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2012

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Articles 11371 - 11400 of 15702

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Is Organisational Commitment Culturally Bound?, Helen Chen, John Murray Jan 2012

Is Organisational Commitment Culturally Bound?, Helen Chen, John Murray

Irish Business Journal

The paper investigates whether organisational commitment is culturally bound. Literature was reviewed on the impact of Hofstede’s four dimensions of culture on organisational commitment. Three hypotheses were put forward in relation to the cultural impact on the three components of organisational commitment: affective, normative and continuance commitment. Data was collected from two branches of an American multinational corporation with operations in China and Ireland. The two cultures were chosen as they demonstrate differences as well as similarities on Hofstede’s dimensions, which provided an opportunity to explore the cultural impact. The results supported two of the hypotheses that Chinese employees have …

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Comparative Study: The Impact Of The Sw3 Armband And Physical Activity Logbook In Promoting Physical Activity Adherence, Bernie Cunningham, Suzanne Kennedy, Joseph English, Humphrey Murphy Jan 2012

Comparative Study: The Impact Of The Sw3 Armband And Physical Activity Logbook In Promoting Physical Activity Adherence, Bernie Cunningham, Suzanne Kennedy, Joseph English, Humphrey Murphy

Irish Business Journal

The purpose of this study is to compare the impact of portable body sensing technology (SW3 Armband) to a traditional approach, a Physical Activity Logbook (PAL) in promoting physical activity adherence. Participant’s physical activity adherence levels were recorded over a six month period. The primary research involved a six month physical activity programme that commenced in October 2010 and finished in April 2011. Females (n=30) were recruited through a local newspaper and a radio advertisement. Participants were randomised to an Intervention Group (n=15) or a Control Group (n=15). To be eligible to participate in the study the following criteria applied: …

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Organisational Factors Determining Export Performance And Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Empirical Investigation, Breda Kenny, Mairéad Clohessy Jan 2012

Organisational Factors Determining Export Performance And Electronic Commerce Adoption: An Empirical Investigation, Breda Kenny, Mairéad Clohessy

Irish Business Journal

Ireland’s economic performance over the past two decades was largely driven by the exporting sector of the economy. Vigorous export growth largely reflected the success of the economy in securing inward foreign direct investments flows, mainly from the United States (Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland, 2009). Given that Ireland has a population of just over 4.23 million (CSO, 2006) it is imperative that Irish organisations expand into foreign markets to gain a larger market base. It is against this background of international trade that this paper is set. This is a study of export performance and electronic …

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Fair Trade, Marketing And Consumer Behaviour, Brigit Derler, Vicky O'Rourke, Simon Stephens Jan 2012

Fair Trade, Marketing And Consumer Behaviour, Brigit Derler, Vicky O'Rourke, Simon Stephens

Irish Business Journal

This paper examines different aspects of fair trade marketing. Firstly, secondary research examines the development, advantages and challenges of fair trade. Secondly, primary research explores consumer buying behaviour in Ireland and Austria in the fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) market. Thirdly, the attitudes of consumers towards mainstreaming and clean-washing are explored. Phase one of the data collection involved one hundred and twenty consumer surveys. In phase two exploratory research using mixed modes collected data from nine suppliers of fair trade FMCGs. The findings suggest that the effects of mainstreaming are perceived to be predominantly positive. The research findings also suggest …

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Advertising The Thin Ideal-The Effect On Women, Christine Murphy Jan 2012

Advertising The Thin Ideal-The Effect On Women, Christine Murphy

Irish Business Journal

Debate on the thin ideal has been prevalent for many decades, however given the substantial increase in eating disorders and the omnipresent influence of the media the time is now ripe for decisive action in the area of women in advertising. Most research in this area has focused on the psychological impact of the thin ideal. The new research presented in this paper is important as it explores the marketing implications of the portrayal of women in the fashion and cosmetic industry. The success of this industry depends entirely on how receptive consumers are to the images portrayed. This paper …

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Tax And The Eu, Ann Cahill Jan 2012

Tax And The Eu, Ann Cahill

Irish Business Journal

The priorities of the European Union agenda vary as it responds to the changing demands of member states’ leaders. Over the past twelve years the emphasis has changed from security through immigration, economic crisis and now to unemployment and tax.

