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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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2008

University of Wollongong

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Articles 31 - 60 of 575

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

In Vivo Measurement Of Internal And Global Macromolecular Motions In E. Coli, M. Jasnin, M. Moulin, M. Haertlein, G. Zaccai, M. Tehei Mar 2008

In Vivo Measurement Of Internal And Global Macromolecular Motions In E. Coli, M. Jasnin, M. Moulin, M. Haertlein, G. Zaccai, M. Tehei

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

We present direct quasielastic neutron scattering measurements, in vivo, of macromolecular dynamics in E. coli. The experiments were performed on a wide range of time-scales, to cover the large panel of internal and self-diffusion motions. Three major internal processes were extracted at physiological temperature: a fast picosecond (ps) process that corresponded to restricted jump diffusion motions, and two slower processes that resulted from reorientational motions occurring in about 40 ps and 90 ps, respectively. The analysis of the fast process revealed that the cellular environment leads to an appreciable increase in internal molecular flexibility and diffusive motion rates compared to …

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“Objectivity” And “Hard News” Reporting Across Cultures: Comparing The News Report In English, French, Japanese And Indonesian Journalism., Elizabeth A. Thomson, P R. White, P. Kitley Mar 2008

“Objectivity” And “Hard News” Reporting Across Cultures: Comparing The News Report In English, French, Japanese And Indonesian Journalism., Elizabeth A. Thomson, P R. White, P. Kitley

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This paper is concerned with comparisons of the language of hard news reporting across languages and cultures. Within English-language journalism, authorial “neutrality” and use of the “inverted pyramid” structure are frequently seen to be distinctive features of the modern hard news report and one of the grounds by which journalists assert the “objectivity” of their writing. This paper proposes a framework for investigating these notions linguistically and cross-linguistically, i.e. by reference to systematically observable features of the language and the text organizational structures used in the hard news reporting of different journalistic traditions. The paper reports that what might be …

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Opacity Factor Activity And Epithelial Cell Binding By The Serum Opacity Factor Protein Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Are Functionally Discrete, C. M. Gillen, H. S. Courtney, K. Schulze, M. Rohde, Mark R. Wilson, A. M. Timmer, C. A. Guzman, V. Nizet, G. S. Chhatwal, Mark J. Walker Mar 2008

Opacity Factor Activity And Epithelial Cell Binding By The Serum Opacity Factor Protein Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Are Functionally Discrete, C. M. Gillen, H. S. Courtney, K. Schulze, M. Rohde, Mark R. Wilson, A. M. Timmer, C. A. Guzman, V. Nizet, G. S. Chhatwal, Mark J. Walker

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Serum opacity factor (SOF) is a unique multifunctional virulence determinant expressed at the surface of Streptococcus pyogenes and has been shown to elicit protective immunity against GAS infection in a murine challenge model. SOF consists of two distinct domains with different binding capacities: an N-terminal domain that binds apolipoprotein AI and a C-terminal repeat domain that binds fibronectin and fibrinogen. The capacity of SOF to opacify serum by disrupting the structure of high density lipoproteins may preclude its use as a vaccine antigen in humans. This study generated mutant forms of recombinant SOF with reduced (100-fold) or abrogated opacity factor …

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A Commentary On 'The Order Of Teaching Accounting Topics - Why Do Most Textbooks End With The Beginning?', A. Abraham Mar 2008

A Commentary On 'The Order Of Teaching Accounting Topics - Why Do Most Textbooks End With The Beginning?', A. Abraham

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper deals with an issue of relevance to all those involved in teaching accounting from a student-centred perspective – the order in which topics should be introduced to students in an introductory accounting subject. The stated purpose of the paper is “to stimulate debate” (p. 9). In order to do this, the author presents an argument for her proposed ordering for the introduction of topics and then reports the results of her analysis of the sequencing of chapters in twenty three selected textbooks. These two distinct sections of the paper will be discussed first separately and then drawn together …

