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2012

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Articles 12841 - 12870 of 15698

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Factors Related To Cue Reactivity In Gamblers, Cheryl Ann Seifert Jan 2012

Factors Related To Cue Reactivity In Gamblers, Cheryl Ann Seifert

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

For regular gamblers, physiological arousal and subjective excitement are known to occur in response to gambling-related cues. The present study seeks to use a cue exposure paradigm to explore two factors related to cue reactivity in gambling. The first is to examine the utility of a behavioral economics measure of cue reactivity. The second goal is to explore the effects of beliefs about the availability of gambling on cue reactivity. In the current study, regular lottery ticket scratch-off gamblers were exposed to both a gambling cue (a scratch-off ticket and coin) and a control cue (paper and marker). Cue reactivity …

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Borders That Matter : Trans Identity Management, Reese C. Kelly Jan 2012

Borders That Matter : Trans Identity Management, Reese C. Kelly

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation presents the responses, strategies, and meaning-making processes that forty trans (transgender) people engaged in when confronted with or when preparing for the possibility of encountering two different types of identity checkpoints, or what I regard as "borders": situations where sexed bodies and presentations of self would be matched against identity documents or records, and the use or attempted use of sex-segregated facilities. The project addresses the questions: In what ways do trans people prepare for and respond to identity inspections in border crossing scenarios? What strategies do they employ in order to successfully border cross? What effect does …

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Predictors Of Depressive Symptomatology, Substance Use, And Delinquency Among Sexually Maltreated Youth : The Roles Of Socioenvironmental Risk, Social Support, And Peer Rejection, Melissa Ramrattan Jan 2012

Predictors Of Depressive Symptomatology, Substance Use, And Delinquency Among Sexually Maltreated Youth : The Roles Of Socioenvironmental Risk, Social Support, And Peer Rejection, Melissa Ramrattan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Drawing upon multiple waves of data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), the present study sought to examine the longitudinal relations among socioenvironmental risk, social support, peer rejection, and various mental health outcomes (e.g., depressive symptoms, substance use, and involvement in delinquent acts) in a sample of 269 sexually maltreated youth between the ages of 10 and 14 at Wave 1. Research has demonstrated relationships among child sexual abuse, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. However, much of what is known about the association between child sexual abuse and psychopathology has come from studies in which child …

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Participation, Collaboration, And Nonparticipation In Civil War, Yuichi Kubota Jan 2012

Participation, Collaboration, And Nonparticipation In Civil War, Yuichi Kubota

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The size of armed forces holds significant meaning for belligerents in civil war. Given that a large size of forces advantages an armed group in fight with the opponent, it should seek to expand the size of the forces as long as it can exercise close control over and have enough resources to manage them. Civil war involves the government and rebels, both of whom compete for the domestic popular support and recruits and often have areas where each of them can exclusively exert influence over civilians (i.e., the stronghold). In such a context, the pool of available participants for …

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State Homeland Security : Variation And Patterns Among The U.S. States, Lisa N. Sacco Jan 2012

State Homeland Security : Variation And Patterns Among The U.S. States, Lisa N. Sacco

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines the homeland security organizations of the 50 states, and describes what systems the states have created for homeland security policy and structure. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine how each state homeland security organization was developed, describe each organization, and ascertain if patterns of homeland security have emerged among the states. This descriptive study also uncovers philosophical differences in the states' interpretation of homeland security.

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The Effects Of Organizational Factors On The Performance Of Federal Foia Implementation, Hyuckbin Kwon Jan 2012

The Effects Of Organizational Factors On The Performance Of Federal Foia Implementation, Hyuckbin Kwon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The study aims to identify organizational factors that influence the performance of implementation of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and to investigate the strength and direction of their effects. Although FOIA is a critical statute to promote right to know and democratic accountability, its implementation by federal agencies has been frequently criticized for delay of information disclosure and a large backlog of unresolved requests. This exploratory study can be considered one of first academic efforts to analyze the relationship between organizational factors and the performance of FOIA implementation using empirical methods. The study analyzed quantitative secondary data from …