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Electric Vehicles In Ireland: The Future?, Angela Wright Jan 2012

Electric Vehicles In Ireland: The Future?, Angela Wright

Dept. of Organisation & Professional Development Publications

This study explores the merits of the Electric Vehicle (EV) as an alternative mode of transportation in Ireland. The EV has been produced for many decades, but never in a mass production capacity. EVs do not require fossil fuels to power them. With fossil fuels being in short supply and as global climate change is deteriorating each year; the EV will help reduce Ireland’s dependence on depleting fossil fuel resources. This current study seeks to establish if the EV can be part of the solution to prevent further un-repairable damage to the environment. The findings of this current study, demonstrate …

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(Academic) Families Of Choice: Queer Relationality, Mentoring, And Critical Communication Pedagogy, Krishna Pattisapu, Bernadette Marie Calafell Jan 2012

(Academic) Families Of Choice: Queer Relationality, Mentoring, And Critical Communication Pedagogy, Krishna Pattisapu, Bernadette Marie Calafell

Critical Race and Ethnic Studies Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Contesting Neoliberalism Through Critical Pedagogy, Intersectional Reflexivity, And Personal Narrative: Queer Tales Of Academia, Richard G. Jones, Bernadette Marie Calafell Jan 2012

Contesting Neoliberalism Through Critical Pedagogy, Intersectional Reflexivity, And Personal Narrative: Queer Tales Of Academia, Richard G. Jones, Bernadette Marie Calafell

Critical Race and Ethnic Studies Faculty Scholarship

In this article, we use personal narrative to explore allies and alliance building between marginalized people working in and through higher education, with an eye toward interrogating the ways in which ideologies of neoliberalism work to maintain hierarchy through the legitimation of othering. Inspired by Conquergood (1985), who calls scholars to engage in intimate conversation rather than distanced observation, we offer our embodied experiences as a way to use the personal to reflect on the cultural, social, and political. Our narratives often recount being out of place, moments of incongruence, or our marked otherness. Through the sharing of these …

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Changes In Adolescents’ Risk Factors Following Peer Sexual Coercion: Evidence For A Feedback Loop, Brennan J. Young, Wyndol Furman, Meredith C. Jones Jan 2012

Changes In Adolescents’ Risk Factors Following Peer Sexual Coercion: Evidence For A Feedback Loop, Brennan J. Young, Wyndol Furman, Meredith C. Jones

Title IX Research and Resources

Abstract: Investigators have identified a number of factors that increase the risk for experiencing sexual coercion, but as yet little is known about how sexual coercion in turn affects these risk factors. Using a sample of 110 adolescents, the current study examined the hypothesis that, after an incident of sexual coercion, adolescents would exhibit increases in several behaviors known to increase risk for victimization. As predicted, after experiencing sexual coercion, adolescents reported increased externalizing symptoms, more frequent sexual intercourse and a greater total number of intercourse partners. Finally, alcohol use, drug use, and problems related to substance use increased. These …

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Psychologist Self-Disclosure With Court-Mandated And Self-Referred Clients, Barbara Ann Doremus Jan 2012

Psychologist Self-Disclosure With Court-Mandated And Self-Referred Clients, Barbara Ann Doremus

ETD Archive

Therapist self-disclosure is a topic that continues to generate professional discourse in research literature. However, no literature has considered how therapists use self-disclosure with clients who are court-mandated into therapy. The goals of this research were to: 1) identify differences in psychologists' responses on the Self-Disclosure Questionnaire - Revised (SDQ - R) between self-referred and court-mandated clients 2) determine whether psychologists using self-disclosure with court-mandated clients endorse similar justifications for using self-disclosure as documented in the literature 3) understand how psychologists' years of experience influence self-disclosure with court-mandated clients and 4) observe whether psychologists who had graduate training/experience with self-disclosure …

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The Local Economic Growth Impact Of Broadband Infrastructure 1998 To 2008, Karen A. Gurney Jan 2012

The Local Economic Growth Impact Of Broadband Infrastructure 1998 To 2008, Karen A. Gurney

