Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Instruction Type On Successful Completion Of A Task, Trevor A. Clements, Charles Norton

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Instructions play a valuable part in modern society, but their effectiveness is often questioned. In this study, 33 undergraduate students completed a series of simple Lego® tasks using three forms of instructional methods. Step-by-step instructions consisting of written instructions, pictorial instructions, or a combination of the two were tested. The number of correctly completed steps and total time taken for each task was collected. Although there was no difference in accuracy with pictorial or combined instruction types, both written and combined instruction types resulted in greater accuracy. No difference between the pictorial and combined instructions could be found, however. The …

Olfactory Recognition In Couples, Kristin R. Demars, Joshua M. Seezs

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

The present study is an attempt to examine if couples can recognize the body odor of their significant other in a t-shirt worn for two days. Nine couples were in the experimental group (couples who had been dating at least six months), while the control group consisted of eight women and seven men (strangers to each other at the beginning of the study). The hypothesis that previous experience improves correct olfactory identification was not supported. When compared to women in the control group, men in the control group were better at recognizing their own shirt. When compared to men in …

Agree Or Not Agree? The Role Of Cognitive And Affective Processes In Group Disagreements, Matthew A. Cronin, Katerina Bezrukova, Laurie R. Weingart, Catherine Tinsley

Psychology

We develop and test a theoretical framework for understanding how cognitive and affective processes (cognitive and affective integration) influence the way in which disagreements (task and process) among group members affect their performance (individual and group level performance). We use this framework to explain how and why diversity may be either beneficial or detrimental to group process and outcomes. Specifically, we examine how group faultlines may hinder members' ability to create a shared understanding of the problem (cognitive integration) and a shared motivation to synthesize their knowledge (affective integration). If this happens, then groups will fail to share and process …

Does Prison Harden Inmates? A Discontinuity-Based Approach, Keith M. Chen, Jesse M. Shapiro

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Some two million Americans are currently incarcerated, with roughly six hundred thousand to be released this year. Despite this, little is known about the effects of confinement conditions on the post-release lives of inmates. Focusing on post-release criminal activity, we identify the causal effect of prison conditions on recidivism rates by exploiting a discontinuity in the assignment of federal prisoners to security levels. We find that harsher prison conditions are associated with significantly more post-release crime.

The Composition Of Schools, Social Status, And Adolescent Relationship Formation, Lindsey Wilkinson, R. Kelly Raley

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Previous research on adults shows that blacks marry later than whites, and research on adolescents suggests that blacks delay dating (but not sex) until later ages. We hypothesize that the social factors that delay black relationship formation in adulthood are evident in adolescence. This research uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health to investigate the relationship between the social context of schools and adolescent romantic and sexual relationships. Preliminary results show that black adolescents are much more likely to have had a nonromantic sexual relationship, and black girls are more likely to have relationships with someone outside …

The Impact Of Program Changes On Health Care For The Ohp Standard Population: Early Results From A Prospective Cohort Study, Matthew J. Carlson, Bill J. Wright, Charles Gallia

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of benefit changes on the Oregon Health Plan (OHP) Standard Population across three domains: Enrollment; Access to care; Utilization

Men's Basketball Media Guide 2004-2005, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Women's Basketball Media Guide 2004-2005, Indiana State University

Intercollegiate Athletics

No abstract provided.

Using Incentives To Encourage Aids Programs And Policies In The Workplace: A Study Of Feasibility And Impact In Thailand, Simon Baker, Srisuman Sartsara, Patchara Rumakom, Philip Guest, Katie D. Schenk, Anthony Pramualratana, Suparat Suksakulwat, Surachai Panakitsuwan, Sikarat Moonmeung

HIV and AIDS

A recently completed Horizons study in Thailand examined the question of how to encourage the private sector to become actively involved in developing and improving workplace HIV/AIDS programs. The study found that the AIDS-response Standard Organization (ASO) initiative mobilized a moderate proportion of different types of companies to develop and improve HIV/AIDS workplace policies and programs. The data also reveal that companies that were eligible for the insurance discount made the greatest improvements. Thus a financial incentive combined with efforts to tap into managers’ willingness to respond to the epidemic can be important motivators for certain companies to improve their …

Challenges Faced By Households In Caring For Orphans And Vulnerable Children, Population Council

HIV and AIDS

South Africa has seen a rapid increase in HIV prevalence among the general population over the past ten years, from less than 1 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2001. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic increases, so do the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). In 2002, an estimated five million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Because of the average 10-year period between infection and death, even if HIV prevalence declined rapidly, South Africa would still experience an increasing orphan burden for many years to come. By 2010, 16 percent of all children in South Africa will be orphans …

Growing Up Overseas: Perceptions Of Second Language Attrition And Retrieval Amongst Expatriate Children In India, Steve Sider