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Survival Strategies And Characteristics Of Start-Ups: An Empirical Study From The New Zealand It Industry, Shamika Almeida, Mario Fernando Mar 2008

Survival Strategies And Characteristics Of Start-Ups: An Empirical Study From The New Zealand It Industry, Shamika Almeida, Mario Fernando

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an exploratory study on the characteristics of New Zealand start up IT firms that survived the dot.com collapse. The paper is based on the in-depth interviews of nine entrepreneurs of start-up IT firms in New Zealand. The findings reveal how moderate strategy types influence survival, and what core organizational characteristics influenced the realisation of these strategies. These findings indicate that the firms that survived projected characteristics of holistic strategic balance, mastering resources and unifying focus. Successful firms made purposeful choices on resource allocations and realized moderately simple strategies. In …

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Somatic Mutation And The Antarctic Ozone Hole, L. J. Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, D. J. Ayre Mar 2008

Somatic Mutation And The Antarctic Ozone Hole, L. J. Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, D. J. Ayre

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

1 Previous studies of Antarctic clonal moss populations using RAPD markers have reported extraordinarily high levels of genetic variation. This has been claimed to reflect somatic mutation, possibly resulting from elevated UV-B radiation. 2 Our study used microsatellite markers to compare the genetic variation present within continental Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and temperate populations of the moss Ceratodon purpureus. 3 In contrast to the RAPD studies, microsatellite data revealed that C. purpureus populations from continental Antarctica display less intra-population genetic diversity than populations from a range of temperate and sub-Antarctic sites. 4 Analysis of Molecular Variation (AMOVA) revealed that populations within the …

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La Cinematografia Nazionale Australiana Nella Seconda Metà Del Novecento E La Rappresentazione Del Fenomeno Migratorio Non Angloceltico, Gitano Rando Mar 2008

La Cinematografia Nazionale Australiana Nella Seconda Metà Del Novecento E La Rappresentazione Del Fenomeno Migratorio Non Angloceltico, Gitano Rando

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

Although a significant minority of Australia’s population is of non angloceltic origin, Australia’s national cinema has consistently understated the impact and the multiple ramifications of the migration experiences of the many ethnic groups constituting Australia society. Initially geared, in the 1950s, to projecting an image of Australia as an all-accepting earthly paradise, films and documentaries produced up to the end of the 1970s present themes that underscore the superiority of Australian values and the need for the many ethnic groups that have settled in the country to assimilate into mainstream society. It is only in the last part of the …

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Solvent Isotope Effect On Macromolecular Dynamics In E. Coli, M. Jasnin, M. Tehei, M. Moulin, M. Haertlein, G. Zaccai Feb 2008

Solvent Isotope Effect On Macromolecular Dynamics In E. Coli, M. Jasnin, M. Tehei, M. Moulin, M. Haertlein, G. Zaccai

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

Elastic incoherent neutron scattering was used to explore solvent isotope effects on average macromolecular dynamics in vivo. Measurements were performed on living E. coli bacteria containing H2O and D2O, respectively, close to physiological conditions of temperature. Global macromolecular flexibility, expressed as mean square fluctuation (MSF) values, and structural resilience in a free energy potential, expressed as a mean effective force constant, hk0i, were extracted in the two solvent conditions. They referred to the average contribution of all macromolecules inside the cell, mostly dominated by the internal motions of the protein fraction. Flexibility and resilience were both found to be smaller …

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Synchronicity Of Thermogenic Activity, Alternative Pathway Respiratory Flux, Aox Protein Content, And Carbohydrates In Receptacle Tissues Of Sacred Lotus During Floral Development, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson Feb 2008

Synchronicity Of Thermogenic Activity, Alternative Pathway Respiratory Flux, Aox Protein Content, And Carbohydrates In Receptacle Tissues Of Sacred Lotus During Floral Development, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

