous Alcohol Use And Intimate Partner Aggression Among Dating Couples: The Role Of Impulse Control Difficulties, Laura E. Watkins, Rosalita C. Maldonado, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

To date, research identifying moderators of the alcohol–intimate partner aggression (IPA) relation-ship has focused almost exclusively on male‐perpetrated aggression, without accounting for the dy-adic processes of IPA. The current study examined hazardous alcohol use and impulse control diffi-culties as predictors of IPA among a sample of 73 heterosexual dating couples. Both actor and partner effects of these risk factors on physical and psychological aggression were examined. Results indi-cated that impulse control difficulties were an important actor and partner predictor of both physical and psychological aggression. Findings supported the multiple threshold model such that the inter-action between impulse control difficulties and …

The Longitudinal Impact Of Intimate Partner Aggression And Relationship Status On Women’S Physical Health And Depression Symptoms, Laura E. Watkins, Anna E. Jaffe, Lesa Hoffman, Kim L. Gratz, Terri L. Messman-Moore, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) has many detrimental effects, particularly among young women. The present study examined the longitudinal effects of IPA victimization and relationship status on physical health and depression symptoms in a sample of 375 community women between the ages of 18 and 25 years. All variables were assessed at 4 occasions over a 12-month period (i.e., 1 assess-ment every 4 months). Multilevel modeling revealed that IPA victimization had both between- and within-person effects on women’s health outcomes, and relationship status had within-person effects when women did not report current IPA. Although IPA was generally related to greater physical …

Childhood Exposure To Family Violence And Adult Trauma Symptoms: The Importance Of Social Support From A Spouse, Sarah E. Evans, Anne L. Steel, Laura E. Watkins, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examines the roles of positive and negative social support from a spouse as potential moderators of associations between experiences of physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) as a child and adult trauma symptoms. We hypothesized that positive social support received from a spouse would have a buffering effect on trauma symptoms whereas negative social support from a spouse would have a potentiating effect. Participants were 193 newlywed couples (total N = 386) randomly recruited from a marriage license database. Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring the nature and severity of child maltreatment and trauma symptoms, and …

Effect Of Head Impacts On Diffusivity Measures In A Cohort Of Collegiate Contact Sport Athletes, Thomas W. Mcallister, James C. Ford, Laura A. Flashman, Arthur C. Maerlender, Richard M. Greenwald, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Richard P. Bolander, Tor D. Tosteson, John H. Turco, Rema Raman, Sonia Jain

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine whether exposure to repetitive head impacts over a single season affects white matter diffusion measures in collegiate contact sport athletes.

Methods: A prospective cohort study at a Division I NCAA athletic program of 80 nonconcussed varsity football and ice hockey players who wore instrumented helmets that recorded the acceleration time history of the head following impact, and 79 non–contact sport athletes. Assessment occurred preseason and shortly after the season with diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive measures.

Results: There was a significant (p 5 0.011) athlete-group difference for mean diffusivity (MD) in the corpus callosum. Postseason fractional anisotropy …

Interoception And Learning: Import To Understanding And Treating Diseases And Psychopathologies, Rick A. Bevins, Joyce Besheer

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Chemotherapeutic agents nauseate cancer patients. Some individuals with schizophrenia hear voices. Chronic pain can be reduced by analgesics. Nausea, voices, and pain are examples of internal (interoceptive) stimuli closely linked with a disease and/or its treatment. There is evidence that the perception and, hence, role of these internal stimuli can be modified by one’s learning history. There is also increased awareness by researchers and practitioners of the potential import of learning involving internal states to some diseases and psychopathologies. Unfortunately, the science, theory, and practice appear to be trailing behind awareness. In this mini-review, we describe two examples: smoking and …

The Temporal Dynamics Of Visual Working Memory Guidance Of Selective Attention, Jinfeng Tan, Yuanfang Zhao, Shanshan Wu, Lijun Wang, Glenn Hitchman, Xia Tian, Ming Li, Li Hu, Antao Chen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The biased competition model proposes that there is top-down directing of attention to a stimulus matching the contents of working memory (WM), even when the maintenance of a WM representation is detrimental to target relevant performance. Despite many studies elucidating that spatial WM guidance can be present early in the visual processing system, whether visual WM guidance also influences perceptual selection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of early guidance of attention by WM in humans. Participants were required to perform a visual search task while concurrently maintaining object representations in their visual WM. Behavioral results showed …

Moral Intuitions About Fault, Parenting, And Child Custody After Divorce, Ashley M. Votruba, Sanford L. Braver, Ira Mark Ellman, William V. Fabricius

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Allocations of child custody postdivorce are currently determined according to the best interest standard; that is, what is best for the child. Decisions about what is best for a child necessarily reflect cultural norms, at least in part. It is therefore useful as well as interesting to ask whether current understandings of the best interest standard align with moral intuitions of lay citizens asked to take the role of judge in hypothetical cases. Do factors such as whether 1 parent had an extramarital affair influence how respondents would award custody? In the current studies, a representative sample of citizens awaiting …