ETD Archive

This dissertation presents estimates of the relationship between early investment in broadband infrastructure and a number of local economic indicators using a data set of communities (by zip code) across the U.S. Data is matched from the FCC (Form 477) on broadband infrastructure availability with demographic and other socio-economic data from the U.S. Population Censuses and Business Trends Surveys. Spatial econometric techniques are utilized. Even after controlling for community-level factors known to influence broadband availability and economic activity, it was found that between 1998 and 2008, communities in which broadband was available by 1999, compared to those that did not, …

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Do The Causes Of Poverty Vary By Neighborhood Type?, Uday Bhaskar Kandula Jan 2012

Do The Causes Of Poverty Vary By Neighborhood Type?, Uday Bhaskar Kandula

ETD Archive

Increasing our understanding about the nature of poverty is important due to its severe consequences at the individual, neighborhood and community levels. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand whether, or the degree to which, the causes of poverty vary across different types of neighborhoods. To accomplish this goal, cluster analysis was used to identify unique types of metropolitan neighborhoods. Next, variables that correspond to the causes of poverty were identified and entered into a factor analysis. The resulting factors were used as explanatory variables in a regression analysis explaining the variation in poverty across the different types of …

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A Survey Of The Structural Determinants Of Local Emergency Planning Committee Compliance And Proactivity;Towards An Applied Theory Of Precaution In Emergency Management, Erica M. Matheny Jan 2012

A Survey Of The Structural Determinants Of Local Emergency Planning Committee Compliance And Proactivity;Towards An Applied Theory Of Precaution In Emergency Management, Erica M. Matheny

ETD Archive

Millions of factories, chemical facilities, and highways store or convey extremely hazardous substances (EHS) in proximity to populated residential and commercial areas. The proliferation of hazardous chemicals in manufacturing has led to thousands of facilities that store and utilize them throughout the United States. There is inherent risk to neighborhoods and populated areas located near facilities that use and store hazardous chemicals. Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) were created in 1987 as stakeholder based, primarily volunteer organizations that address hazardous chemical accident mitigation. In addition, LEPCs were mandated with the intent of engaging communities in the debate about hazardous materials. …

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Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina Jan 2012

Understanding The Relationship Of Trust And Risk In Online Shopping, Stephanie C. Kozina

ETD Archive

This study explores the relationships between online shopping, perceived risk, and trust in an online vendor. Various models have been proposed and studied in previous literature. This study looked at three models: Through, Joint, and Plus to explain how these three constructs relate. An online study with 173 consumers was conducted and focused on perceived risk and consumer trust in the online vendor. Two types of trust, predictability and integrity, were included. A principal components factor analysis led to two four types of risk - privacy, time, social, and lost resource risk - all four were included in the analysis. …

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The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane Jan 2012

The Effects Of Task Autonomy And Task Interest On Goal-Setting Behavior And Task Performance, Megan E. Crane

ETD Archive

Task autonomy and task interest have been studied in the organizational literature as main effects, demonstrating positive effects on productive work behavior and goal-setting behavior. Providing high task autonomy or an interesting task may stimulate goal setting, but the interaction of these two variables may significantly increase goal level and consequently task performance. Yet, little research has examined this interaction on individuals' goal-setting behavior, when given the opportunity to self-set goals. The purpose of this research is to discover whether the effects of task autonomy on self-set goals are stronger for tasks that are more interesting. Furthermore, I assessed the …

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Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko Jan 2012

Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions To Men's And Women's Compulsory Citizenship Behaviors, Makishi Nobuko

ETD Archive

The objective of this current study was to investigate how job evaluations were changed based on a performer's gender, especially when a performer engaged in compulsory pro-social behaviors under undesirable pressure from others. Gadot (2006) named this type of behavior as Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCBs). Gadot (2007) mentioned that employees are forced to perform Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs). The present study used a 2 (gender) x 2 (voluntary nature of behavior: OCBs or CCBs) x 2 (type of behavior: altruistic or civic) mixed between-within-subjects methodology. Participants were randomly assigned to view different types of imaginary employees, which would vary in …

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What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson Jan 2012

What Factors Predict Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults?, Nicole T. Dawson