Education Faculty Publications

This study involves expatriate children whose first language (L1) is English and who learned Hindi as their second language (L2) while their parents worked in India. The purpose of the study was to investigate the linguistic experiences of the children after they had left India, particularly experiences with L2 attrition. Through semi-structured interviews, subjects shared their stories of L2 acquisition and attrition. Common experiences which contributed to the attrition of the L2 included periods of non-use of the L2, social responses to the use of the L2, the lack of development of Hindi literacy and subjects’ attitude toward using the …

Non-Linear Input-Output Models: Practicability And Potential, Guy R. West, Randall Jackson

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

The conventional input-output model has been widely criticised, both justly and unjustly, for its limiting assumptions. One of these assumptions is homogeneity of degree one. This paper explores some approaches to minimise this limitation of traditional input-output analysis by removing the assumption of linear coefficients for the intermediate and household sectors. As is well documented in the literature, the household sector is the dominant component of multiplier effects in an input-output model, so using marginal income and expenditure coefficients for the household sector provides a more accurate estimate of the multiplier effects. A price model can then utilised to estimate …

Labor Market Size And Unemployment Duration: A Theoretical Note, Peter V. Schaeffer, Tesfa Gebremedhin

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

When job prospects are uncertain, labor market size matters even when labor and jobs, respectively, are homogenous. The expected unemployment duration and its standard deviation may then differ systematically with labor market size.

An Economic Impact Study Of The Pennsylvania Section Of The Cove Point Expansion, Randall Jackson, Walter R. Schwarm

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

Dominion Resources, Inc. engaged the Regional Research Institute to determine the total economic impacts associated with pipeline construction and/or modernization proposals traversing several Pennsylvania jurisdictions. The proposed project represents an investment of approximately $200 million. The scope of this analysis consists of estimating varying economic effects including job creation and resulting personal income, output and fiscal or tax revenue impacts directly associated with both the operational and construction phases of the proposed Pipeline expansion project. We calculate the spill-over or multiplicative impacts that will arise from the proposed Pipeline project. Additionally, some attempt is made in this analysis to capture …

The Role Of Small Business In Economic Growth And Poverty Alleviation In West Virginia: An Empirical Analysis, Gebremeskel H. Gebremariam, Tesfa Gebremedhin, Randall Jackson

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

The main objective of the study is to empirically evaluate the critical roles of small businesses in economic growth and poverty alleviation in West Virginia. In OLS and 2SLS regression analysis a positive relationship exists between small business and economic growth. A strong inverse relationship also exists between the incidence of poverty and small business and economic growth. Thus, the empirical result establishes the linkage between small business, economic growth and the incidence of poverty.

Location-Specific Amenities, Equilibrium, And Constraints On Location Choices, Brian Cushing

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

This research considers how preferences for location-specific attributes might constrain migration destination choices. In particular, if, at any given time, most people are consuming their desired location-specific attributes, then unwillingness to give up these attributes may influence the decision to migrate. For those who migrate, these desired attributes might significantly constrain the locations they would consider. This perspective differs substantially from the normal approach that assumes people move toward “good attributes” and away from “bad attributes.” The research provides an initial test of a “constrained destination choice” hypothesis by considering “locational attribute constraints” in the context of aggregate place-to-place migration …

Effects Of Zoning On Residential Option Value, Jonathan C. Young

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

Knowing more precisely how zoning affects housing value would allow policy-makers to improve long-term policy decisions. Previous studies have concluded that local zoning regulations affect residential option value. These studies, however, do not specify the magnitude of the effect for varying zoning types. This study quantifies zoning’s effect on residential option value for specific types of zoning using a hedonic regression model of housing prices. The study utilizes information on housing characteristics and sales prices for a cross-section of houses in Monongalia County, West Virginia. The research develops two models to differentiate between zoning effects on developed versus undeveloped properties. …

Dematerialization And Transmaterialization: What Have We Learned?, Walter C. Labys

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

Long-term materials demand patterns are important to examine because of the possibility of material obsolescence as well as the long lead times required to create new mineral productive capacity. Since structural changes in materials demand are inevitably linked to the performance and adjustments of national economies, materials life cycles have often been examined in the context of intensity of use (IOU). Explanations of these structural changes have focused on dematerialization; this concept implies a structural change in an economy embodying a reduced demand for materials and, therefore, a decline in overall industrial growth. An alternative view is that of transmaterialization, …

President's Note, Steve L. Preston

The Christian Librarian

The Association's Board of Directors met in October in Cedarville, Ohio. It was a busy and productive time. We reviewed work that is in progress in the Association office to improve record-keeping and the ability to provide data needed for planning and marketing. A process was begun to periodically survey ACL members on their satisfaction with services and products. Service standards were drafted by which to measure performance of ACL staff, officers, teams, and individual appointees. The surveys will enable us to revise the standards to better reflect members' expectations.