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Impulsivity, Criminogenic Opportunity Structures, And Delinquency, Matt Vogel Jan 2012

Impulsivity, Criminogenic Opportunity Structures, And Delinquency, Matt Vogel

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Impulsivity has emerged as a strong predictor of delinquency. A growing body of research suggests that neighborhood disorganization moderates the association between impulsivity and delinquency. However, there are several competing perspectives on the direction of this moderation, and the empirical research has generated a small body of discordant findings. This dissertation addresses the research linking impulsivity, neighborhood disorganization, and delinquency in two ways. First, I propose that the inconsistent findings to date might be attributed to variation in measurement and modeling strategy across earlier studies. Second, I argue that the mechanisms underlying the differential effect of impulsivity on delinquency across …

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The Relationship Of Age, Gender, Temperament And Cumulative Risk To Psychopathology In Children And Adolescents, Nancy Kumari Gajee Jan 2012

The Relationship Of Age, Gender, Temperament And Cumulative Risk To Psychopathology In Children And Adolescents, Nancy Kumari Gajee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Several factors have been associated with psychiatric problems in children and adolescents. There is mounting evidence that intrinsic factors such as age, gender and temperament interact with environmental factors in ways that may result in psychopathology. Few studies have examined these factors together to determine how well they predict diagnostic category in a clinic-referred population. This study investigated the roles of three broad temperament dimensions--effortful control (EC), negative affectivity (NA) and positive affectivity (PA)--along with gender, age, and cumulative risk in the prediction of psychiatric diagnosis in children and adolescents. Psychopathology was examined categorically, across four categories as outlined in …

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Copala Triqui Rhetoric Discourse Of Peace, Sharone Horowit-Hendler Jan 2012

Copala Triqui Rhetoric Discourse Of Peace, Sharone Horowit-Hendler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Our team worked with a native speaker of Copala Triqui, Román Vidal Lopez, to write the Address to the Triqui People, a message of peace for the Copal Triqui. We translated it to Spanish and English, and worked on creating a lexicon of Copala Triqui.

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How Does The Nonprofit Workforce Perceive College Student Service Learners In Their Workplace?, Elisa M. Martin Jan 2012

How Does The Nonprofit Workforce Perceive College Student Service Learners In Their Workplace?, Elisa M. Martin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This qualitative case study explores the perceptions that employees from one nonprofit workplace have of college students completing community service as part of an undergraduate class with the Community and Public Service Program (CPSP). Social cognitive theory was used to frame the research questions. Factors of work stress, public service motivation, and volunteer/service learner management practices were considered. In-person interviews and a focus group were conducted with fifteen employees. In addition, four personnel from the CPSP and two students taking a class with CPSP and performing service at the case study site were also interviewed. Findings show that employees appear …

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The Influence Of Molecular Family Stability On Emotion Regulation And Adjustment, Jennifer Weil Malatras Jan 2012

The Influence Of Molecular Family Stability On Emotion Regulation And Adjustment, Jennifer Weil Malatras

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Previous research has demonstrated a relationship between the constructs of family stability and adjustment and has provided evidence for a model in which self-regulatory behavior, namely self-control, mediates the relationship between family stability and adjustment. The present study is intended to expand upon that line of research, evaluating the mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between family stability and adjustment. Specifically, it was hypothesized that emotion regulation would mediate the relationship between molecular family stability and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants were emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 21 years and were asked to complete measures …

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Self-Modeling As An Intervention For Stuttering In Elementary Students, Jason Northrup Jan 2012

Self-Modeling As An Intervention For Stuttering In Elementary Students, Jason Northrup

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Stuttering is a disorder involving disruptions and disfluencies in speech that impacts overall communication and affects approximately 1% of the population. In addition to speech disfluency, stuttering is often related to physical tension, embarrassment, fear, anxiety, and other negative social-emotional problems, especially for children and adolescents. Fortunately, research indicates that stuttering can be alleviated before becoming more advanced and complex as individuals enter adolescence and adulthood. Self-modeling, an intervention that involves individuals watching themselves engage in exemplary behavior, appears to be particularly effective for individuals who stutter and can be implemented in a school setting. The purpose of this study …

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Exploring The Influence Of The Japanese Accreditation System Through Managerial And Institutional Lenses, Hirosuke Honda Jan 2012

Exploring The Influence Of The Japanese Accreditation System Through Managerial And Institutional Lenses, Hirosuke Honda

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In response to the declining quality of Japanese undergraduate education, the Ministry of Education implemented the accreditation system in 2004. As the first cycle of accreditation reviews ended in 2010, the effectiveness of these reviews has been discussed in the policy arena.

