Social and Behavioral Sciences | Open Access Articles

A Well-Founded Semantics For Hybrid Mknf Knowledge Bases, Matthias Knorr, Jose Julio Alferes, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

In [10], hybrid MKNF knowledge bases have been proposed for combining open and closed world reasoning within the logics of minimal knowledge and negation as failure ([8]). For this powerful framework, we define a three-valued semantics and provide an alternating fixpoint construction for nondisjunctive hybrid MKNF knowledge bases. We thus provide a well-founded semantics which is a sound approximation of the cautious MKNF model semantics, and which also features improved computational properties. We also show that whenever the DL knowledge base part is empty, then the alternating fixpoint coincides with the classical well-founded model.

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Efficient Owl Reasoning With Logic Programs - Evaluations, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krotzsch, Pascal Hitzler, Michael Sintek, Denny Vrandecic

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

We report on efficiency evaluations concerning two different approaches to using logic programming for OWL [1] reasoning and show, how the two approaches can be combined.

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Automatic Composition Of Semantic Web Services Using Process Mediation, Zixin Wu, Karthik Gomadam, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu, Amit P. Sheth, John A. Miller

Kno.e.sis Publications

Web service composition has quickly become a key area of research in the services oriented architecture community. One of the challenges in composition is the existence of heterogeneities across independently created and autonomously managed Web service requesters and Web service providers. Previous work in this area either involved signiﬁcant human effort or in cases of the efforts seeking to provide largely automated approaches, overlooked the problem of data heterogeneities, resulting in partial solutions that would not support executable workﬂow for real-world problems. In this paper, we present a planning-based approach to solve both the process heterogeneity and data heterogeneity problems. …

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Embedding Metalib In Database Webpages: Usability Issues, Athena Hoeppner

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Introduction: Globalization, Social Justice, And Social Welfare, Frederick Fritz Macdonald, James Midgley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Although the literature on globalization has increased exponentially over the last decade, the term is still poorly defined and its many facets and complexities are under-appreciated. A major problem is the way the effects of globalization on social welfare have been reduced to simplistic, rhetorical statements that either condemn all aspects of globalization or uncritically extol its benefits. In reality, however, globalization has complex and paradoxical consequences for human well-being. For example, international trade is widely viewed by many progressive observers as being exploitative and unequal and many are appropriately critical of the way neo-liberal writers wax lyrical about its …

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Integrating Globalization Into The Social Work Curriculum, Karen Smith Rotabi, Denise Gammonley, Dorothy N. Gamble, Marie O. Weil

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The reality that social work is a global profession is explored. Authors encourage a broadening of social work education, moving beyond the traditional conception of"internationalized"to a "globalized" social work curriculum. Practical teaching strategies for a globalized perspective are presented with selected key concepts specifically applied to social policy, community practice, human behavior in the social environment, and sustainable development. Discussion includes macro-scale ethical considerations in a neoliberal economic system.

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Review Of Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention As Crime Control Policy. Peter W. Greenwood. Reviewed By Matthew T. Theriot., Matthew T. Theriot

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Peter W. Greenwood, Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention as Crime Control Policy. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2006, $37.00 hardcover.

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Review Of Children And Youth In Adoption, Orphanages And Foster Care: A Historical Handbook And Guide. Lori Askeland (Ed.). Reviewed By Albert J. Ellett., Alberta J. Ellett

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book review of Lori Askeland (Ed.). Children and Youth in Adoption, Orphanages and Foster Care: A Historical Handbook and Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006. $59.95 hardcover.

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Devolution, Discretion, And The Effect Of Local Political Values On Tanf Sanctioning, Richard C. Fording, Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

One of welfare reform's most significant consequences is the devolution of policy-making authority from the federal government and states to local governments and frontline workers. What is perhaps less often appreciated is that devolution of authority to state governments has been accompanied by a significant decentralization of policy-making authority within states. As a result, prior research has not given sufficient attention to local political context as a factor shaping program implementation. This article examines the effect of local political values on the use of sanctions to penalize welfare recipients. Analyzing administrative data from the Florida Department of Children and Families …

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"Everybody Else Ain't Your Father": Reproducing Masculinity In Cinematic Sports, 1975-2000, Marc A. Ouellette