Motion Of Actions By The 48th Board Of Directors Of The Association Of Christian Librarians, June 12, 2003 - November 1, 2003

The Christian Librarian

The following motions are a record of the actions taken by the 48'h Board of Directors of the Association of Christian Librarians from June 12, 2003- November 1, 2003. Some business was conducted via email; other business was conducted at the midyear meeting of the Board of Directors in Cedarville, OH, Oct. 30-Nov. 1, 2003.

Resources Received, Phyllis Fox

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

Resource Reviews, Phyllis Fox

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

Resources For Forensic Psychology., Ellen A. Sexton

Publications and Research

Libraries supporting a forensic psychology undergraduate and/or graduate level college program need to collect materials from a range of disciplines – psychology, law, psychiatry and criminal justice. In this guide I identify the major reference works, journals, databases and other resources that should be in a good forensic psychology collection.

Systemic Nesting Among The Anasazi: Ad 900-1140, Carl G. Drexler

Nebraska Anthropologist

Over the past 150 years, archaeologists have proposed a number of models and hypotheses to explain the growth andfluorescence of the Anasazi system based in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. This paper gives an overview of some of those models, then explores how World System Theory (WSJ) might be used to understand the social and economic processes at work during the pinnacle of settlement in Chaco Canyon.

A Tri-Cultural Look At Legitimacy And Illegitimacy Using An Evolutionary Model, Mara D. Giles

Nebraska Anthropologist

The rules for legitimacy and illegitimacy are not universal, yet every culture classifies its children into valid and invalid A review of the literature, including Teichman, Hendrix, and Davis, has indicated that legitimacy is a status of marriage. This status is determined by several factors including race, class, inheritance patterns, lineage systems, the role of fathers, and the position of women. European and subSaharan African cultures use these factors differently to validate the boundaries separating the legitimate from the illegitimate. Until as recently as thirty years ago, English culture asserted that a man had to be proven to be the …

Native American Survival In A Colonial United States, Charles Marr

Nebraska Anthropologist

The persecution of Native Americans in the United States has not yet come to an end. There are many policies still in place that lead to the reduction of the unique culture of the Native Americans. This can have disastrous impacts for their own survival and well being. These policies reduce their language, culture, selfdetermination, their knowledge of the environment, and increases their poverty. The United States government can help to solve these problems by eliminating the Bureau of Indian Affairs and forming a think-tank that would be composed of Tribal leaders, lawyers who specialize in Native American Law, and …

Comparison Of The Traditional And Contemporary Extended Family Units Of The Hopi And Lakota (Sioux): A Study Of The Deterioration Of Kinship Structures And Functions, Benjamin Grant Purzycki

Nebraska Anthropologist

Drawing on a body of classical and contemporary ethnographic resources, one finds a number of coriflicting conclusions and assumptions in not only the evolutionary role of the extended family and its functions, but also-in a post-colonial context-how these units as well as their roles and functions change. When comparing a number of sources, we find that extended families are explained in diametrically opposed terms (e.g. some say extended families result from hunter-gatherer societies while others attribute it to agricultural groups), creating conflicting theory obviously not considered together as often enoughhence the necessity of comparative study between traditionally agricultural Hopi and …

Extrinsic Factors That Effect The Preservation Of Bone, Kyle Baxter

Nebraska Anthropologist

This article provides an overview of bone composition and the taphonomic processes that affect the representation of skeletal elements in archaeological deposits. Soil chemistry and composition, bone size, and other variables affect these processes.

Evolutionary Theory In Anthropology: Providing Ultimate Explanations For Human Behavior, Kyle Gibson

Nebraska Anthropologist

This short essay will elucidate one of the main benefits of using an evolutionary approach when studying human behavior; the ability to answer questions ultimately.

Nebraska Anthropologist Volume 19: 2003-2004 Table Of Contents

Nebraska Anthropologist

ARTICLES

1 Evolutionary Theory in Anthropology: Providing Ultimate Explanations for Human Behavior (Kyle Gibson)

4 A Tri-Cultural Look at Legitimacy and Illegitimacy Using an Evolutionary Model (Mara Giles)

16 Comparison of the Traditional and Contemporary Extended Family Units of the Hopi and Lakota (Sioux): A Study ofthe Deterioration of Kinship Structures and
Functions (Benjamin Grant Purzycki)

32 Native American Survival in a Colonial United States (Charles Marr)

38 Extrinsic Factors That Effect The Preservation of Bone (Kyle Baxter)

46 Systemic Nesting Among the Anasazi: AD 900-1140 (Carl G. Drexler)