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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Adolescence (3)
- African American (2)
- Coping (2)
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- Gender role attitudes (2)
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- Attitude Alignment (1)
- Belonging (1)
- Blight (1)
- Body Dissatisfaction (1)
- Body Image (1)
- Body image (1)
- Boomer Women (1)
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Articles 31 - 60 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Turning To The Bottle For Answers: Identifying Racial Differences In Predictors Of Risk Drinking Among College Women, Melody Mickens
Turning To The Bottle For Answers: Identifying Racial Differences In Predictors Of Risk Drinking Among College Women, Melody Mickens
Theses and Dissertations
Epidemiological data suggest that alcohol use and related problems have increased among college women. The current study examined psychosocial predictors of risk drinking in a sample of college women (N=360), whether race moderated this relationship. Potential predictors included: daily smoker; premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptom severity; age at first alcohol use, negative affect, parental history of alcohol problems and minority status. Analyses found that somatic PMS symptom severity score, age of first alcohol use, daily smoking, age of first alcohol use and non-minority status were related. Findings suggest that minority group membership was associated with low risk drinking, while somatic PMS …
Attitude Alignment Among Couples In The Face Of Belonging Threat, Chelsea Reid
Attitude Alignment Among Couples In The Face Of Belonging Threat, Chelsea Reid
Theses and Dissertations
The present research sought to expand upon previous research demonstrating that individuals shift their attitudes to match the attitudes of their romantic partner. This research examined whether attitude alignment is influenced, in part, by belonging threats. Participants reported their attitudes about social issues and were randomly assigned to receive a belonging threat (or acceptance) in the form of feedback about their future relationships prior to discussing issues about which they disagreed with their partner. Partners discussed issues that were central to self - peripheral to partner and peripheral to self - central to partner. Attitude alignment was measured following discussion …
Disaster Management Policy And People With Disabilities In The United States And Jamaica, Jessica Jagger
Disaster Management Policy And People With Disabilities In The United States And Jamaica, Jessica Jagger
Theses and Dissertations
Natural and human-influenced disasters impact every demographic group around the world. People with disabilities face unique barriers to disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery related to functional needs and societal barriers. This study examines the relationship between emergency management planners and disability communities, by exploring the intent of emergency management policy, implementation of the policy, and the experiences of people with disabilities in Jamaica and Virginia. In this study, 36 people with disabilities were interviewed about their experiences with disaster, and 18 planners were interviewed about the intent and implementation of disaster management plans. Participants were from different communities across …
Representative Bureaucracy: A Study Of Associations Between African Americans At The Senior Level And The Mid Level Of The Federal Civil Service, Robbie Mitchell
Representative Bureaucracy: A Study Of Associations Between African Americans At The Senior Level And The Mid Level Of The Federal Civil Service, Robbie Mitchell
Theses and Dissertations
For years African Americans have comprised the largest minority group within the federal civil service, yet have been under represented at the higher levels, namely, GS13 through GS15 and the senior executive service (SES). Executive and legislative actions alone have not been sufficient to overcome the under-representation of African Americans at higher levels of the federal bureaucracy. The theory of representative bureaucracy suggests that passive representation, or the extent to which a bureaucracy employs people of diverse social backgrounds, leads to active representation, or the pursuit of policies reflecting the interests and desires of those people (Kingsley, 1944). Implicit in …
The Influence Of Family Structure And Transitions On Parenting, Income, Residential Mobility, And Substance Initiation In Early Adolescence: A Comparison Of Caucasian And African American Youth, Sally Mays
Theses and Dissertations