ETD Archive

A significant amount of research has been conducted to identify possible risk factors and causes of falls in older adults as well as implementing interventions in efforts to reduce the incidence of falls in this population. Falls accounted for 2 million non-fatal injuries to adults over the age of 65 in 2007 while over $19 billion is spent annually on direct medical costs. Most of the literature is representative of healthy, community-dwelling adults while a much smaller amount is reserved for the subpopulation of older adults with cognitive impairment. Cognitively impaired adults are twice as likely to fall as healthy …

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Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams Jan 2012

Examining Signer-Specificity Effects In The Perception Of Words In American Sign Language, Hadiya A. Adams

ETD Archive

Variability in talker identity, which is commonly referred to as one type of indexical variation, has demonstrable effects on the speed and accuracy of spoken word recognition. In the current study, I conducted two experiments designed to examine whether talker variability has an effect on the perception of words in American Sign Language. Native and non-native signers participated in two long-term repetition-priming experiments in which they performed two separate blocks of lexical decision trials. In Experiment 1, all participants were native signers. In Experiment 2, all participants were late signers. In both experiments, all participants performed both an easy and …

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The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda Jan 2012

The Effects Of Group Essence Survival On Group Morale, Mark R. Wojda

ETD Archive

Morale has been defined as, "the capacity of a group of people to pull together persistently and consistently in pursuit of a common purpose" (Leighton, 1949, p. 78). What is missing in our understanding of morale is knowing precisely what generates, increases, and decreases morale. One purpose of the current project is to explore these aspects of morale. Specifically, one factor that may boost or drive morale is the survival of the group's identity, or common purpose. The "essence" of a group includes their values, ideals, and identity that may live on even after current members of the group no …

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Film Viewing In The Interactive Age, Rachel M. Campbell Jan 2012

Film Viewing In The Interactive Age, Rachel M. Campbell

ETD Archive

Streaming films online has become a popular and unique way to view films. This study was designed to identify the uses and gratifications of using streaming film services, and identify any differences in quality of the streaming experience when compared to the original film. This study drew from past uses and gratifications research on film, television, VCRs, DVDs, and other film-related technologies to develop a survey determining the motivations of both streamers and non-streamers. Additionally a content analysis was used to determine the quality of film presentation when streaming a film online. The survey revealed that the main uses and …

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Popular Music Lyrics And Adolescent Sexual Behavior And Attitudes, Elizabeth A. Langdon Jan 2012

Popular Music Lyrics And Adolescent Sexual Behavior And Attitudes, Elizabeth A. Langdon

ETD Archive

This study examines the possible links between music lyrics and adolescent sexual health and behavior. This relationship is first explored through a content analysis of sexual content of popular music lyrics. The findings generally support those of previous content analyses that find sexual content to be increasing, to be used regardless of gender of singer, and to be higher among some genres than others. The study also offers unexpected evidence of a link between lyrical content and cultural happenings that was not formally sought as part of the original study. The study secondly seeks to discover any correlations between sexual …

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The Changing Face Of The Western: An Analysis Of Hollywood Western Films From Director John Ford And Others During The Years 1939 To 1964, Jeffrey A. Spicer Jan 2012

The Changing Face Of The Western: An Analysis Of Hollywood Western Films From Director John Ford And Others During The Years 1939 To 1964, Jeffrey A. Spicer

ETD Archive

This content analysis uses the entire selection of John Ford's Westerns from 1939 to 1964, as well as top Westerns by other directors over the course of the same years in order to see more universal trends in the Western genre that are not unique only to John Ford. Items involving character portrayals and plot themes are used to ascertain how the films changed during those years. The psychological dimensions of the characters are also important, and it was speculated that a gradual change would take place in the types of character traits that were exhibited in the films. The …

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Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya Jan 2012

Preliminary Analysis Of The Geriatric Intelligence Test, Adam W. Fominaya

ETD Archive

The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence was not designed specifically for older adults. Many potential confounding factors occur with greater frequency in the elderly population and these may make the WASI a less appropriate measure of general cognitive functioning. This preliminary study aimed to develop the Geriatric Intelligence Test (GIT). Items were piloted on older adults (>80) who also completed two WASI Subtests. Preliminary results show that multiple GIT subtests are strong predictors of WASI subtest scores and showed good internal consistency. Results will be used to develop a more parsimonious version of the test

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Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan Jan 2012

