Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Preschool Children's Counterfactual Inferences: The Causal Length Effect Revisited, Amy Y. Chan, Jessica C. Scott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into young childrens counterfactual thinking is equivocal about how childrens counterfactual responses to causal events may be affected by the length of the causal inference required. This study examined the causal length effect in 3- and 4-year-old children (N=87). Children participated in two counterfactual inference tasks involving causally-related sequences of events. One task entailed counterfactual emotional judgements about the experience of characters in stories, whereas the other task entailed a counterfactual inference about a potential alternative outcome to a physical event. Children at each age level were randomly assigned to answer test questions that required a long, medium, or …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Financial Capability And Psychological Well-Being In Mothers Of Young Children In Poor Areas In England, Edward Melhuish, Jay Belsky, Antero Malin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Financial difficulties lead to financial distress that in turn may lead to poorer psychological well-being. Previous work on people's financial difficulties and capability indicates that those most vulnerable to financial difficulties may well suffer with regard to their psychological state. One particularly vulnerable group are families with young children in disadvantaged areas.

Influences On Children's Attainment And Progress In Key Stage 2: Social/Behavioural Outcomes In Year 6, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Helena Jelicic

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report describes the results of analyses on children's social/behavioural outcomes at the end of Key Stage 2 (11 years old) and investigates social/behavioural development across Key Stage 2 (from Year 2 to Year 6).

Influences On Children's Attainment And Progress In Key Stage 2: Cognitive Outcomes In Year 6, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Stephen Hunt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The report presents the results of analyses related to the primary school phase of a major longitudinal study investigating the influence of pre-school and primary school on children's development. Specifically, this report is concerned with children's cognitive attainments at the end of Year 6 when the children were aged eleven and their academic progress from the age of seven to eleven: Key Stage 2. The findings also extend and develop the findings from previous earlier ages.

Final Report From The Primary Phase: Pre-School, School And Family Influences On Children's Development During Key Stage 2 (7-11), Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Pam Sammons, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

EPPE 3-11 is a large study of the developmental trajectories of approximately 2800 children in England from age 3 to 11 years. This report focuses on the primary school phase, particularly Key Stage 2 (ages 7-11). Many children have prospered, leaving Key Stage 2 (at age 11) with confidence and armed with the skills they need to tackle learning in secondary school. However, some children moved onto secondary school with poor skills in key areas or with low self-image and aspiration. The EPPE 3-11 project set out to explain some of the reasons behind these different developmental trajectories.

Influences On Children's Cognitive And Social Development In Year 6, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Stephen Hunt, Helena Jelicic

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-School and Primary Education 3-11 project (EPPE 3-11) investigates the impact of background factors, pre-school and school experiences on a national sample of young children in England between the ages of 3 and 11 years. This Research Brief focuses on the relationships between various child, family, home, pre-school and primary school characteristics and children's subsequent cognitive (English and Mathematics) and social/behavioural outcomes ('Self-regulation', 'Pro-social' behaviour, 'Hyperactivity' and 'Anti-social' behaviour) at age 11 in Year 6 of primary school. It also investigates children's academic and developmental progress across Key Stage 2 (between Year 2 and Year 6). The brief …

Effective Pre-School And Primary Education 3-11 Project (Eppe 3-11) - Final Report From The Primary Phase: Pre-School, School And Family Influences On Children's Development During Key Stage 2 (7-11), Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Pam Sammons, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-school and Primary Education 3-11 project (EPPE 3-11) has studied pre-school and primary school experiences for a national sample of approximately 2,800 children in England between the ages of 3 and 11 years. This Research Brief summarises the key findings up to the end of primary school. It focuses on the relationships between child, family, home, pre-school and primary school characteristics and pupils' subsequent cognitive (Reading/English and Mathematics) and social/behavioural outcomes ('Self-regulation', 'Pro-social' behaviour, 'Hyperacti vity' and 'Anti-social' behaviour) at ages 10 and 11 in Years 5 and 6 of primary school. It also reports on associations between …

Effects Of Fully-Established Sure Start Local Programmes On 3-Year-Old Children And Their Families Living In England: A Quasi-Experimental Observational Study, Edward Melhuish, Jay Belsky, Alastair H. Leyland, Jacqueline Barnes

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) are area-based interventions to improve services for young children and their families in deprived communities, promote health and development, and reduce inequalities. We therefore investigated whether SSLPs affect the wellbeing of 3-year-old children and their families.

Methods

In a quasi-experimental observational study, we compared 5883 3-year-old children and their families from 93 disadvantaged SSLP areas with 1879 3-year-old children and their families from 72 similarly deprived areas in England who took part in the Millennium Cohort Study. We studied 14 outcomes—children's immunisations, accidents, language development, positive and negative social behaviours, and independence; parenting risk; …

The Big Fish Strikes Again But In A Different Place: Social Comparison Theory And Children With Special Needs, Roselyn May Dixon, Marjorie Seaton, Robert John Dixon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper will address the implications of Big-Fish Little Pond Effect (BFLPE) and social comparison theory and school placement of students with special needs. It made use of the PISA data base to determine if type of educational placement had an impact on the academic self-concept with children with special needs. Multiple regression techniques were used to delineate the relationships.

The Influence Of School And Teaching Quality On Children's Progress In Primary School, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Sofka Barreau, Yvonne Grabbe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-School and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) project investigates the impact of pre- school, primary school and the family on a range of outcomes for a national sample of 2500+ young children in England between the ages of 3 and 11 years. This Research Brief presents analyses drawing on detailed observations of primary teachers' classroom practices in a sub-sample of 125 classes attended by EPPE 3-11 children during the time they were in Year 5 of primary school (age 10 years). It investigates the relationships between different classroom-level practices and children's progress in cognitive (Reading and Maths) and …

Internet Food Marketing On Popular Children's Websites And Food Product Websites In Australia, Bridget P. Kelly, Katarzyna Bochynska, Kelly Kornman, Kathy Chapman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the nature and extent of food marketing on popular children’s websites and food product websites in Australia. Methods: Food product websites (n 119) and popular children’s websites (n 196) were selected based on website traffic data and previous research on frequently marketed food brands. Coding instruments were developed to capture food marketing techniques. All references to food on popular children’s websites were also classified as either branded or non-branded and according to food categories. Results: Websites contained a range of marketing features. On food product websites these marketing features included …

Do Australian Primary School Environments Affect Children's Playground Physical Activity Levels?, Anne-Maree Parrish, Donald Iverson, Kenneth Russell, Heather Yeatman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

You Are What Your Children Eat: Using Projective Techniques To Investigate Parents' Perceptions Of The Food Choices Parents Make For Their Children, Gary I. Noble, Sandra C. Jones, Danielle Mcvie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying reasons for parents' decisions about their children's diets. This study used the projective methodologies of picture response and third-person techniques (projective questioning), which are designed to elicit people's underlying motivations, beliefs, attitudes and concerns, particularly those beliefs which people find hard to articulate. We found a significant difference in parents' perceptions of the woman in the scenario in response to all four of the statements that related directly to food choices. This study provides support for the contention that parents reports of their intentions and behaviours regarding food choices for …