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True Chance On The Test Of Memory Malingering (Tomm) : A Descriptive And Inferential Item Analysis, Andrea Miele Jan 2012

True Chance On The Test Of Memory Malingering (Tomm) : A Descriptive And Inferential Item Analysis, Andrea Miele

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) was once purported to be among the "most frequently administered" neuropsychological tests of performance validity (Slick, Tan, Strauss & Hultsch, 2004). Much research involving clinical patients as well as individuals involved in medico-legal cases, however, has revealed that the TOMM may not perform as well as initially conceived during the test's early validation studies. For this reason, other performance validity tests have likely surpassed the TOMM; however, work is currently underway to increase the test's sensitivity to performance invalidity, usually through differential cutoff selection. The purpose of this study was to collect data on …

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This Pipe's For You : A Qualitative Exploration Of Glass Shop Owners' Networks, Legitimacy And The Glass Pipe Arts Movement, Anna K. Ryan Jan 2012

This Pipe's For You : A Qualitative Exploration Of Glass Shop Owners' Networks, Legitimacy And The Glass Pipe Arts Movement, Anna K. Ryan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this dissertation was to gain an insider perspective of the glass shop industry. A qualitative methodology was employed to gather in depth information from 15 participants who owned glass shops. Through interviews and extensive fieldwork, I was given the opportunity to delve into the work lives of innovative and goal oriented entrepreneurs. My motivation for engaging in this research was to uncover the processes that quasi-legitimate business owners utilized in order to operate under paraphernalia laws, which define the products they sell as illegal. Throughout my research, I learned that today's head shops have evolved from their …

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Remote Sensing Of Cloud Properties Using Oxygen A-Band Spectral Measurements, Siwei Li Jan 2012

Remote Sensing Of Cloud Properties Using Oxygen A-Band Spectral Measurements, Siwei Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Clouds play an important role in the climate system through their radiative effects and their vital link in the hydrological cycle. Detailed knowledge of the three dimensional (3-D) distribution of cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties is crucial to properly characterize radiative forcing by clouds and to quantify the response of the climate. In this study, a multi-layer cloud detection algorithm is developed by utilizing photon path length distributions retrieved from oxygen A-band spectral measurements. Case studies from measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site demonstrate that this photon path length method can detect multi-layer clouds …

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The Causes And Consequences Of Self-Protective Behaviors In Violent Encounters, Ráchael Anne Powers Jan 2012

The Causes And Consequences Of Self-Protective Behaviors In Violent Encounters, Ráchael Anne Powers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Self-protective behaviors are strategies that a victim utilizes during the course of a violent incident to either prevent its completion or to avoid or minimize physical injury. Research regarding the use of self-protective behaviors in violent incidents has focused predominantly on sexual assault, and the research that has examined non-sexual assaults has been limited with regard to the study sample, considered outcomes, and included covariates. To extend beyond prior work, this dissertation seeks to explore more thoroughly the use and consequences of self-protective behaviors in non-sexual assaults using the National Crime Victimization Survey. Self-protective behaviors were measured along two dimensions …

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China As A Multi-National Country : A Novel Interpretation Of Chinese Nationalism, Zhaojin Lu Jan 2012

China As A Multi-National Country : A Novel Interpretation Of Chinese Nationalism, Zhaojin Lu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Chinese nationalism in official discourse is conspicuously reflected in CCP's territorial claims to Tibet and Taiwan, where local nationalism is challenging the official definition of China as a unitary multi-national country as the constitution describes. Conventional wisdom, utilized by political propaganda, is considering the contemporary Chinese national boundary as the legacy of "Chinese history", of which the popular version is deliberately depicted in public educational materials. This paper presents a qualitative content analysis of history textbook used in high school in China, showing the historical narratives, as a result of selection, about the Chinese nationhood boundary in ancient China, especially …