English Faculty Publications

This essay stems from two cultural strands, which intersect in one cultural form, the sports film. The first of these is the figure of the "star," as opposed to hero, who is interested only in self promotion. The second strand, masculine nurturing, provides a direct counterpoint to the first. Sociologist Robert Connell explains that "In historically recent times, sport has come to be the leading definer of masculinity in mass culture" (54). In North America, sport plays an important and increasing role in our culture. Each of the four major sports leagues added teams in the last decade of the …

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A Taste Of Reality: Hunger In The United States, Jonathan White

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

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Zoo Research, Amanda Shyne

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

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Religious Influences On Work–Family Trade-Offs, Samantha K. Ammons

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Despite a large body of research on the influences of religion on family life and gender ideology, few studies examined how religion affects work—family strategies. One set of strategies involves making employment or family trade-offs—strategies of devoting time or attention to either work or family in a situation in which one cannot devote the preferred amount of time and attention to both, strategies that may be experienced as making sacrifices, hard choices, or accommodations. Using 1996 General Social Survey data, the authors analyze how religion affects employment and family trade-offs. They develop hypotheses about the institutional effects of religious involvement …

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"Bird In A Cage:" Exploring Transnational Immigrants' Identity Negotiations, Ewa Urban

Masters Theses

Recent research demonstrates that the experience of contemporary immigrants is largely defined by their continued efforts to maintain symbolic and/or physical connections with their homelands ( e.g., Levitt, 1998). This study explored how these transnational connections affect the negotiation of immigrants' multiple identities. To explore the fluidity and the multilayered nature of transnational identities, the communication theory of identity was utilized as a theoretical lens. This theory allowed for an understanding how immigrants enact salient aspects of their multiple identities across contexts and situations. Phenomenological methodology was used to explore immigrants' lived experiences and hear their voices both individually and …

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Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

In a seminal paper, Gibbons and Katz (1991) develop and empirically test an asymmetric information model of the labor market. The model predicts that wage losses following displacement should be larger for layoffs than for plant closings, which was borne out by data from the Displaced Workers Survey (DWS). In this paper, we take advantage of many more years of DWS data to examine how the difference in wage losses across plant closings and layoffs varies with race and gender. We find that the differences between white males and the other groups are striking and complex. The "lemons effect" of …

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2007 June Newsletter, Nancy Rockey

Human Subject Research Archive

No abstract provided.

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Behavioral Tolerance Under Variable Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement, Barry Eshkol Adelman

Dissertations

Previous studies (e.g., Hoffman, Branch, & Sizemore, 1987) have demonstrated that greater drug tolerance develops in responding under fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement when the schedule parameter is small than when it is large; little research has been done on related schedules such as variable-ratio (VR). In Experiment 1, three pigeons responded under a multiple FR 5 FR 125 VR 5 VR 125. A range of prechronic doses of cocaine produced dose-dependent reductions in response rates under the component schedules. Following chronic dosing with daily administrations of 5.6 mg/kg, similar dose-response curves were derived by substitutions of the usual dose. …

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A Qualitative Study Of Women Therapists’ Experiences Of Spirituality In The Counseling Process, Sharon A. Carney

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Implications Of Research On Expertise For Curriculum And Pedagogy, David F. Feldon

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Instruction on problem solving in particular domains typically relies on explanations from experts about their strategies. However, research indicates that such self-reports often are incomplete or inaccurate (e.g., Chao & Salvendy, 1994; Cooke & Breedin, 1994). This article evaluates research on experts’ cognition, the accuracy of experts’ self-reports, and the efficacy of instruction based on experts’ self-reports. Analysis of this evidence indicates that experts’ free recall of strategies introduces errors and omissions into instructional materials that hinder student success. In contrast, when experts engage in structured knowledge elicitation techniques (e.g., cognitive task analysis), the resultant instruction is more effective. Based …

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Research Authority In The Age Of Google: Equilibrium Sought, Mariana Regalado

Publications and Research

The article examines the major shift in the relationship of students, instructors and librarians to information. It is argued that this shift is due to some fundamental changes to authority in the relationship in terms of Web publication, access to content and technical know-how. In addition, it also discusses the impact of the introduction of the Google search engine.