Normative Data Collection And Comparison Of Performance On The Poreh Naming Test To The Boston Naming Test, Orion R. Biesan

ETD Archive

Although word-finding difficulty is commonly self-reported by older adults, there are no clinical instruments able to reliably distinguish normal age-related effects from pathology in word-finding impairments. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) design and evaluate the validity of the Poreh Naming Test, a novel electronic confrontation naming test used to evaluate naming difficulties in demented populations and (2) to investigate the effect of normal aging word-finding abilities on confrontation naming tests, using both accuracy and response latency as performance indices. A community sample was used with each participant being administered the Boston Naming Test, the Poreh Naming Test, …

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Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla Jan 2012

Using The Quantified Process Approach In Examination Of The Five Point Test, John R. Skalla

ETD Archive

The purpose of this study was to collect normative data and test for the reliability of a new strategy index, quantified using a computer-assisted algorithm on the Five-Point Test (FPT), developed by Regard, Strauss, and Knapp (1982). Additionally, the study was aimed at investigating the influence of the new index on the total number of designs and preservative errors. Participants included one hundred and fourteen individuals from Cleveland State University and the community for time one, and sixty two individuals for time two. Participants were administered the Five Point Test and the Delis-Kaplan Design Fluency Test developed by Delis, Kaplan …

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Sports Fandom: A Study Of Basking In Reflected Glory, Spiral Of Silence, And Language Use Via Online Social Networks, Shawna L L. Jackson Jan 2012

Sports Fandom: A Study Of Basking In Reflected Glory, Spiral Of Silence, And Language Use Via Online Social Networks, Shawna L L. Jackson

ETD Archive

Emerging technologies and the ever-changing climate of the Internet has helped social networking sites to foster relationships between sports fans and professional sports teams. This study focused on identification a Cleveland Browns fan feels with the team as a predicting factor of emotions, actions, self and group identity, and pronominal usage. An online survey was given to Cleveland Browns fans to determine their level of fandom, Cleveland Browns knowledge, overall media habits, feelings toward the city of Cleveland, personality traits, and demographic information. A content analysis was conducted to determine the pronominal usage, used to indicate a specific distance from …

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Lazy User Theory And Interpersonal Communication Networks, James D. Hayes Jan 2012

Lazy User Theory And Interpersonal Communication Networks, James D. Hayes

ETD Archive

This research examines individual adoption and use of communication technologies through a communication perspective by utilizing concepts from the lazy user theory of solution selection. The user state (individual technology use characteristics) and peer communication are hypothesized to predict switching costs (communication device satisfaction) and laziness. A survey of 687 individuals consisting of college students, Facebook, and Reddit.com users collected data later subjected to exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression. Factor analysis revealed four aspects of user state portable tech-ers, onliners, workers, and relationshipers three types of peer communicators conversationalists, web-referencers, and peer superiors and one type of switching cost, …

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Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce Jan 2012

Stigma And Knowledge: A Questionnaire And Literature Review, Melissa L. Pierce

ETD Archive

The main purpose of this study is to show a link between lack of knowledge about mental illness and stigmatizing attitudes towards those with mental illnesses. The first hypothesis, that stigma would be correlated with a lack of knowledge about mental illnesses was confirmed. The majority of results indicate that more knowledge about mental illness in general or about anxiety and/or schizophrenia is associated with less stigmatizing or negative attitudes. Some results didn't support the first hypothesis and these results show that some negative or stigmatizing responses were associated with more estimated knowledge about schizophrenia and/or anxiety.The second hypothesis was …

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The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer Jan 2012

The Impact Of Employment Environment And Stereotype Threat On Self-Perceptions And Work Performance Of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities, Mary Riegelmayer

ETD Archive

Community service agencies are advocating for the placement of individuals with intellectual disabilities into community employment positions. Despite training and follow-up services many of these individuals lost their jobs due to inferior performance. One explanation is the possibility that stereotype threat is a causal factor in this phenomenon. Stereotype threat has been linked to poor performance outcomes where the stereotype and performance domain are salient to the individual. Persons with intellectual disabilities may be affected by stereotype threat if the stereotype of mental retardation is salient to them. This study was designed, to investigate whether the stereotype is salient to …

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