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The Role Of Self-Esteem In The Treatment Of Youth In Residential Treatment Centers : An Examination Of Delinquency And Rearrest After Discharge From Treatment, Camela M. Steinke Jan 2012

The Role Of Self-Esteem In The Treatment Of Youth In Residential Treatment Centers : An Examination Of Delinquency And Rearrest After Discharge From Treatment, Camela M. Steinke

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this research was to explore the effect of self-esteem on rearrest and delinquency for a population of youth who have been committed to, and received services through, a residential treatment center.

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Impacts Of A School-Based Mentoring Program On Academic And Behavioral Outcomes For Middle School Youth, Kari Lisa Dupuis Jan 2012

Impacts Of A School-Based Mentoring Program On Academic And Behavioral Outcomes For Middle School Youth, Kari Lisa Dupuis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

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Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf Jan 2012

Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Few studies have analyzed the effect of lifecourse socioeconomic position (LSEP) on racial disparities in body mass index (BMI) trajectories and Diabetes. Four waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (1986-2002) were used to compute BMI trajectories and diabetes prevalence for 3497 Black and White participants. Multivariate associations of LSEP variables (father's education, perceived childhood SEP, education, income, wealth and financial stress) with baseline BMI and BMI change were assessed using mixed models. We also evaluated whether disparate LSEP predictors are influential in Blacks as compared to Whites. Finally we evaluated the presence of latent, pathway and cumulative models of …

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The Analytic Reconciliation Of Classic Mayan Elite Pottery : Squaring Pottery Function With Form, Adornment, And Residual Contents, Jennifer Ann Loughmiller-Newman Jan 2012

The Analytic Reconciliation Of Classic Mayan Elite Pottery : Squaring Pottery Function With Form, Adornment, And Residual Contents, Jennifer Ann Loughmiller-Newman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation presents a multidisciplinary means of determining the actual content (foodstuff, non-foodstuff, or lack of contents) of Classic Mayan (A.D. 250-900) vessels. Based on previous studies that have identified the residues of foodstuffs named in hieroglyphic texts (e.g. cacao), this study is designed to further investigate foodstuff residues in the elite vessels indicated by text or image to contain those residues, and the methods employed for residue characterization. Prior to studies utilizing residue analysis, the content of Classic Maya vessels largely had long been inferred largely by ethnographic analogy, associating specific vessel forms with specific uses based on ethnographic …

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Family Stability As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Child Temperament And Child Adjustment, Meena Choi Jan 2012

Family Stability As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Child Temperament And Child Adjustment, Meena Choi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Empirical literature has demonstrated a relationship between the constructs of family stability and child adjustment, as well as between child temperament and adjustment. The mechanisms through which these constructs relate to one another, however, have not been directly explored. The current study evaluates one proposed model in which family stability is hypothesized to moderate the relationship between child temperament and child adjustment, such that the relationship between child temperament and child adjustment would vary depending upon the level of molecular family stability present. Participants were 125 parents and 69 teachers of five-year-old children in kindergarten. Parents were asked to complete …

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Ethics In Action : A Study Of Ethical Decision Making In Counterinsurgencies, Marcus Schulzke Jan 2012

Ethics In Action : A Study Of Ethical Decision Making In Counterinsurgencies, Marcus Schulzke

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the kinds of ethical challenges soldiers encounter during counterinsurgency operations, what decision making processes or values they use to resolve these challenges, and how military institutions and culture influence soldiers' ethical reasoning. The first part of the dissertation is an assessment of various theories of applied ethics and how these can be used by soldiers during counterinsurgency operations. The second part discusses the institutions and cultures of the American Army, British Army, and Israeli Ground Forces. In the third part, I take up the problem of how soldiers from each of these …

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The Effects Of Task Properties And Cognitive Strategy On Performance : Application To A Personnel Selection Task In Government Organization Context, Do Suk Lee Jan 2012

The Effects Of Task Properties And Cognitive Strategy On Performance : Application To A Personnel Selection Task In Government Organization Context, Do Suk Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This research attempts to increase understanding of how judgmental performance in a personnel evaluation task is influenced by task properties and cognitive strategy. The study relies on Cognitive Continuum Theory (CCT) which is based on Social Judgment Theory (SJT). CCT argues that performance is a function of correspondence between cognitive strategies and task properties.