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Global Energy Shifts: Fostering Stability In A Turbulent Age. Bruce Podobnik., Terry V. Shaw

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Book note for Bruce Podobnik, Global Energy Shifts: Fostering Stability in a Turbulent Age. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2006, $22.95 papercover.

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Issues In Nigeria's Transport Data For Planning And International Comparison, G.T. Arosanyin

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines the types, sources and shortcomings of transport data required for planning and international comparison in Nigeria. The paper found that transport data as published in Nigeria are deficient in terms of transport development indicators, projections, comprehensiveness, consistency, adequacy and classification accuracy, among others. For Nigeria's transport data to be very useful for planning and international comparison there is the need for the government to adequately fund transport surveys regularly; harmonize the functions of the various agencies responsible for transport data collection and publication and; computerize the data storage and retrieval system.

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Tariff And Factor Allocation In A Small Open Economy: Nigeria, T. B. Dipo, Elias A. Udeaja

Economic and Financial Review

This paper examines the likely impact of import tax reduction and its subsequent elimination on factor re-allocation under alternative exchange rate regimes in Nigeria. The study observed that the patterns of reallocation are quite qualitatively similar under alternative exchange rate regimes. Particular findings suggest that, under both exchange rate regimes, as import tariff is reduced progressively, the services industry loses labour employment to the manufacturing and agricultural sectors while the agricultural sector loses capital to both the manufacturing and service sectors. Under the different exchange rate regimes, the manufacturing sector is a net employer of labour and capital. The study …

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The Industry Effects Of Monetary Policy In The Euro Area By Gert Peersman And Frank Smets: A Review, Ade O. Adenuga

Economic and Financial Review

The article sheds some light on the question of whether monetary policy has stronger effects on economic activity in recessions than in expansions. It analyzed which industries are relatively more affected in downturns. The estimation was done by examining eleven manufacturing industries in seven countries of the euro area. The article is related to the works of Garcia and Schaller,1995; Kakes, 1998; Dolado and Maria-Dolores, 1999; and Peersman and Smets, 2001.

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The Informal Sector And Employment Generation In Nigeria, A. S. Atoloye

Economic and Financial Review

What this paper attempts to do is to bring the issues of employment generation in the NEEDS programme and the informal sector into sharper focus. The objective of the paper, therefore, is to assess how far the NEEDS programme has positioned the informal sector of the Nigerian economy, which constitutes the larger segment of the economy in playing the catalytic role of poverty eradication in Nigeria, and to explore the possibility of repositioning the sector to benefit more from the target employment under the programme.

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Water Stress And Water Wars, Frederic L. Pryor

Economics Faculty Works

This essay argues three propositions: (1) by 2025 roughly one third of the world's population will be living in countries which are water-stressed, at least by conventional criteria; (2) nevertheless, macro evidence does not portend that the world will be unable to feed its growing population at that time; (3) interstate armed conflicts over water, which were not very important in the last quarter of the twentieth century, seem unlikely to become more intense in the coming decades, especially since most countries have not utilized the enormous possibilities for saving scarce water.

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Monetary Policy And Inflation In The European Monetary Union – Perspectives And Lessons, Lucjan T. Orlowski

WCBT Faculty Publications

The paper examines systemic changes in monetary policies in Europe that have played a pivotal role in containing inflation. It emphasizes the connection between the systemic evolution of monetary policies and the precepts of the original as well as the new generation policy models prescribed by the ‘Washington Consensus’. It further underscores the importance of key criteria of optimum currency area (labor mobility, trade openness, symmetric consumer preferences and political integration) for viability and further future enlargement of the euro area. For the candidates to the euro flexible inflation targeting policies that encompass the euro-convergence parameters are suggested.

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Speech For Niemeyer's Award, Delivered In June 2007, Arend D. Lubbers

Presidential Speeches

Speech for Niemeyer's Award, delivered in June 2007 by Arend D. Lubbers, who served as President of Grand Valley from 1969-2001.

