Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Social Cost Of Monopoly Power, Donald J. Brown, G. A. Wood

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

A general equilibrium analysis of monopoly power is proposed as an alternative to the partial equilibrium analyses of monopolization common to most antitrust texts. This analysis introduces the notion of a cost minimizing market equilibrium. The empirical implications of this equilibrium concept for antitrust policy is derived in terms of a family of equilibrium inequalities over market data from observations on a market economy with competitive factor markets. The social cost of monopoly power is measured using Debreu’s coefficient of resource utilization. That is, we propose Pareto optimality as the ultimate objective of antitrust policy.

Multivariate Location: Robust Estimators And Inference, Rand R. Wilcox, H. J. Keselman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The sample mean can have poor efficiency relative to various alternative estimators under arbitrarily small departures from normality. In the multivariate case, (affine equivariant) estimators have been proposed for dealing with this problem, but a comparison of various estimators by Massé and Plante (2003) indicated that the small-sample efficiency of some recently derived methods is rather poor. This article reports that a skipped mean, where outliers are removed via a projection-type outlier detection method, is found to be more satisfactory. The more obvious method for computing a confidence region based on the skipped estimator (using a slight modification of the …

A Power Comparison Of Robust Test Statistics Based On Adaptive Estimators, H. J. Keselman, Rand R. Wilcox, James Algina, Abdul R. Othman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Seven test statistics known to be robust to the combined effects of nonnormality and variance heterogeneity were compared for their sensitivity to detect treatment effects in a one-way completely randomized design containing four groups. The six Welch-James-type heteroscedastic tests adopted either symmetric or asymmetric trimmed means, were transformed for skewness, and used a bootstrap method to assess statistical significance. The remaining test, due to Wilcox and Keselman (2003), used a modification of the well-known one-step M-estimator of central tendency rather than trimmed means. The Welch-James-type test is recommended because for nonnormal data likely to be encountered in applied research settings …

A Rank-Based Estimation Procedure For Linear Models With Clustered Data, Suzanne R. Dubnicka

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A rank method is presented for estimating regression parameters in the linear model when observations are correlated. This correlation is accounted for by including a random effect term in the linear model. A method is proposed that makes few assumptions about the random effect and error distribution. The main goal of this article is to determine the distributions for which this method performs well relative to existing methods.

A Generalized Quasi-Likelihood Model Application To Modeling Poverty Of Asian American Women, Jeffrey R. Wilson

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A generalized quasi-likelihood function that does not require the assumption of an underlying distribution when modeling jointly the mean and the variance, is introduced to examine poverty of Asian American women living in the West coast of the United States, using data from U.S. Census Bureau.

Estimation Of Multiple Linear Functional Relationships, Amjad D. Al-Nasser

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This article deals with multiple linear functional relationships models. Two robust estimations procedure are proposed to estimate the model, based on Generalized Maximum Entropy and Partial Least Square. They are distribution free and do not rely (so much) on classical assumptions. The experiments showed that the GME approach outperforms the PLS in terms of mean squares of errors (MSE). Empirical examples are studied.

Teaching Random Assignment: Do You Believe It Works?, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Textbook authors admonish students to check on the comparability of two randomly assigned groups by conducting statistical tests on pretest means to determine if randomization worked. A Monte Carlo study was conducted on a sample of n = 2 per group, where each participant’s personality profile was represented by 7,500 randomly selected and assigned scores. Independent samples t tests were conducted and the results demonstrated that random assignment was successful in equating the two groups on 7,467 variables. The students’ focus is redirected from the ability of random assignment to create comparable groups to the testing of the claims of …

A Comparison Of Bayesian And Frequentist Statistics As Applied In A Simple Repeated Measures Example, Jan Perkins, Daniel Wang

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Clinicians see Bayesian and frequentist analysis in published research papers, and need a basic understanding of both. A repeated measures data set was analyzed using both approaches. Assumptions underlying each method and conclusions reached were contrasted. The Bayesian approach is a viable alternative to frequentist statistical analysis for many clinical projects.

Jmasm10: A Fortran Routine For Sieve Bootstrap Prediction Intervals, Andrés M. Alonso

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A Fortran routine for constructing nonparametric prediction intervals for a general class of linear processes is described. The approach uses the sieve bootstrap procedure of Bühlmann (1997) based on residual resampling from an autoregressive approximation to the given process.