The effect of family structure on youth adjustment has received increasing attention as historical trends in single parenting, divorce, remarriage, and cohabitation with partners and extended family members have produced a diverse constellation of structures. African American youth are less likely than Caucasian youth to live in an “intact” family. Links between family structure and a variety of indices of youth adjustment have been established, although a relatively understudied outcome is that of substance initiation, despite its association with dependence and other negative sequelae. The dynamic effect of transitions has additionally been less studied than the static effect of structure. …
Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of 3-Substituent Rimonabant Analogs, D. Matthew Walentiny
Discriminative Stimulus Properties Of 3-Substituent Rimonabant Analogs, D. Matthew Walentiny
Theses and Dissertations
Cannabinoid agonists (e.g., THC) dose-dependently decrease locomotor activity and body temperature and produce antinociception and catalepsy. Drugs that produce this tetrad of effects within a limited dose range are likely to function as CB1 receptor agonists. A structure activity relationship study from our laboratory investigating analogs of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant revealed that certain alterations in the 3-substituent of rimonabant’s pyrazole core conferred agonist-like properties in the tetrad. Interestingly, these effects were present in CB1 -/- mice, and were not reversed by rimonabant in wild-type mice. The present study evaluated two novel 3-substituent rimonabant analogs, O-6629 and O-6658 in the …
Distinguishing Between Homeless And Unstably Housed Men On Risk Factors For Homelessness, Valerie Holton
Distinguishing Between Homeless And Unstably Housed Men On Risk Factors For Homelessness, Valerie Holton
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored the risk factors for homelessness in single men, the largest group of people experiencing homelessness and a group about which little is known regarding their risks for homelessness. A case control design was used to differentiate risk factors between men who were homeless and men who were unstably housed. Risk factors included cumulative risk, negative life events, and demographic factors. Two models were tested using discriminant function analysis (DFA). The Cumulative Risk Model did not significantly differentiate between the two groups. However, the Negative Life Events Model yielded one discriminant function that significantly differentiated between the groups …
Women, Wealth And Social Norms Theory: Financial Behaviors And Perceptions Of Affluent Women In Their Prime Years, Scarlett Schwartz
Women, Wealth And Social Norms Theory: Financial Behaviors And Perceptions Of Affluent Women In Their Prime Years, Scarlett Schwartz
Theses and Dissertations
Financial security in retirement is an important social issue, yet many affluent women may have behaviors, attitudes or perceptions that could be detrimental to their financial security—putting them at risk for poverty in their retirement years. A survey was developed and implemented in 2009 to investigate the behaviors, attitudes, and perceptions regarding financial management among affluent ($250,000 or more of household investable assets) United States women in their prime years (aged 50–69) to determine if Social Norms Theory could be applied to this population. Three hypotheses were tested: 1.) most affluent prime-of-life women have “healthy” financial behaviors and attitudes; 2.) …
Developmental Trajectories Of Physical And Relational Aggression And Their Relation To Delinquency And Substance Use In Adolescence, Denicia Titchner
Developmental Trajectories Of Physical And Relational Aggression And Their Relation To Delinquency And Substance Use In Adolescence, Denicia Titchner
Theses and Dissertations
Although researchers studying adolescent aggression have proposed a conceptual distinction between physical and relational aggression, there is contradictory evidence regarding the degree to which they differ in their trajectories and relations to other outcomes. This study explored the importance of differentiating between these two forms of aggression based on comparisons of their trajectories, relation with each other, impact on delinquency and substance use, and gender differences. Data were collected as part of the Multisite Violence Prevention Project, conducted at 19 middle schools from four sites with a predominantly low-income, minority sample of students (N = 2,822). Growth curves showed significant …
Suc Khoe La Quan Trong Hon Sac Dep! Health Is Better Than Beauty! Improving Breast And Cervical Cancer Screening Outcomes Among Vietnamese Women, Anh Nguyen
Theses and Dissertations