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The Prevalence Of Government Information On High School Library And Media Center Websites, Doug Way

Presentations

In 1997 President Clinton directed federal agencies to develop websites and Internet resources that would serve as “tool(s) for teaching and learning.” The ten years since then have seen an explosion in the amount of government information available to students and educators. Today there are thousands of government websites that specifically target these groups. In addition, over 90 percent of government publications distributed through the Federal Depository Library Program are available on the Internet, making those titles once out of the reach of school libraries just a click away at no cost. To see how school libraries are taking advantage …

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Well-Founded Semantics For Hybrid Mknf Knowledge Bases, Matthias Knorr, Jose Julio Alferes, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Efficient Owl Reasoning With Logic Programs - Evaluations, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krotzsch, Pascal Hitzler, Michael Sintek, Denny Vrandecic

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Automatic Composition Of Semantic Web Services Using Process Mediation, Zixin Wu, Karthik Gomadam, Ajith Harshana Ranabahu, Amit P. Sheth, John A. Miller

Kno.e.sis Publications

Embedding Metalib In Database Webpages: Usability Issues, Athena Hoeppner

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Introduction: Globalization, Social Justice, And Social Welfare, Frederick Fritz Macdonald, James Midgley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Integrating Globalization Into The Social Work Curriculum, Karen Smith Rotabi, Denise Gammonley, Dorothy N. Gamble, Marie O. Weil

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Review Of Changing Lives: Delinquency Prevention As Crime Control Policy. Peter W. Greenwood. Reviewed By Matthew T. Theriot., Matthew T. Theriot

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Review Of Children And Youth In Adoption, Orphanages And Foster Care: A Historical Handbook And Guide. Lori Askeland (Ed.). Reviewed By Albert J. Ellett., Alberta J. Ellett

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Devolution, Discretion, And The Effect Of Local Political Values On Tanf Sanctioning, Richard C. Fording, Joe Soss, Sanford F. Schram

Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research Faculty Research and Scholarship

"Everybody Else Ain't Your Father": Reproducing Masculinity In Cinematic Sports, 1975-2000, Marc A. Ouellette

English Faculty Publications

A Taste Of Reality: Hunger In The United States, Jonathan White

Bridgewater Review

Zoo Research, Amanda Shyne

Bridgewater Review

Religious Influences On Work–Family Trade-Offs, Samantha K. Ammons

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

"Bird In A Cage:" Exploring Transnational Immigrants' Identity Negotiations, Ewa Urban

Masters Theses

Displacement, Asymmetric Information, And Heterogeneous Human Capital, Luojia Hu, Christopher Taber

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

2007 June Newsletter, Nancy Rockey

Human Subject Research Archive

Behavioral Tolerance Under Variable Ratio Schedules Of Reinforcement, Barry Eshkol Adelman

Dissertations

A Qualitative Study Of Women Therapists’ Experiences Of Spirituality In The Counseling Process, Sharon A. Carney

Dissertations

Implications Of Research On Expertise For Curriculum And Pedagogy, David F. Feldon

Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences Faculty Publications

Research Authority In The Age Of Google: Equilibrium Sought, Mariana Regalado

Publications and Research

Global Energy Shifts: Fostering Stability In A Turbulent Age. Bruce Podobnik., Terry V. Shaw

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Issues In Nigeria's Transport Data For Planning And International Comparison, G.T. Arosanyin

Economic and Financial Review

Tariff And Factor Allocation In A Small Open Economy: Nigeria, T. B. Dipo, Elias A. Udeaja

Economic and Financial Review

The Industry Effects Of Monetary Policy In The Euro Area By Gert Peersman And Frank Smets: A Review, Ade O. Adenuga

Economic and Financial Review

The Informal Sector And Employment Generation In Nigeria, A. S. Atoloye

Economic and Financial Review

Water Stress And Water Wars, Frederic L. Pryor

Economics Faculty Works

Monetary Policy And Inflation In The European Monetary Union – Perspectives And Lessons, Lucjan T. Orlowski

WCBT Faculty Publications

Speech For Niemeyer's Award, Delivered In June 2007, Arend D. Lubbers

Presidential Speeches

The Prevalence Of Government Information On High School Library And Media Center Websites, Doug Way

Presentations

Rrh Library Newsletter, June 2007, Libraries At Rochester Regional Health

Rochester Regional Health authored publications and proceedings