The relationships between heat production, alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway flux, AOX protein, and carbohydrates during floral development in Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) were investigated. Three distinct physiological phases were identified: pre-thermogenic, thermogenic, and post-thermogenic. The shift to thermogenic activity was associated with a rapid, 10-fold increase in AOX protein. Similarly, a rapid decrease in AOX protein occurred post-thermogenesis. This synchronicity between AOX protein and thermogenic activity contrasts with other thermogenic plants where AOX protein increases some days prior to heating. AOX protein in thermogenic receptacles was significantly higher than in post-thermogenic and leaf tissues. Stable oxygen isotope measurements confirmed that the …

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Price And Demand: What Do 3pl Customers Really Want?, Tim Coltman Feb 2008

Price And Demand: What Do 3pl Customers Really Want?, Tim Coltman

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Successful companies understand what their customers want and are able to reverse engineer their supply chains to meet this demand in ways that make business sense. Less successful companies often find it hard to obtain a good understanding of what their customer’s value, and spend considerable time hustling to do things that are not fully appreciated by their customers. The lessons here are quite straightforward; rewards accrue to those organizations that are “best” able to match “appropriate” supply chain activities to the latent needs of their customers.

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Globalization, Electronic Empire, And The Virtual Geography Of Korea’S Information And Telecommunications Infrastructure, Kwang-Suk Lee Feb 2008

Globalization, Electronic Empire, And The Virtual Geography Of Korea’S Information And Telecommunications Infrastructure, Kwang-Suk Lee

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

The present study focuses on the electronic infrastructural condition for current global capitalism. This study briefly surveys the genealogy of globalization theories, focusing especially on Marxist interpretations of capital accumulation on a global scale. The study situates the historical- geographical condition of South Korea’s informatization in relation to the new world system which Hardt and Negri have described as ‘empire’, the replacement for classical imperialism. Based on this concept of ‘empire’, the article explores how Korea has been rapidly and successfully incorporated into the imperial network by mobilizing its citizens toward high-speed telecom mobility and connectivity across the country. It …

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The Struggle To Develop Accounting Practices In The Australian Girl Guides, 1945-9: A Microhistorical Approach, A. Abraham Feb 2008

The Struggle To Develop Accounting Practices In The Australian Girl Guides, 1945-9: A Microhistorical Approach, A. Abraham

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

There has been limited accounting history research in the areas of nonprofit organisations and women in a non-business environment. This paper addresses these two gaps by considering accounting history in a large female-managed nonprofit organisation, the Australian Girl Guides Association (GGA). To do this the paper uses a microhistorical reconstruction of an individual to penetrate underlying motivations (Parker, 1999, p. 31) and to allow the reader “to draw conclusions from a story that illustrates a fragment of peoples’ lives and activities” (Williams, 1999, p. 75) by revealing what would otherwise be unknown about the struggle to develop appropriate accounting practices …

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The Corporate Assault On Democracy, Sharon Beder Jan 2008

The Corporate Assault On Democracy, Sharon Beder

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

The revolutionary shift that we are witnessing at the beginning of the 21st Century from democracy to corporate rule is as significant as the shift from monarchy to democracy, which ushered in the modern age of nation states. It represents a wholesale change in cultural values and aspirations.

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Rage Against The Machine? Symbolic Violence In E-Learning Supported Tertiary Education, N. F. Johnson, David C. Macdonald, T. M. Brabazon Jan 2008

Rage Against The Machine? Symbolic Violence In E-Learning Supported Tertiary Education, N. F. Johnson, David C. Macdonald, T. M. Brabazon

Faculty of Education - Papers (Archive)

The move toward online course facilitation in tertiary education has the intent of providing education at any time in any place to any person. However, the advent of blended learning and e-learning innovations has ostracised, marginalised or ignored those who cannot afford or who are unable to access the latest hardware and software to take advantage of these opportunities. The Web 2.0 age is an era of assumptions: assumptions of participation, literacy and democracy. Yet such inferences are based on the need for high-speed Internet connections, and the latest computers are standard requirements. Those without the ability to access these …