Vietnamese women experience cancer screening disparities and inconsistent adherence to screening guidelines. The goal of this study was to implement and evaluate a breast and cervical cancer screening intervention to promote cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, intention, and behavior for Vietnamese women. Secondary objectives of the study included examining the relationships between cultural variables (e.g., acculturation, ethnic identity, religiosity, and collectivism) and cancer screening variables. The study enrolled 102 women from the greater Richmond metropolitan area. Participants were assigned to an intervention group or a print material control group. In the intervention session, participants were exposed to information on female …
Assessment Of Diabetes Regimen Disease Care In Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Via The Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale And The 24-Hour Diabetes Interview, Kathryn Maher
Theses and Dissertations
The psychometric properties of two measures of diabetes disease care, the Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) and the 24-hr Diabetes Interview (24-hr) were evaluated. The 24-hr is a widely used, structured interview while the DBRS is a self-administered, fixed-choice questionnaire. Both measures were administered to 250 youth with Type 1 Diabetes (aged 11–14 years) and their parents. Overall, both measures demonstrate adequate psychometric properties. The DBRS and the 24-hr demonstrated good incremental validity and low convergent validity with each adding significant additive value. Both measures demonstrated good concurrent validity with HbA1c. As expected, scores on the 24-hr demonstrated less than …
What It Means To Be A Man: Masculinity, Sexual Risk-Taking, And Hiv Testing Behavior Among Heterosexual African American Males, Jessica Johnson
What It Means To Be A Man: Masculinity, Sexual Risk-Taking, And Hiv Testing Behavior Among Heterosexual African American Males, Jessica Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
HIV/AIDS is a growing concern in the African American community. From 2005 to 2008, there was a 12% increase in HIV/AIDS diagnoses among African Americans (CDC, 2010a). African American males have higher rates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses than any other ethnic or racial groups. In 2006, 65% of the HIV/AIDS cases among African Americans were from adult males (CDC, 2010a). These higher rates are in part attributed to higher levels of sexual risk-taking including unprotected sex, sex with multiple partners, and sex with high-risk partners. African American adult men get tested at almost the same rate (52%) as African American women …
Objectionable Team Nicknames: Determining The Likelihood Of Selling The Issue Of Banning Them In Virginia High Schools, Pamela Taylor
Objectionable Team Nicknames: Determining The Likelihood Of Selling The Issue Of Banning Them In Virginia High Schools, Pamela Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored the personal and situational factors that contribute to a high school principal's willingness to sell the issue of objectionable team nicknames to their school division administration for the purposes of banning them. Based on the literature review, nine hypotheses were developed regarding the factors that influence the issue-selling process in a centralized, hierarchical organization. The issue-selling model utilized in this study suggested that organizational support, top management openness, organizational norms, probability of success, and image risk would be determinants of willingness to sell the issue (Mullen, 2005). This study utilized a mixed-method research design. Personal interviews were …
Sweet Mercy: A Scientific Investigation, Aubrey Gartner
Sweet Mercy: A Scientific Investigation, Aubrey Gartner
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the following studies is to understand the factors that are related to and influence a person’s merciful behavior toward an offender. I define mercy as an act by a person who has the authority to do so that administers or recommends less negative consequence or punishment than is deserved by someone justly deserved. In Study 1, undergraduate students (N = 400) completed the Mercy Meter, a self-report measure of mercy. The Mercy Meter’s scale structure and psychometric properties were examined using Item Response Theory Rasch Analysis. A 14-item, 2-factor scale was established with good psychometric properties. Evidence …
Adapting Evidence-Based Treatments For Youth In A Community Mental Health Setting: Single Case Design, Alexis Quinoy
Adapting Evidence-Based Treatments For Youth In A Community Mental Health Setting: Single Case Design, Alexis Quinoy
Theses and Dissertations
This single-case design study examined the effectiveness of adapting evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for children in a community clinic through a university-community partnership. Community clinic therapists treated eight youths (five males), ages 10 to 14, of whom four were Caucasian, two were Latino, one was African-American, and one was Caucasian/African-American. Youths presented with a primary diagnosis of a DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) internalizing disorder (plus multiple comorbidities). An adapted treatment combining multiple elements based on two primary treatment manuals: Coping Cat (Kendall et al., 1990) and PASCET (Weisz et al., 1999) was used. Youths with comorbid externalizing symptoms were also …