Beyond Vox Pop: The Role Of News Sourcing And Political Beliefs In Exemplification Effects, Brandon Bosch

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The people we see in news media can affect our perceptions of public opinion through exemplification. Although research shows that individuals interviewed in a news story can influence perceptions of public opinion, little attention has been paid to the role that source type and audience attitudes play in the exemplification process. This study tests how the exemplification process is influenced by different types of news sources featured in an article (e.g., vox pop, protester, and interest group interviews) and the audience’s own political ideology. The study finds that the perceived typicality of sources is affected by both source type and …

Identifying Predictors Of Survey Mode Preference, Jolene D. Smyth, Kristen Olson, Morgan Millar

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

To increase the likelihood of response, many survey organizations attempt to provide sample members with a mode they are thought to prefer. Mode assignment is typically based on conventional wisdom or results from mode choice studies that presented only limited options. In this paper we draw heavily on research and theory from the mode effects and the survey participation literatures to develop a framework for understanding what characteristics should predict mode preferences. We then test these characteristics using data from two different surveys. We find that measures of familiarity with and access to a mode are the strongest predictors of …

Qualities Of Romantic Relationships And Consistent Condom Use Among Dating Young Adults, Larry Gibbs, Wendy D. Manning, Monica A. Longmore, Peggy C. Giordano

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Emerging adulthood is marked by significant changes in interpersonal and sexual relationships with delays in marriage meaning that young adults are facing increasingly longer periods of nonmarital sexual engagement (Arnett 2000). Understanding factors that influence contraceptive use is critical because young adults experience the highest rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Drawing on the Toledo Adolescent Relationship Study (TARS) (n = 437) we examine how variations in the qualities of dating relationship are associated with consistent condom use and consider the reasons for inconsistent condom use. We find that negative relationship dynamics, such as verbal abuse, intimate …

Disputed Paraphilia Diagnoses And Legal Decision Making: A Case Law Survey Of Paraphilia Nos, Nonconsent, Christopher M. King, Lindsey E. Wylie, Eve M. Brank, Kirk Heilbrun

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Paraphilia diagnoses applied in forensic settings are an ongoing subject of debate among psycholegal professionals and scholars. Disagreements pertain to both means-related issues having to do with issues of diagnostic reliability and validity, and ends-related issues regarding the consequences inherent to the legal contexts in which the diagnoses arise. To provide a fresh outlook on some of the issues, the present study entailed a systematic survey of U.S. case law to investigate the history, extent, and nature of forensic uses of a controversial paraphilia diagnosis, paraphilia not otherwise specified, nonconsent. Descriptive analyses revealed that use of the diagnosis, which occurred …

A Longitudinal Examination Of The Measurement Properties And Predictive Utility Of The Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Among North American Indigenous Adolescents, Brian E. Armenta, Kelley J. Sittner Hartshorn, Les B. Whitbeck, Devan M. Crawford, Dan R. Hoyt

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

We examined the longitudinal measurement properties and predictive utility of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) from early to late adolescence among a sample of North American Indigenous youths. Participants were 632 North American Indigenous adolescents (n = 632; 50.3% girls; M age at baseline = 11.11 years) participating in an 8-year, 8-wave longitudinal study. Via in-person interviews, participants completed the CES-D at Waves 1, 3, 5, and 7, and the major depressive disorder (MDD) module of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children at Waves 1, 4, 6, and 8. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that responses to the …

Cani & Società Prospettive Sociologiche Anglo-Americane 1865 | 1925, Michael R. Hill, Mary Jo Deegan

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Cani e società: p. 7

un’introduzione sociologica

Michael R. Hill and Mary Jo Deegan

1. Cani: illegali, abbandonati e vagabondi p. 11

Harriet Martineau (1865)

2. L’espressione delle emozioni dei cani p. 17

Charles Darwin (1872)

3. La coscienza dei cani p. 29

Frances Power Cobbe (1872)

4. Lettera di C. Darwin a F. P. Cobbe p. 48

sulla “Coscienza dei cani”(1872)

5. L’eterogeneità dei cani e dei loro padroni p. 50

Frances Powers Cobbe (1872)

6. I cani e la legge p. 62

Roscoe Pound (1896)

7. Sui cani p. 69

Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1916)

“Bomb Talk” And Erving Goffman’S Frame Analysis, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Erving Goffman’s Frame Analysis is introduced (together with several of Goffman’s basic concepts, including “strips”, “frames”, “keys”, “fabrications”, etc.) and applied to “bomb talk” (i.e., the different ways in which westerners discuss and/or refer to the reality of nuclear weapons). This analysis confirms (as Goffman predicts) that the manner in which everyday life is conceptualized and subsequently transformed is extraordinarily flexible. Goffman offers a coherent knowledge-producing system, one that is best carefully studied before applying his precisely-defined concepts to other aspects of our social world. Frame Analysis provides the means for analyzing the organization of everyday life and answering many …