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Articles 391 - 420 of 5478
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
College Students' Perceptions Of The Student-Teacher Relationship, Lauren E. Biggs
College Students' Perceptions Of The Student-Teacher Relationship, Lauren E. Biggs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Humans, as social creatures, pursue relationships with others to fulfill various needs. As such, when we enter school, we naturally seek to establish relationships with teachers, who act as significant individuals in our lives. In general, research has shown that students with close, warm relationships with their teachers tend to experience more favorable outcomes related to academic achievement, behavior, and social-emotional factors. Students with more negative relationships with their teachers conversely tend to experience poorer outcomes. Though decades of research have consistently shown this correlation, few studies have examined the relationships between college students and their professors. The current study …
The Impact Of Perceived Administrative Support On Teacher Burnout, Madison L. Kelly
The Impact Of Perceived Administrative Support On Teacher Burnout, Madison L. Kelly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Teachers are crucial to many facets of life (Güneyli, 2012). Due to current occupational requirements and emotional demands, many educational professionals experience burnout (Roethler, 2021). Burnout occurs when daily occupational challenges overpower one's ability to maintain a healthy emotional state and meet professional demands (Roethler, 2021). Previous studies have been conducted on the levels of teacher stress and burnout (Agyapong et al., 2022; Chang, 2009; Lindqvist et al., 2021; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2021), while few studies explored the impact of administrative support and its contribution to burnout within the teacher population (Howard et al., 2017; Jacob, 2007; McCray-Davis, 2022; Tickle …
Emotionality Stigma Scale: Measurement Development, Reliability, And Validity., Hayley D. Seely
Emotionality Stigma Scale: Measurement Development, Reliability, And Validity., Hayley D. Seely
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emotions are biological responses to stimuli that allow individuals to derive meaning, appraise experiences, and prepare to respond. However, individuals perceive emotions differently based on emotion socialization which not only dictates the way emotions are viewed and managed but also has been directly linked with mental health outcomes. Furthermore, research shows emotion socialization is informed by demographic variables such as gender such that the expectations of emotionality differ; where women are taught to express emotions, men are taught to conceal. Given the societal rules regarding emotionality, it is possible that emotionality stigma – the stigma around the experience and expression …
From Surface To Subtext: Portrayals Of Success In Superfund Remediation., Haley Metcalf-Wade
From Surface To Subtext: Portrayals Of Success In Superfund Remediation., Haley Metcalf-Wade
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Superfund sites represent some of the most contaminated and environmentally sensitive areas in the United States. How these sites are portrayed can significantly influence public perception of environmental risks, the effectiveness of remediation efforts, and the overall state of environmental health. Regulatory agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are entrusted with safeguarding public health and the environment. How they communicate about their actions, successes, and challenges directly impacts public trust and perceptions of their accountability. This dissertation examines the manifest and latent metrics used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine success in Superfund remediation by focusing on …
Testing The Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Mindful Self-Compassion Group Workshop Among Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study., Brenna Mary Williams
Testing The Feasibility And Acceptability Of A Mindful Self-Compassion Group Workshop Among Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study., Brenna Mary Williams
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background. Shame and self-criticism are mechanisms shown to influence eating disorders (EDs). Self-compassion has been theorized to target shame and self-criticism and is a protective factor against EDs. One intervention shown to increase self-compassion and reduce shame and self-criticism is the Mindful Self-Compassion program (MSC). However, MSC has yet to be tested among individuals with an ED diagnosis. The current study investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of MSC delivered in a live, online format among individuals with an ED. Methods. Sixty-one participants completed baseline questionnaires measuring ED symptoms, trait self-compassion, self-criticism, and shame. Participants also answered questionnaires at …
Relation Between The Negative Cognitive Triad, Perceived Everyday Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, And Tnf-A In Adolescents., Ashley Ann Marshall Dondanville
Relation Between The Negative Cognitive Triad, Perceived Everyday Discrimination, Depressive Symptoms, And Tnf-A In Adolescents., Ashley Ann Marshall Dondanville
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study is based on Beck's cognitive stress-vulnerability model of depression and previous research on (a) the increased risk for severe illnesses associated with TNF-⍺ (i.e., an inflammatory cytokine), (b) the effect of perceived everyday discrimination (PED) on depressive symptoms and TNF-⍺, (c) the association between depressive symptoms and TNF-⍺, (d) and findings that the negative cognitive triad (i.e., negative views of the self, world, and future) serves as a partial mediator between PED and depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to integrate Beck’s model and these different research lines by inspecting the associations between the stressor PED …