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Models Of Trust-Sharing In Chinese Private Enterprises, Zhong Qin, Guibin Zhang Jan 2008

Models Of Trust-Sharing In Chinese Private Enterprises, Zhong Qin, Guibin Zhang

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents two related models of development patterns of Chinese private enterprises. They illustrate incentive-based reasons for ownership arrangements of private enterprises, and highlight how institutional foundations of trust, particularly government and family-based cultural values, play an important role in influencing the development of private enterprises. These models attempt to explain why government and family-based culture are crucial for the ownership structure and management of private enterprises. The main argument in the models is that the structure of family businesses can be viewed, in essence, as a form of trust-sharing (Guanxi-sharing) arrangement within the firm. Furthermore, the increase in …

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Resource Price Shocks And Macroeconomic Adjustment For A Resource Exporter: Some Preliminary Results, Grant M. Cox, Charles Harvie Jan 2008

Resource Price Shocks And Macroeconomic Adjustment For A Resource Exporter: Some Preliminary Results, Grant M. Cox, Charles Harvie

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The increased demand for energy and other resources in global markets, particularly arising from the rapidly developing economies of China and India, has recently produced considerable turbulence in resource prices including, most obviously, that of oil. Given the recent magnitude of change in resource prices, the macroeconomic implications of this for resource producing and exporting economies and resource importing economies is of now considerable contemporary importance. This paper develops a dynamic macroeconomic model for a resource producing and exporting economy, with the objective of capturing the key macroeconomic developments that are likely to arise from an increase in the price …

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Simulation Down Under, Matthew P. Pepper, Trevor A. Spedding Jan 2008

Simulation Down Under, Matthew P. Pepper, Trevor A. Spedding

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper provides a brief literature review of the current applications of simulation in Australia. The paper identi-fies areas that use simulation modeling and dynamic tools for growth and improvement, while also highlighting opportunities for future applications of simulation. The simulation applications highlighted in this paper are focused on some of the most significant issues facing Australia today.

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Linking Attitudes And Demographics In A Tourist Segmentation Model - A Two-Stage Approach, Uraiporn Kattiyapornpong, Kenneth E. Miller Jan 2008

Linking Attitudes And Demographics In A Tourist Segmentation Model - A Two-Stage Approach, Uraiporn Kattiyapornpong, Kenneth E. Miller

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Segmentation has been widely studied in tourism research e.g. Dolnicar (2004). Dawley (2006) points that commonly used segmentation variables such as demographics lead to identifiable segments which are not actionable while other useful approaches e.g. psychographics, are actionable but not identifiable. The objective of this paper is to develop a two-stage linkage approach to segmentation whereby cluster analysis using psychographic variables is conducted within demographic group. Demographic groups are selected based on propensity to travel. This research utilizes data generated from a cross-sectional self-completed survey of 49,105 Australian respondents on travel and tourism. The managerial usefulness of this segmentation is …

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Fitting Finite Mixtures Of Linear Mixed Models With The Em Algorithm, Bettina Grun Jan 2008

Fitting Finite Mixtures Of Linear Mixed Models With The Em Algorithm, Bettina Grun

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Finite mixtures of linear mixed models are increasily applied in differentareas of application. They conveniently allow to account for correlations betweenobservations from the same individual and to model unobserved heterogeneity betweenindividuals at the same time. Different variants of the EM algorithm arepossible for maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. In this paper two different versionsfor fitting this model class are presented. One variant of the EM algorithmrequires weighted ML estimation. As this fitting method might not be readily availablein standard software sufficient conditions which allow to transform a weightedinto an unweighted ML estimation problem are derived.

