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Articles 31 - 60 of 290
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Association Of Mindfulness, Passive Social Media Use, Social Comparisons, Fomo And Depression In College Students, Cody Weeks
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
There is mounting concern that social media use among young adults has contributed to the increase in depression in this population, particularly college students. Passive social media use (i.e., browsing or following behavior) has been linked to higher rates of depression and other mental health symptoms among college students. However, scant research has focused on factors that may be used to alter passive social media use and decrease depression, such as mindfulness. Thus, the current study aimed to examine 1) the association between passive social media use and mindfulness, 2) to assess the mechanisms by which mindfulness may influence passive …
The Addiction Treatment Experience Of Legally Mandated Opioid Users, Kaitlin E. Deitz
The Addiction Treatment Experience Of Legally Mandated Opioid Users, Kaitlin E. Deitz
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Clients who are legally mandated to addiction treatment for an opioid use disorder have high rates of treatment dropout, relapse, and recidivism. To gain a better understanding of the impact of treatment interventions on those measures, the author conducted a study to learn about the mandated treatment experience for opioid users from the clients’ perspectives using qualitative interviews. The first theme derived from the data was The Mandated Counselor-Client Relationship with subthemes of Cookie Cutter Counselor, Feeling Commodified, and Collusion. The second theme derived from the data was Necessary Conditions with subthemes of Feeling Cared for and Trust. The findings …
An Analysis Of The Sophistication–Maturity Of Justice And Non-Justice Involved Youth And Young Adults, Lauren Grove
An Analysis Of The Sophistication–Maturity Of Justice And Non-Justice Involved Youth And Young Adults, Lauren Grove
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Juvenile transfer refers to a set of mechanisms whereby a juvenile’s case may be processed in criminal court. Forensic mental health evaluators often assess youths’ risk/dangerousness, sophistication–maturity, and treatment amenability to assist judicial determinations regarding youth disposition. Of these three factors, sophistication–maturity—in which the law is concerned with the extent to which a juvenile defendant’s criminal sophistication and maturity level parallels that of an adult—has traditionally been the most challenging for practitioners to define and apply in practice. The Risk-Sophistication-Treatment Inventory (RSTI) is the only commercially available, specialized forensic assessment instrument for the assessment of youths’ sophistication–maturity. However, this tool …
Future Time Orientation And Criminal Thinking Style, Danielle Squillaro
Future Time Orientation And Criminal Thinking Style, Danielle Squillaro
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Individuals who commit criminal behaviors are often thought to prioritize short-term goals rather than long-term goals (i.e., a present vs. a future time orientation). Though previous theories of crime and empirical research support a relationship among future time orientation, criminal thinking, and illegal behaviors, there is disagreement in the literature about how to operationalize future time orientation. Moreover, prior research has usually only included a single measure of future time orientation, making generalizability of the results across different measures (reflecting different operationalizations of the construct) difficult. The primary aim of the current thesis was to measure multiple components of future …
Social Influence On Risky Decision Making, Kesha Patel
Social Influence On Risky Decision Making, Kesha Patel
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Are people’s risk preferences influenced by the preferences of others they interact with or observe? Traditionally, decision preferences were conceptualized as a stable, dispositional trait. However, recent research has demonstrated that there is a degree of malleability in preferences, with social influence having a particularly potent impact. To better understand the extent of social influence on risky decision-making, a mixed-study design was carried out that involved participants making a series of hypothetical monetary choices between smaller-certain and larger-risky rewards. Participants completed three blocks of the risky-choice task: (1) the pre- exposure block where choices were made without any social information, …
Factors Related To Formal And Online Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Latinx College Students, Tanya Singh
Factors Related To Formal And Online Help-Seeking Behaviors Among Latinx College Students, Tanya Singh
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The frequency of help-seeking behaviors among Latinx college students is low. Latinx college students are at an elevated risk for mental health problems, such as suicide ideation and behaviors, and there is an urgent need to understand the factors that most influence help-seeking in this population. This study aimed to understand how factors such as help-seeking intentions, suicide literacy, perceived need for help and levels of acculturation relate to help-seeking behaviors, as well as how these associations differed between formal and online sources of help among Latinx college students. Furthermore, this study assessed whether these relationships were moderated by an …
Rape Myth Acceptance And Acknowledgment: Predictors Of Disclosing Sexual Assault And Service-Seeking Among College Students, Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden
Rape Myth Acceptance And Acknowledgment: Predictors Of Disclosing Sexual Assault And Service-Seeking Among College Students, Zerbrina Valdespino-Hayden