Exploring Chronic Stress, Avoidance Coping, And Diurnal Cortisol In Head And Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study Of Best Practices In Diurnal Cortisol Sampling., Brooks R. Harbison
Exploring Chronic Stress, Avoidance Coping, And Diurnal Cortisol In Head And Neck Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study Of Best Practices In Diurnal Cortisol Sampling., Brooks R. Harbison
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cancer patients are vulnerable to the deleterious effects of chronic stress, especially those prone to avoidance coping. Research in the general population has linked these effects to aberrant diurnal cortisol. However, the current literature on cancer patients has shown inconsistent results in associations between chronic stress, avoidance coping, and diurnal cortisol, possibly due to inconsistent cortisol sampling practices. This pilot study of head and neck cancer patients aimed to address this gap in the literature by implementing best cortisol sampling practices to investigate the links among chronic stress, avoidance coping, and diurnal cortisol slope, average bedtime cortisol, and average wake …
Patterns Of The Use And Perception Of Cannabis Among College Students In Tennessee, Jayla Ruffus-Milner
Patterns Of The Use And Perception Of Cannabis Among College Students In Tennessee, Jayla Ruffus-Milner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cannabis has been historically difficult to research due to its federal scheduling. However, as legalization of cannabis medically, recreationally, or both in states across the country has increased, so has the need to address the research gaps that persist. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of cannabis use and perceptions of college students in Tennessee, which encompass a demographic of mainly young adults who are typically associated with high usage patterns. The study uses quantitative data collected from an online survey sent to a university in East Tennessee to evaluate associations between students’ age, gender, race/ethnicity, …
Associative Stigma Among Criminal Legal Staff: Measurement And Relation To Job Factors, Shania Siebert
Associative Stigma Among Criminal Legal Staff: Measurement And Relation To Job Factors, Shania Siebert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A sizeable portion of the United States (U.S.) population works within the criminal legal system, and individuals who have legal involvement are a highly stigmatized population. Research suggests working with stigmatized populations can result in the transfer of stigma to professionals, referred to as associative stigma. While qualitative studies indicate there are negative perceptions related to working in criminal legal settings, there is no quantitative research on criminal legal staff’s experience with associative stigma and how it impacts job-related factors. The purpose of this study was to 1) examine the psychometrics of an adapted measure to quantitatively assess associative stigma …
Evaluating The Impact Of An Experimental Intervention On Reducing Social Anxiety Through Impression Efficacy Changes, Alexandria Dismuke
Evaluating The Impact Of An Experimental Intervention On Reducing Social Anxiety Through Impression Efficacy Changes, Alexandria Dismuke
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Social anxiety is a prevalent and harmful experience, predicting negative outcomes even for those not reaching clinical levels. While evidence-based treatments are well-documented for Social Anxiety Disorder, simple and accessible interventions for subclinical samples are a valuable endeavor for research. The current study aimed to test an experimental task for reducing social anxiety through increasing participants’ impression self-efficacy. A secondary goal was to explore the impacts of and responses to positive and neutral feedback. The primary hypothesis was that condition would predict changes in social anxiety indirectly through changes in impression self-efficacy. Participants (n=127) completed a structured interaction with a …
A Comparison Of Maxent Models For Aedes Aegypti Species Distribution In South America Utilizing Different Bioclimatic And Environmental Variables, Matthew Beer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aedes aegypti is the principal vector for dengue transmission across large areas of the world. Understanding where this critically important vector lives is paramount to preventing the continued expansion of dengue globally. Using 1981-2010 bioclimatic (bioclim) variables, as well as additional environmental variables and elevation data, multiple MaxEnt models were constructed for Ae. aegypti within the South American continent to identify ecologically important variables and areas of persistent high suitability. All models had acceptable AUC scores (> 0.70), indicating accurate model fitting. Annual mean precipitation and temperature were found to be important model variables; however, when added, humidity became the …
Enhancing Ethical Competency: A Review Of Ethical Instruction For Law Enforcement, Alexis Turner
Enhancing Ethical Competency: A Review Of Ethical Instruction For Law Enforcement, Alexis Turner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As public confidence in policing has dropped, demand for ethical behavior from law enforcement officers has grown, and correspondingly, a better understanding of ethics training and ethical acquisition processes has become paramount. Though much literature exists on related topics, understanding of the ethics training for law enforcement officers as it currently exists, has remained murky. This research aimed to gain a better understanding of ethics training for law enforcement in the United States, and as such, to fill the aforementioned gap in the literature. Four research questions were explored in this study including the understanding of current pre-service and in-service …
Emotional Content In Working Memory Processes: An Fmri Study., Manal Zafar