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Call Auction Transparency And Market Liquidity, Evidence From The Shanghai Stock Exchange, Gary G. Tian, Dionigi Gerace, Alex Frino Jan 2008

Call Auction Transparency And Market Liquidity, Evidence From The Shanghai Stock Exchange, Gary G. Tian, Dionigi Gerace, Alex Frino

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper examines the impact of pre-trade information transparency in pre-open call auction on market liquidity on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE). We examine the natural experiment affected by the Shanghai Stock Exchange in July 2006 when it changed its pre-open auction algorithm from an entirely black box into a limited transparent system with a closed order book. We find that the increase in pre-trade information transparency coincides with a statistically significant reduction in spread at the best quotes. The reduction in spread persists even after controlling for known determinants of depth. Furthermore, there is also evidence of a statistically …

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An Analysis Of The Financial Services Regulations Of Australia, Shyam S. Bhati Jan 2008

An Analysis Of The Financial Services Regulations Of Australia, Shyam S. Bhati

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse various aspects of Australian Financial Services Regulation in terms of Llewellyn’s Theory of Financial Services Regulation and offer suggestions for the improvement of FSR based on the analysis. A discussion based approach is used to conduct this analysis. It is observed that the FSR Act, 2001 of Australia does not cover credit products thereby leaving an important segment of the market outside the purview of the Act. The policies developed by Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) on FSR Act relies on Industry self regulation as mechanism of creating trust and …

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Corporate Social Responsibility Website Representations: A Longitudinal Study Of Internal And External Self-Presentations, Debra Z. Basil, Jill Erlandson Jan 2008

Corporate Social Responsibility Website Representations: A Longitudinal Study Of Internal And External Self-Presentations, Debra Z. Basil, Jill Erlandson

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This research undertakes a longitudinal study to assess the representation of CSR activities on Canadian companies' websites. A systematic sample of the websites of 159 companies from Canada's top 1000 was assessed in 2003 and 2006. Results reveal that only 27% expressed some form of CSR activity in 2003, compared to 67% in 2006. Based on a frame from Weaver, Trevino, and Cochran (1999a), CSR activities are categorized as external or internal. A strong increase in internal CSR activities is evident. Companies that are more successful indicate more CSR activity on their websites; this effect is driven primarily by internal …

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Government And Family Guanxi In Chinese Private Enterprises, Guibin Zhang, Zhong Qin Jan 2008

Government And Family Guanxi In Chinese Private Enterprises, Guibin Zhang, Zhong Qin

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Domestic private enterprises have dramatically re-emerged in China's unique transition from a planned to a market-oriented economy, where the private sector plays an increasingly important role. Over the last quarter of a century, there has been a decline in 'red-hat' enterprises and an increased dominance of family businesses among private enterprises.This paper employs the concept of trust, which stems from traditional culture and comprises two important components (government and family), to investigate the changing patterns of corporate governance. The core argument of this paper is that family trust is replacing government trust within Chinese private enterprises. The study of the …

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Segmenting The Senior Travel Market By Means Of Travel Motivation - Insights From A Mature Market (Switzerland), Philipp E. Boksberger, Christian Laesser Jan 2008

Segmenting The Senior Travel Market By Means Of Travel Motivation - Insights From A Mature Market (Switzerland), Philipp E. Boksberger, Christian Laesser

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The paper reports on the segmentation of Swiss senior travellers on the basis of their travel motivation. Switzerland is considered a mature market which is why this country serves as a role model for future travel behaviour. In contrast to previous studies, which identified up to six clusters, the results reveal that in the case analysed there are three clusters. Two of them partially represent a life cycle concept: TIME HONOURED BON VIVANTS (phase 1; towards the end of a professional life), and GRIZZLED EXPLORERS (phase 2; from the start of a retired life). These two segments are complemented by …

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Just Don't Call Me A Feminist: Senior And Junior Women Managers' Perceptions Of Communication Dilemmas At Work, Mary Barrett Jan 2008

Just Don't Call Me A Feminist: Senior And Junior Women Managers' Perceptions Of Communication Dilemmas At Work, Mary Barrett