Determining Barriers To Health Care In Iowa, Joanna Busch

Undergraduate University Honors Capstones

This thesis involved creating a complex dataset to use in quantitative analysis and research regarding barriers to health care provision in Iowa. Data on 13 independent variables and four dependent variables were painstakingly gathered from a broad variety of public sources and complied into a single dataset. SPSS software was used in a preliminary investigation of correlations between independent and dependent variables. The analysis exemplifies but only touches on the kinds of research that can be performed on the dataset, which itself can be refined and expanded in future studies of the barriers to health care access encountered by rural …

Allocating Contractor Risks In The Hanford Waste Cleanup, Jeffrey M. Keisler, William A. Buehring, Peter D. Mclaughlin, Mark A. Robershotte, Ronald G. Whitfield

Management Science and Information Systems Faculty Publication Series

Organizations may view outsourcing as a way to manage risk. We developed a decision-analytic approach to determine which risks the buyer can share or shift to vendors and which ones it should bear. We found that allocating risks incorrectly could increase costs dramatically. Between 1995 and 1998, we used this approach to develop the request for proposals (RFP) for the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) privatization initiative for the Hanford tank waste remediation system (TWRS). In the model, we used an assessment protocol to predict how vendors would react to proposed risk allocations in terms of their actions and their …

Unwritten Law: Resilient Management In Latin American Artisanal Fisheries, Brandon Chapman

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Latin American small-scale fishery production is crucial to local communities that count on fish as a key source of protein in daily consumption and for supplying the increasing demand for exported high-value species in the first world. Many small-scale fishing communities have exhibited various forms of informal institutions that serve to manage rights to the fishery, a common-pool resource (CPR). An emerging theme in the CPR management literature is that there are certain types of institutions that exist in successful informal management contexts. Seven case studies from small-scale fishing communities in Latin America are analyzed in order to determine if …

The Logic Of Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation, Sona Nadenichek Golder '89

Doctoral Dissertations

Political parties who wish to exercise executive power are typically forced to enter some form of coalition. Parties can either form a pre-electoral coalition prior to an election or they can compete independently and enter a government coalition afterwards. Although there is a vast coalition literature, there are no theoretical or empirical studies of coalitions that form prior to an election. This dissertation seeks to redress this imbalance in our knowledge of coalitions by explaining the variation in electoral coalition formation.

The existing literature implicitly suggests that pre-electoral coalition formation is a simple function of electoral rules: the more disproportional …

Chocolate Plantation: A Geophysical And Archaeological Examination Of A Sea Island Cotton Plantation On Sapelo Island, Georgia, Christopher William Simmons

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Chocolate Field, the area containing the ruins of Chocolate Plantation, was occupied from the Late Archaic through the antebellum period into the 20th century. A complex overlay of architectural remains generated during the operation of the plantation by everyone from French nobles to 20^th century millionaires is buried at the site. A four- instrument geophysical survey in conjunction with test excavations provides data which make it possible to delineate the extent of the site, determine structure function, and separate the plantation into occupational phases. These results will ultimately serve to help link the Geechee/Gullah community presently living on Sapelo …

Emergency Preparedness: A Manual For Homeless Service Providers, Kelly Tobin, Phyllis Freeman

Center for Social Policy Publications

Public attention to "emergency planning" has increased dramatically since 9/11/2001. Out of concern that the population of homeless individuals and families may not have been considered adequately in planning thus far, the Center for Social Policy reviewed what has occurred, sought advice about what would be useful to add to existing material and resources, and proceeded to prepare this Manual. It seemed all too likely that under the already considerable pressure for cities and towns to prepare for threats caused by terrorism, including bioterrorism, that the special characteristics of homeless families and individuals, and of community organizations serving homeless people, …

Asian Americans In Metro Boston: Growth, Diversity, And Complexity, Paul Watanabe, Michael Liu, Shauna Lo

Institute for Asian American Studies Publications

This report provides an overview of Asian Americans in the Metro Boston area using 2000 U.S. Census data.

A Comparison Of Methods For Longitudinal Analysis With Missing Data, James Algina, H. J. Keselman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

In a longitudinal two-group randomized trials design, also referred to as randomized parallel-groups design or split-plot repeated measures design, the important hypothesis of interest is whether there are differential rates of change over time, that is, whether there is a group by time interaction. Several analytic methods have been presented in the literature for testing this important hypothesis when data are incomplete. We studied these methods for the case in which the missing data pattern is non-monotone. In agreement with earlier work on monotone missing data patterns, our results on bias, sampling variability, Type I error and power support the …

On Polynomial Transformations For Simulating Multivariate Non-Normal Distributions, Todd C. Headrick

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Procedures are introduced and discussed for increasing the computational and statistical efficiency of polynomial transformations used in Monte Carlo or simulation studies. Comparisons are also made between polynomials of order three and five in terms of (a) computational and statistical efficiency, (b) the skew and kurtosis boundary, and (c) boundaries for Pearson correlations. It is also shown how ranked data can be simulated for specified Spearman correlations and sample sizes. Potential consequences of nonmonotonic transformations on rank correlations are also discussed.