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Education In Juticalpa, Honduras : Analyzing Nonprofit Education's Impact On Socio-Cultural Reproduction, Eric Macias Jan 2012

Education In Juticalpa, Honduras : Analyzing Nonprofit Education's Impact On Socio-Cultural Reproduction, Eric Macias

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This Master's project explores education's impact on socio-cultural and economic reproduction in Juticalpa, Honduras. Utilizing comparative analysis, I investigate the education system in Juticalpa employing a public, private, and a nonprofit school as analytical lenses to illustrate how schools reproduce certain existing inequalities and create new ones in this city. The purpose in the following pages is three-fold. First, I conceptualize and explain the neoliberal education discourses on the need to create alternatives to public education, such as private and nonprofit education institutions. Secondly, after contextualizing these education discourses, I use social reproduction theory to investigate how schools reproduce existing …

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Pay It Forward : The Effect Of Social Support On Crime, Jessica Singer Jan 2012

Pay It Forward : The Effect Of Social Support On Crime, Jessica Singer

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between social support and crime. In 1994, Frank Cullen wrote an innovative article which was designed to construct social support as an organizing principle for criminology. Using this work to frame this research, I hypothesize that social support will be negatively related to crime. I explore this relationship on two levels of analysis. First, I investigate the relationship between state-level support and crime rates using a dataset that I constructed from a variety of sources. Second, I investigate the relationship between individual-level support and crime and deviance using data from …

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Maintaining And Regaining Organizational Legitimacy : The U.S. Securities And Exchange Commission, Karen R. Bryce Jan 2012

Maintaining And Regaining Organizational Legitimacy : The U.S. Securities And Exchange Commission, Karen R. Bryce

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Focusing on organizational legitimacy is an essential element to the survival of an organization. Suchman (1995) suggests that "Legitimacy is a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within some socially constructed system of norms, values, beliefs, and definitions" (p. 574). Legitimacy must first be gained and then maintained. If lost, legitimacy must be regained or the organization is unlikely to survive. Organizations can use both symbolic and substantive means of gaining, maintaining or regaining legitimacy. This dissertation explores organizational legitimacy by examining the case of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission …

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Stewards Of The Land : Demonstrations Of Agricultural Authenticity In Columbia County, Ny, Jaclyn Rose Bruntfield Jan 2012

Stewards Of The Land : Demonstrations Of Agricultural Authenticity In Columbia County, Ny, Jaclyn Rose Bruntfield

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The origins of food in the U.S. have come under close public scrutiny in recent years. An increasing number of farmers markets, certified organic products, and Community Supported Agriculture programs indicate that Americans are seeking out alternatives to the mainstream food system. The industrialization of food production in the post-World War II era, while providing larger amounts of inexpensive food than ever before, has arguably compromised people's relationships with food. While farming was once a common way of life in the U.S., today only one percent of Americans identify farming as their primary occupation.

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Migration And The Well-Being Of Left-Behind Children In China, Lin Guo Jan 2012

Migration And The Well-Being Of Left-Behind Children In China, Lin Guo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The rise of the floating population in China has greatly stimulated researchers' interest in studying the trends and characteristics of internal migrants, as well as their roles in China's economic transformations. Recent estimation from the Bi-Census data of 2005 suggests as many as 58 million children (under age 18) are left-behind in migrant-sending regions while their parents are away working. The absence of these migrant parents from the home may bring both short- and long-term consequences for their left-behind children. This dissertation aims to provide a systematic examination of the impact of parental migration on the well-being of rural left-behind …

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