A Municipal Exigency: An Exploration Of The Correlation Of Physical And Social Incivilities On The Decline Of Residential Property Values In Richmond, Va, Jay Brown
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines the correlation between incivilities, indicators of urban blight, and single-family residential property values in the City of Richmond, Virginia. Through the utilization of a mixed methods research methodology, this dissertation assesses whether specific incivilities, structural characteristics of properties, or community demographics have an adverse influence on property values. Three separate methodologies were utilized in this research including a time series assessment, focus group and individual interviews, and a cross sectional design. The findings from the time series analysis indicate that property values increased every year over a five year period and that there were variances in property …
The Influence Of Perceptual Accuracy On Willingness To Seek Help Among College Freshmen, Kathryn Conley
The Influence Of Perceptual Accuracy On Willingness To Seek Help Among College Freshmen, Kathryn Conley
Theses and Dissertations
OBJECTIVE: The current study explored the applicability of the social norms approach to a new domain of study: psychological help-seeking. A number of questions that must be answered to determine whether the social norms model can be applied effectively to the help-seeking domain guided the study. METHOD: Data were collected from freshmen at five colleges and universities in the Mid-Atlantic region (N = 3021) during freshman orientation week. The study used a cross sectional design to examine personal attitudes and behaviors related to help-seeking as well as perceptions about others’ attitudes and behaviors related to help-seeking. RESULTS: Most participants reported …
Relations Between Violence Exposure, Threat Appraisal, And Coping Among Typologies Of Victimized Adolescents, Katherine Taylor
Relations Between Violence Exposure, Threat Appraisal, And Coping Among Typologies Of Victimized Adolescents, Katherine Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
According to the transactional theory of stress and coping, threat appraisals influence coping and adjustment. Previous research has shown that threat appraisals mediate relations between violence exposure and adjustment, but few studies have examined links between threat appraisals and coping. The current study examined relations between violence exposure, threat appraisals, and coping among typologies of victimized adolescents. The sample included 159 predominately African American adolescents (M = 12.1). Path analyses were used to test whether threats of negative evaluation by self and others mediated relations between violence exposure and avoidance and positive reframing coping, respectively. Results did not indicate mediation …
Predicting The Diffusion Of Next Generation 9-1-1 In The Commonwealth Of Virginia: An Application Using The Deployment Of Wireless E9-1-1 Technologies, Dorothy Spears-Dean
Predicting The Diffusion Of Next Generation 9-1-1 In The Commonwealth Of Virginia: An Application Using The Deployment Of Wireless E9-1-1 Technologies, Dorothy Spears-Dean
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the deployment of Wireless E9-1-1 Phase One and Wireless E9-1-1 Phase Two as a diffusion of innovation. The research method used in this study is a cross-sectional study employing secondary data in a discriminant function analysis. The study population is Virginia units of local governments (95 counties and 39 cities) that had not deployed Wireless E9-1-1 Phase One or Wireless E9-1-1 Phase Two as of January 1, 2001. The period of time included in this study is from 2001 to 2006. The purpose of the study is to assess the overall accuracy of the three principle theories …
Do Body Image And Gender Role Attitudes Mediate The Relationship Between Media Exposure And Sexual Risk Behavior In College Students?, Vivian Rodriguez
Do Body Image And Gender Role Attitudes Mediate The Relationship Between Media Exposure And Sexual Risk Behavior In College Students?, Vivian Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
Despite growing awareness of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and educational efforts to provide accurate information about sexually transmitted diseases (STD), young adults continue to engage in risky sexual practices that increase their vulnerability of acquiring an STD, including inconsistent condom use. Research has gathered ample evidence to suggest that the media, in particular television consumption, is directly linked with sexual risk, yet less is known about the potential mechanisms that may be driving this link. The present study examines body image and gender role attitudes as two potential mediators of this relationship. Three-hundred and four undergraduate students (73% female; 64% White) …