An Alternative Q Chart Incorporating A Robust Estimator Of Scale, Michael B. C. Khoo

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

In overcoming the shortcomings of the classical control charts in a short runs production, Quesenberry (1991 & 1995a – d) proposed Q charts for attributes and variables data. An approach to enhance the performance of a variable Q chart based on individual measurements using a robust estimator of scale is proposed. Monte carlo simulations are conducted to show that the proposed robust Q chart is superior to the present Q chart.

Quantifying The Proportion Of Cases Attributable To An Exposure, Camil Fuchs, Vance W. Berger

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The attributable fraction and the average attributable fractions, which are commonly used to assess the relative effect of several exposures to the prevalence of a disease, do not represent the proportion of cases caused by each exposure. Furthermore, the sum of attributable fractions over all exposures generally exceeds not only the attributable fraction for all exposures taken together, but also 100%. Other measures are discussed here, including the directly attributable fraction and the confounding fraction, that may be more suitable in defining the fraction directly attributable to an exposure.

Library Organizational Charts

Library Organizational Charts (1995-2018)

No abstract provided.

Catholic Deaf Newsletter, May 2004

Catholic Deaf Newsletter

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Harford, CT

Catholic Deaf Newsletter Finding Aid

Newsletter Catholic Deaf Of Detroit, May 2004

Newsletter Catholic Deaf of Detroit

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Detroit, MI

Newsletter Catholic Deaf of Detroit Finding Aid

Tidings, May-June 2004

Tidings

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Louisville, KY

Tidings Finding Aid

Pda Power At The Bedside, Patricia Wilson, Richard Billingsley, Leah Pellegrino

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library developed a pilot project to evaluate PDA use in medical education. A grant was secured to fund the purchase of medical reference software. The objective of the pilot project was to analyze usage of PDA software by medical students, residents, and physician assistant students in a clinical setting.

Seize The Power: Librarian Roles In Developing And Implementing Enterprise-Wide Hipaa Training, Shelley Bader, Alexandra Gomes

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library librarians collaborated to develop a web-based HIPAA training module for the medical center. Content was based on materials from an outside legal expert. Special attention was given to clinical scenarios illustrating key issues in HIPAA regulations. Librarians drafted the module which was then reviewed by legal consul, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the Graduate Medical Office. The final module was disseminated via the university's course management system. A corresponding module was developed for CME credit.

Empowering Faculty To Choose: Open Access And Alternative Publishing, Laura E. Abate, Leah Pellegrino, Anne Linton, Patricia Wilson

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library librarians initiated an effort to increase awareness of alternative publishing venues which exist outside the commercial arena; to encourage faculty to investigate electronic publishing alternatives; and to provide a connection to open access initiatives. George Washington University now participates in four open access initiatives and interest is growing among GWU faculty.

Some Guidelines For Conceptualizing Success In Conflict Resolution Evaluation, Marc Howard Ross

Peace and Conflict Studies

The immediate job of project evaluation is to decide what worked and what didn’t. However, the more challenging task is making sense of why success or failure occurred and in so doing to propose appropriate future action. Effective evaluation of conflict resolution initiatives is complicated since interventions involve multiple goals and cross-level connections where indirect effects are often not seen in the short-run. This paper argues that there is no single best instrument or method for evaluating the extent to which conflict resolution practice has been successful. However, this does not mean that evaluation should be ignored. Instead projects need …

Metaphors For One Another: Racism In The United States And Sectarianism In Northern Ireland, John Alderdice, Michael A. Cowan

Peace and Conflict Studies

This article explores the possibility that an analysis of racism in the United States and sectarianism in Northern Ireland inspired by literary, psychotherapeutic, religious and philosophical conceptions of metaphor might yield new insight into the two situations by attending carefully to similarities and differences between them. Following brief summaries of the current state of racism in the U.S. and sectarianism in Northern Ireland, the article offers two perspectives from the field of psychotherapy that seem particularly germane to both situations. Then we turn to the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt for a reflection on the unpredictability and irreversibility of human …

Front Matter, Peace And Conflict Studies

Peace and Conflict Studies

No abstract provided.