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Sexual assault is highly prevalent on college campuses in the United States (U.S.), such that college students are at high risk for sexual victimization. Furthermore, while the disclosure rates to informal sources are more prevalent, disclosure to formal sources (e.g., legal authorities and university staff) and mental health service use of college students who have experienced sexual assault are low. As such, understanding the factors that either facilitate or hinder disclosure and service-seeking is of critical importance. Research has identified rape myth acceptance (RMA) and acknowledgment of the victimization (i.e., whether the survivor labels their experience as sexual assault) as …
Black First-Generation Professionals : Leaders That You Never Heard Of Before, An Exploratory Study Of Lived Experiences, Duane A. Williams
Black First-Generation Professionals : Leaders That You Never Heard Of Before, An Exploratory Study Of Lived Experiences, Duane A. Williams
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Black First-Generation Professionals (BFPs) represent groups of individuals who were the first in their families to attend and complete a college degree; they are also first in their families to attain White-collar professional careers. This qualitative study sought to understand the lived experiences of BFPs in the workplace; complexities of upward mobility, identity development and family relationships were also explored. The success stories for all participants came at a cost, a burden, a toll, or some sacrifice for a greater good. Upward mobility in the Black community can be viewed from two opposing ends of a gains-loss spectrum. On one …
Community-Based Programs As Spaces For Critical Consciousness, Not Containment : Exploring The Perspectives Of Black Youth, Carrie Bergeson
Community-Based Programs As Spaces For Critical Consciousness, Not Containment : Exploring The Perspectives Of Black Youth, Carrie Bergeson
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Historically Black youth have been labeled as needing to be “saved” and “fixed” because they are “at-risk,” “broken,” and more likely to subscribe to deviant behavior. This deficit rhetoric frames community-based education programs (CBEPs) that serve Black youth as vital spaces that must prevent and save Black youth from subscribing to undesirable behaviors. Therefore, this study builds on the paucity of literature regarding CBEPs as spaces that view Black youth as valuable and worthy and encourage youth to critically examine the world around them, often withholding opportunities and resources. With critical consciousness (Freire, 1968) as the framework, this qualitative study …
Impact Of Family Expectations On The Marital Practices Of Haitian-American Couples, Kencia Mele
Impact Of Family Expectations On The Marital Practices Of Haitian-American Couples, Kencia Mele
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This paper analyzes how family expectations from the Haitian culture manifest in the marriages of middle-aged Haitian-American couples. This study emphasizes that the evolution to biculturalism is a major factor in the adjustments of cultural expectations. Four middle-aged Haitian-American couples were interviewed via Zoom individually. They were asked to describe how they believed Haitian culture and family expectations influenced their family and marriage life. The results indicate that the middle-aged Haitian-American couples adhere to explicit and implicit family expectations set out by their families of origin; these expectations were influenced by Haitian culture. The major themes from the study were: …
“Don’T Call Me A Crouton” : A Case Study On The Use Of Humor In Organizational Relationships On Twitter And Facebook, Hannah Grinberg
“Don’T Call Me A Crouton” : A Case Study On The Use Of Humor In Organizational Relationships On Twitter And Facebook, Hannah Grinberg
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
An organization using humor on social media can potentially engage in dialogue through participatory boundary-work that creates an in-group between themselves and their online user publics. The ability for an organization to use humor to form that in-group, where dialogic communication is achievable, is based on the organization’s ability to produce an instance of shared mirth with their online publics. The shared experience of mirth not only determines if the organization reaches shared meaning with their receiver publics, but also indicates who the humor is intended for, and who will be left out of the in-group created. To determine the …
Frequency Of Multiple Sclerosis As A Function Of Handedness, Melissa Villafana
Frequency Of Multiple Sclerosis As A Function Of Handedness, Melissa Villafana
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Background: Previous studies have examined the association between handedness and various autoimmune disorders. There is a possible link between handedness and immune system response due to high levels of testosterone in-utero which has been theorized to affect cerebral and immune system developments. To our knowledge, only two studies have examined the relationship between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and handedness. Both studies used different measures of handedness and therefore, had contrasting results. In the current study, we suggest the need for a more appropriate way to measure handedness. Objective: This study investigates the relationship between MS type and Handedness. Methods: Participants with …
In The Cities, There Is Violence : Do Higher Levels Of Police Militarization Correlate With Police Use Of Lethal Force?, Brennan B. Sumner
In The Cities, There Is Violence : Do Higher Levels Of Police Militarization Correlate With Police Use Of Lethal Force?, Brennan B. Sumner
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Police violence has become a pressing issue in the United States. The topic of police militarization, as a consequence, has entered the public consciousness, and its effects have become a topic of concern. This paper will examine whether there is a correlation between higher levels of police militarization and higher rates of police use of lethal force from multiple perspectives. This paper will utilize a mixed methods research approach, combining historical analysis, critical literature review, and data analysis from thirty American cities. This paper will also discuss the public policy implications of police militarization and offer critiques therein.