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Barrett (2004) found senior women managers evaluated workplace communication strategiesdifferently according to whether they thought a man or a woman was using the strategy. Butorganisationally junior younger women often reject overt feminist standpoints and might evaluatethese strategies differently. To test this, 255 junior women managers evaluated strategies for the samedilemmas older women had. When evaluating strategies for short and medium term dilemmas (egbeing interrupted, getting credit for an idea), junior women managers evaluate less than older womenmanagers on the basis of the communicator's gender. However with longer term dilemmas (eg gettingachievements noticed for promotion), junior women managers avoid some strategies …

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Choice And Context In Studying Change, Creativity And Innovation At Work: Call Off The Search For Excellence, Question Combinational Perspectives, And Loosen The Straightjacket Of Polarised Views, Patrick M. Dawson Jan 2008

Choice And Context In Studying Change, Creativity And Innovation At Work: Call Off The Search For Excellence, Question Combinational Perspectives, And Loosen The Straightjacket Of Polarised Views, Patrick M. Dawson

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This article draws attention to debates on studying change, creativity and innovation at work. Attention is given to 'stable' and 'process' views of organizations and how these positions influence research objectives, methodological approach and findings. The paper is critical of those who seek to hold to a superior position - a one best approach for all; as well as those who seek the best from all worlds - a combinational approach that services both quantitative and qualitative research. In drawing on over 25 years of field research on change management, the paper also seeks to explore the broken links between …

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Wineries' Involvement In Promoting Tourism Online: The Case Of Texas, Leslie Rasch, Ulrike Gretzel Jan 2008

Wineries' Involvement In Promoting Tourism Online: The Case Of Texas, Leslie Rasch, Ulrike Gretzel

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Wine tourism has become an important driver of business for wineries in many regionsaround the world, while Texas wine regions are only starting to emerge as important tourism destinations.A study was conducted to investigate how effectively Texas wineries market tourism to their ownestablishments as well as in a regional context. A specific focus was placed on indications of collaborativewine tourism marketing practices on winery websites. The results indicate that wineries providebasic visitor information but are missing out on strategic opportunities to market wine tourism to theirareas.

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Applying A Consumer Perceptual Measure Of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Regional Australian Perspective, Robert Rugimbana, Ali Quazi, Byron Keating Jan 2008

Applying A Consumer Perceptual Measure Of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Regional Australian Perspective, Robert Rugimbana, Ali Quazi, Byron Keating

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

The study examines the patterns of perceptions of retail banking consumers in respect to banking services in regional Australia from a corporate social responsibility (CSR) perspective. A novel two-dimensional measure of corporate social responsibility was used for this purpose. Findings from the analysis of levels of contentment/discontentment of bank consumers are noteworthy. Contrary to popular belief, consumers in this study not only portrayed a diversity of opinions on the corporate social responsibility roles of banks, but also showed general support for the two main opposing views of CSR which represent the classical and the emerging perspectives. The implication of these …

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Global Staffing In Developing Countries: A Case Of American And Japanese Multinational Companies In Vietnam, Anne Cox Jan 2008

Global Staffing In Developing Countries: A Case Of American And Japanese Multinational Companies In Vietnam, Anne Cox

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

This paper addresses three research areas of global staffing: to determine the influences of the home country on multinational companies (MNCs) global staffing strategies at their overseas subsidiaries, how institutional and cultural distance affects the 'context generalisability' of global staffing policies; and how MNCs localize their human resources within their subsidiaries.

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The Dynamic Prediction Of Company Failure, Maria Kim, Graham Partington Jan 2008

The Dynamic Prediction Of Company Failure, Maria Kim, Graham Partington

Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive)

Across disciplines, and particularly in medicine, Cox’s proportional hazards model is one of the most popular models for analyzing survival. We use a Cox model with dynamic variables to estimate survival probabilities and make dynamic financial distress predictions for a large sample of Australian listed companies. This is one of relatively few studies to apply dynamic variables in forecasting financial distress. It is the first study to provide forecasts of survival probabilities using the Cox model with dynamic variables. In contrast to most bankruptcy studies using static models, our model’s predictive accuracy improves as the time horizon lengthens.

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