Organizational Culture And Partnership Process: A Grounded Theory Study Of Community-Campus Partnerships, Kready Sharon Foreman
Organizational Culture And Partnership Process: A Grounded Theory Study Of Community-Campus Partnerships, Kready Sharon Foreman
Theses and Dissertations
Community engagement initiatives have experienced an increase in attention, appreciation, and participation among those in academic, nonprofit, and other community-based organizations over the past two decades. The purpose of this study is to explore the meanings of community-campus partnerships among stakeholders in the community and in academia towards the goal of generating a theory grounded in these data that will concomitantly contribute to the social work profession and the community engagement movement. Using as its foundation the shared interest among the social work profession and the community engagement movement on values and ethics, this study utilizes a traditional grounded theory …
Violations Of The Divine: Forgiveness Of Ingroup Transgressors Within Church Congregations Of The Christian Faith, Chelsea Greer
Violations Of The Divine: Forgiveness Of Ingroup Transgressors Within Church Congregations Of The Christian Faith, Chelsea Greer
Theses and Dissertations
Research on forgiveness has been expanding rapidly in the last decade with a subset of studies looking at how religious people forgive. A discrepancy persists between Christians’ level of valuing forgiveness and forgiveness of actual transgressions. Several methodological issues and offense-specific variables have been presented as explanations. This present thesis examines the role of the congregation as a group identity, and applies it to a theory of relational spirituality, as a measure of the relationship between a victim and the Sacred. No existing research has polled congregants about offense-specific forgiveness of church peers. I collected data from members of Christian …
Age Differences In Long-Term Adjustment And Psychosocial Outcomes In A Large Multi-Site Sample 5-10 Years After Heart Transplant, Andrea Shamaskin
Age Differences In Long-Term Adjustment And Psychosocial Outcomes In A Large Multi-Site Sample 5-10 Years After Heart Transplant, Andrea Shamaskin
Theses and Dissertations
Research on age differences in heart transplant patients has focused primarily on medical outcomes, with mixed findings regarding mortality and morbidity rates and limited research regarding age differences in psychosocial and quality of life outcomes. To gain a more complete understanding of psychosocial adjustment after heart transplant, this study examined age differences in: satisfaction with quality of life, satisfaction with social support, depressive symptoms, negative affect, symptom distress, stress related to heart transplant, overall health functioning, coping strategies, and aspects of adherence. Results indicate that older patients, compared to younger patients, report better adjustment and quality of life across numerous …
The Discrepancy Between Subjective And Objective Measures Of Sleep In Older Adults Receiving Cbt For Comorbid Insomnia, Hannah Lund
Theses and Dissertations
Clinical research on insomnia has observed that many individuals with this sleep disorder exhibit a significant discrepancy between their subjective reports of symptom severity and objective measures of the same parameters. This study sought to more closely examine this discrepancy by comparing sleep diary estimates with polysomnography data in a population of 60 older adults with comorbid insomnia. Consistent with previous research, results show that participants significantly underestimated sleep efficiency and total sleep time and significantly overestimated sleep onset latency. Participants receiving CBT-I exhibited significantly reduced discrepancy at post-treatment, particularly with regard to sleep latency, compared to those in a …
Determinants Of Clergy Behaviors Promoting Safety Of Battered Korean Immigrant Women, Yoon Joon Choi
Determinants Of Clergy Behaviors Promoting Safety Of Battered Korean Immigrant Women, Yoon Joon Choi
Theses and Dissertations
Studies have shown that not only are clergy members the first persons from whom battered women seek help, but also a great number of clergy counsel battered women every year (Martin, 1989; Rotunda, Williamson, & Penfold, 2004). The role of the church and clergy are especially critical for the Korean immigrant community in the U.S. because Korean immigrants greatly underutilize existing services and rely heavily on their respective churches for assistance with various issues, including domestic violence (Boodman, 2007; Kim, 1997). Korean churches and clergy members have the potential to be active partners in providing intervention services and to serve …