The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions, Mental Health, And Academic Self- Efficacy In Black College Students : Is A Supportive Mentor Protective?, Devanté J. Cunningham
The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions, Mental Health, And Academic Self- Efficacy In Black College Students : Is A Supportive Mentor Protective?, Devanté J. Cunningham
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Racial microaggressions are daily, often subtle, verbal, environmental, and behavioral slights and insults targeted at a person or their race. Racial microaggressions can have deleterious effects on the mental health and academic outcomes of Black college students. As research on this relationship increases, it is essential to assess factors that may moderate, or lessen, the impact of racial microaggressions. There is evidence that mentoring, a form of social support, may attune the adverse effects of racial microaggressions on mental health and academic outcomes. The current study explored the relationship between racial microaggressions and mental health and academic outcomes (social anxiety, …
For The Culture : Using Ethnographic Interviews To Describe The Attempts And Strategies Used By Black, First-Generation, Female, College Students To Combine Family, Community, And College Life, Fatimah Turner
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Using qualitative methodology, 10 Black, first-generation female college students were studied at Predominately White Institution in Northern New Jersey. The study examined how Black, female, first-generation college students combined the diverging aspects of their home and school lives and the strategies they used to do so. The theoretical perspectives used in this study were Black Feminist and Life Course Theory. Combining these theoretical perspectives revealed how Black women used agency and linked lives to navigate college and renegotiate family and societal expectations. Analysis of 10 individual ethnographic interviews highlighted two major themes and several sub-themes. The major themes were: 1) …
Does Target Race Moderate The Effect Of Trustworthiness On Face Memory?, Sharon Ada Kobinah
Does Target Race Moderate The Effect Of Trustworthiness On Face Memory?, Sharon Ada Kobinah
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Multiple factors can influence how accurately people remember the faces of others. Social group membership, and particularly race, is a well-studied influence. People tend to show better memory for racial ingroup faces than racial outgroup faces, a phenomenon known as the Cross Race Effect. Some other work has examined the influence of factors like facial trustworthiness in memory, finding that people may remember untrustworthy faces more accurately than trustworthy faces. The present study examines the joint influence of these two factors in order to determine whether target race moderates this untrustworthiness advantage in memory. White and Black participants encoded an …
Examination Of Social Cognition Impairments In Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury Through The Awareness Of Social Inference Test Performance, Brea Lenae Rivera
Examination Of Social Cognition Impairments In Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury Through The Awareness Of Social Inference Test Performance, Brea Lenae Rivera
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Social cognition focuses on how people process, perceive, and apply information in social context in order to understand and infer their own behaviors and that of others. Impaired social cognition is a common, and often chronic, outcome of many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). By lacking these social skills, there is a major disadvantage for social integration with others. In order to assess social cognition deficits in adult TBI populations, Part 1 and 3 of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) were administered to examine social cognition impairments. A sample of 58 participants (28 TBI, …
Leadership Style On Shared Leadership And Team Performance Via Followership Style, Pasquale Alexander Tosto
Leadership Style On Shared Leadership And Team Performance Via Followership Style, Pasquale Alexander Tosto
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Recent work has demonstrated a strong link between shared leadership and team task performance. Despite these findings, there is still yet to emerge research on the degree to which leadership style on the part of a designated leader predicts the emergence of shared leadership in the established relationship between shared leadership and team performance. The present study aims to address this literature gap by manipulating leadership style in a teamwork study in order to observe the effect of directive versus participative leadership on the emergence of shared leadership, and its subsequent impact on team performance. Furthermore, the present study also …
Metaphor Detection In Poems In Misurata Arabic Sub-Dialect : An Lstm Model, Azza Abugharsa
Metaphor Detection In Poems In Misurata Arabic Sub-Dialect : An Lstm Model, Azza Abugharsa
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Arabic is witnessing an increasing interest in investigating different topics in the field. One of the topics that have drawn attention is the automatic processing of Arabic figurative language. The focus in previous projects is on detecting and interpreting metaphors in comments from social media as well as phrases and/or headlines from news articles. The current project focuses on metaphor detection in poems written in the Misurata Arabic sub-dialect spoken in Misurata, located in the North African region. The dataset is initially annotated by a group of linguists, and their annotation is treated as the …
Testing The Effectiveness Of Data- And Narrative-Based Messages In Mitigating Racial Bias In Size And Threat Judgments, Alexandra Brosseau
Testing The Effectiveness Of Data- And Narrative-Based Messages In Mitigating Racial Bias In Size And Threat Judgments, Alexandra Brosseau
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Racial bias in threat perception has long been a phenomenon of concern within the social sciences, and more recently, researchers have begun to focus on the role that biased judgment of physical size may impact such perceptions. In the wake of highly publicized police killings of unarmed Black civilians, there have been increased calls for creating systemic and cultural reform to address the disproportionate violence inflicted upon the Black population. Simultaneously, political conservatives have mounted increasing resistance to discussions of racial equality and have recently begun enacting laws that would limit or prohibit teaching and workplace discussions on the topic. …
Susceptibility To Online Disinformation, Ryan Christopher Lesica
Susceptibility To Online Disinformation, Ryan Christopher Lesica
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
In this article, I address the importance of finding tangible and viable solutions in minimizing susceptibility to online disinformation. I identify three main types of causal factors that lead to susceptibility: political, psychological, and technical; recognizing the implications of political polarization, news media, cognitive phenomena, algorithms, and online behavior that leads to saturation and susceptibility to false information. I argue that by thoroughly compartmentalizing causal variables into three main factors, each can then be addressed and solved in their own unique way. I analyze each factor, deriving reinforcing theories and evidence from various articles, experiments, and publications. I propose that …
Can Patent Trolls Be Stopped Without Interfering With An Individual’S Property Rights?, Talar Sahagian
Can Patent Trolls Be Stopped Without Interfering With An Individual’S Property Rights?, Talar Sahagian
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
This thesis seeks to analyze patent trolls and how they are able to prey on successful patented innovations to monopolize on profits, all while doing it legally. This research aims to answer the question if patent trolls can be stopped without infringing on an individual’s property rights. This study analyzes various legislation enacted to limit the actions of patent trolls, and if they are sufficient in their totality to prevent the trolls from making a profit off a patent(s), they have no intention of utilizing or have never used. The data will be analyzed to show if the enacted reform …
Screen Time, Sleep, And Anxiety, Michael Edward Turner
Screen Time, Sleep, And Anxiety, Michael Edward Turner
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Prior literature has found evidence for a connection between screen time and a variety of negative health outcomes. These negative health outcomes include symptoms of both generalized and social anxiety, as well as sleep issues involving poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall. There is also evidence that screen time has dramatically increased as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The present research project investigated the relationship between smartphone screen time and anxiety, both generalized and social, as well as sleep duration and sleep quality. This research project breaks down screen time into four separate domains, social media, video …
Servant Leadership Oriented Leadership Development For Leaders On The Autism Spectrum : An Exploratory Study, Nikita Elizabeth Williams
Servant Leadership Oriented Leadership Development For Leaders On The Autism Spectrum : An Exploratory Study, Nikita Elizabeth Williams
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
As autistic individuals are increasingly joining the workforce, there is a need to better understand leadership development in autistic individuals as they progress through organizational hierarchies. This thesis introduces a servant leadership component to a traditional leadership development model and conducts a needs assessment for tailoring this model to a neurodiverse population. The servant leadership oriented assessment challenge support (SLO-ACS) is a model of leadership development that utilizes the popular Assessment Challenge Support model of leadership development with a focus on developing another individual and practicing servant leadership. Qualitative interviews were conducted with autism SMEs in leadership roles, a majority …
Mediation Of Intergenerational Trauma Transmission By Family Variables In Children Of Rwandan Survivors Of The 1994 Genocide Against The Tutsi, Jessica L. Bonumwezi
Mediation Of Intergenerational Trauma Transmission By Family Variables In Children Of Rwandan Survivors Of The 1994 Genocide Against The Tutsi, Jessica L. Bonumwezi