Experience Of Supervision Scale: The Development Of An Instrument To Measure Child Welfare Workers' Experience Of Supervisory Behaviors, Mary Parente
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to develop and test the Experience of Supervision Scale, which measures the experience of supervisory behaviors from the perspective of child welfare workers. Child welfare supervision is gaining increased attention as states struggle to improve performance measures of their child welfare systems. However, the lack of a standardized instrument which measures supervision through an analysis of supervisory behaviors from the supervisee’s perspective has hindered efforts in these areas. The Experience of Supervision Scale is based on Kadushin’s three function casework supervision model of supervision (administrative, educational, and supportive) which was chosen as the theoretical …
Relations Among Media, Eating Pathology And Body Dissatisfaction In College Women, Carrie Bair
Relations Among Media, Eating Pathology And Body Dissatisfaction In College Women, Carrie Bair
Theses and Dissertations
Research has identified a relation between exposure to thin-ideal magazine and television media images and eating disorder pathology. However, few studies have examined the potential influence of Internet media on eating disorder behaviors and attitudes. This study investigated the associations among appearance-orientated media exposure, body dissatisfaction, eating pathology and thin-ideal internalization in a sample of 421 female undergraduate students. Results indicate that undergraduate women spend significantly more time viewing appearance-oriented sources online, rather than reading appearance-orientated magazines. Appearance-oriented Internet consumption was also more strongly associated with eating disorder pathology than was use of other media (television and magazines). Relations between …
The Alliance-Outcome Association In Cbt And Usual Care For Youth Depression Delivered In Community Settings, Shelley Avny
The Alliance-Outcome Association In Cbt And Usual Care For Youth Depression Delivered In Community Settings, Shelley Avny
Theses and Dissertations
The child-therapist alliance is believed to be a critical ingredient of successful psychotherapy for youth depression. However, only a few studies have examined the association between the alliance and clinical outcomes in the treatment of youth depression. The present thesis examined the alliance-outcome association in two treatments for youth depression: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and usual clinical care (UC). Data were from an effectiveness trial conducted in six community clinics (see Weisz et al., 2009). Forty-one youth were randomly assigned to receive CBT or UC from community clinicians. The observed early alliance, alliance shifts, and self-reported alliance did not significantly predict …
Analyzing The Association Of Certificate Of Need Regulationson Volume And Quality Indicators For Heart And Kidney Transplantation, Courtney Cosby
Analyzing The Association Of Certificate Of Need Regulationson Volume And Quality Indicators For Heart And Kidney Transplantation, Courtney Cosby
Theses and Dissertations
States have historically used Certificate of Need (CON) regulations to regulate cost, quality, and access to healthcare services. Federally mandated in 1974, the regulation required the states to review requests for new healthcare construction and services. In theory, community-level planning backed by the state-level CON review and health planning process would prevent unnecessary duplication of services and the accompanying costs (Smith-Mellot, 2004). However, none of the published studies have examined the association of CON regulation on volume and outcomes of solid organ transplants. In 1984, the federal mandate ended, and each state was allowed to determine whether or not to …
Mediating And Moderating Factors In Associations Between Physical And Relational Victimization And Social And Academic Competence Among Urban Adolescents, Lisa Ulmer
Theses and Dissertations
Peer victimization is prevalent among school-aged youth and is associated with difficulties including decreased academic and social competence. Although relations between victimization and academic and social competence have been examined, fewer studies have considered how underlying processes linking these constructs are related or whether relations differ for adolescent subgroups. The current study’s purpose was to examine potential mediating and moderating effects in associations between physical and relational victimization and academic and social competence. Participants included a predominantly African American sample of 271 adolescents participating in a longitudinal violence prevention project. Path models showed significant negative associations between teacher-rated physical victimization …