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Twenty-eight years after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, children of survivors are being increasingly documented to show increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes. However, no studies in Rwanda have empirically explored psychosocial factors underlying this intergenerational transmission of trauma. We investigated family factors that could underlie this transmission in 285 adult Rwandan children of survivors (mean age = 23.31; 50.2% female) who completed an online survey. We found that 42.2% of participants had clinically significant secondary PTSD symptoms and 37.8% had clinically significant symptoms of depression or anxiety. For participants with survivor mothers (n = 187), …
Development And Validation Of The Muslim Identity Socialization Scale (Miss), Mamona Butt
Development And Validation Of The Muslim Identity Socialization Scale (Miss), Mamona Butt
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Racial ethnic socialization (RES) practices are the messages youth receive on race, racism, and prejudice. This paper aimed to extend racial-ethnic socialization (RES) literature to Muslim American families to understand youth identity development. In Study One, focus groups (k = 3, n = 15) were conducted to understand common RES practices in Muslim young adults and create initial items for the scale. Thematic analyses revealed parents promoted their Muslim American youth to have other Muslim friends, however there was a consensus that parent did not prepare them for bias. Additionally, participants varied on cultural socialization and egalitarianism practices. Study two …
Multiple Risk Factors For Schizotypy In A Non-Clinical Population : Exploring The Continuum Of Psychosis Two Years Later, Jill Del Pozzo
Multiple Risk Factors For Schizotypy In A Non-Clinical Population : Exploring The Continuum Of Psychosis Two Years Later, Jill Del Pozzo
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that refers to a collection of cognitive and personality traits, impairments, and experiences thought to lie on a continuum for psychosis, which place an individual at increased risk for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The expression of schizotypy varies along this continuum of psychosis (i.e., from healthy, to subclinical and prodromal symptomatology, to clinical and severe psychosis) and is dependent on several biopsychosocial factors and their interactions. Accordingly, it is important identify factors that correlate with higher levels of schizotypy over time, toward ascertaining knowledge about developmental pathways of risk and resilience for psychotic disorders. To …
Telecommuting Antecedents And Outcomes Within A Turbulent Global Context : The Incremental Explanatory Utility Of Technostress And Role Strain, Renata Garcia Prieto Palacios Roji
Telecommuting Antecedents And Outcomes Within A Turbulent Global Context : The Incremental Explanatory Utility Of Technostress And Role Strain, Renata Garcia Prieto Palacios Roji
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Due to a confluence of pre-existing trends, legislative action, and global health considerations, the nature of work arrangements is transitioning toward greater worker accommodation in the form of telecommuting. The current study focused on explaining telecommuter outcomes (job satisfaction, intent to quit, and general well-being) via retention of a general input-process-output (IPO) model. Within this framework the effects of role strain were explored as potential mediators of the relationships between telecommuting attitudes, networks of support, workload, and telecommuter outcomes. As an additional novel contribution, the presence and prevalence of technostressors was further specified as a potential moderator of these associations. …
How Exposure To Poverty Related Issues In The Classroom Affects Students’ Attitudes And Interactions With Their Social Environment, Rocco Placenti
How Exposure To Poverty Related Issues In The Classroom Affects Students’ Attitudes And Interactions With Their Social Environment, Rocco Placenti
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Impoverishment and its presence are the saddest forms of brutality and have long been recognized in the United States (U.S.). The common attitude of Americans is to view impoverishment from individualistic characteristics in which it is believed that individuals will not want to work if aid is offered to them. People’s attitudes towards those in poverty play a part in policy and practice in the American government. Therefore, this study explored how and the magnitude with which students’ connections within their ecological systems and their attitudes shifted after the introduction to an undergraduate course on families in poverty. A qualitative …
The Stressors Black Pastors Experience : A Counseling Perspective, Robert C. Rogers
The Stressors Black Pastors Experience : A Counseling Perspective, Robert C. Rogers
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Researchers have described the clergy profession as one of several occupations for which stress exists as an integral part of their job, which can impact their well-being. The research has investigated this topic of pastoral stress from a color-blind, etic perspective without regard to the multicultural factors of racial identity and ethnicity. While Black pastors exist as a major subset of clergy nationwide, the exploration of stressors Black pastors experience and the relationship between their specific vocational stressors and wellness has been rarely studied. This study seeks to fill the gaps in the literature by targeting Black pastors from historically …