Emotional Content In Working Memory Processes: An Fmri Study., Manal Zafar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Working memory (WM) is a dynamic system that processes and manipulates both goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant information, integral to higher-level cognition and executive control (Fujii, 2001; Nyberg & Erikkson, 2016). The processing and manipulation of representations is modulated by the affective nature of the information (Pessoa, 2009) such that negative information can either impair or enhance WM processing. WM impairments are seen commonly across clinical disorders such as depression, anxiety, PTSD and schizophrenia (Levens & Gotlib, 2010; Joorman et a., 2011; Brodziak et al., 2015). Specifically, negative information is known to have differential processing in WM compared to neutral and positive …
Relations Between Discrimination, Negative Attribution Style, Cortisol, And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescents., Hannah Widmer
Relations Between Discrimination, Negative Attribution Style, Cortisol, And Depressive Symptoms In Adolescents., Hannah Widmer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim of our study was to integrate the chronic stressor of Perceived Everyday Discrimination (PED) into the Hopelessness Theory of Depression with a focus on the comorbidity between physical and mental health by way of depressive symptoms and cortisol in adolescents. Research has shown that cognitive diatheses mediate the relation between stress and depressive symptoms and cortisol predicts depression. We hypothesized that Negative Attribution Style (NAS) and cortisol would mediate the relation between PED and depressive symptoms. Altogether, 99 adolescents (mean age: 14.10 years, 36.4% female; 63.6% male; ethnicity: 2% Latinx; 98.2 % non-Latinx; race: 41.4% Black, 34.8% White, …
Examining The Role Of Presence Of Meaning In Life On Wellbeing In Emerging Adulthood., Hannah K. Heitz
Examining The Role Of Presence Of Meaning In Life On Wellbeing In Emerging Adulthood., Hannah K. Heitz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emerging adults face numerous challenges and stressors, such as financial stress, which often accompanies the experience of educational and occupational transitions. As such, it is important to identify personal resources, or protective factors, to help emerging adults buffer the experience of financial stress. Presence of meaning in life has been identified as a resource that can buffer the negative effects of stressors on wellbeing among adults and adolescents, yet there is little empirical evidence for its moderating effect among emerging adults. There is some evidence in the literature that suggests that emerging adults experience presence of meaning in life differently …
Safe At Home: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Team Sports’ Perceived Influence On Ptsd Symptoms In Military Veterans., Jeffrey M. Ward
Safe At Home: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Team Sports’ Perceived Influence On Ptsd Symptoms In Military Veterans., Jeffrey M. Ward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Team sports have been a staple of life for over 150 years. Presently, no research has been undertaken on the possibility of team sports as an intervention with PTSD in military veterans. The primary aim of this investigation was to explore how participation in team sports can alter veterans’ perceptions of their PTSD symptoms and overall well-being. Using phenomenological qualitative semi-structured interviews with eight veterans engaged in team sports, the research highlights the transformative power and holistic health benefits of such involvement. This dissertation used a two-paper format: The first paper identified direct perceived influences of team sports, revealing promising …
Racial Identity & Psychological Distress: The Mediating Role Of Sense Of Community And Spiritual Struggles Among Black Christians., Adebayo Ajibade
Racial Identity & Psychological Distress: The Mediating Role Of Sense Of Community And Spiritual Struggles Among Black Christians., Adebayo Ajibade
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Religious practice and church membership have historically been protective and critical in Black communities in the United States and across the African diaspora. Demographic studies have shown a consistent decline in religious adherence and practice across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. However, the decline in religious practice and participation in religious communities has been less pronounced among individuals of African descent. Participation in one’s religious community is often a source of positive social engagement and can foster positive intrapersonal outcomes (e.g., wellbeing). However, religious communities and religious practice can also be the source of conflict and emotional …
Health Professions Education And Critical Action Engagement: A Mixed Method Analysis., Leonda Richardson
Health Professions Education And Critical Action Engagement: A Mixed Method Analysis., Leonda Richardson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Poorer health outcomes disproportionately impact racial/ethnically minoritized (e.g., Black Indigenous People of Color, or BIPOC) populations in the U.S. One plausible reason for the persistence of poorer health outcomes among this population is the teaching of racialized curricular content within academic health professions programs. This includes the absence of appropriate context through explicit socio-political curricular content (SPC) and critical pedagogy (i.e., social and structural determinants of health, history of racism in health care, social justice concepts; dialogue and reflective writing). Racialized curriculum is thought to initiate and/or exacerbate existing racial biases, cultural incompetence, and perpetuate dominant medical ideologies and myths …
Examination Of Model Minority Myth, Mentorship, University Environment, And Sense Of Belonging On The Well-Being Of Asian American Undergraduate And Graduate Students., Stephanie Chin, Stephanie Chin
Examination Of Model Minority Myth, Mentorship, University Environment, And Sense Of Belonging On The Well-Being Of Asian American Undergraduate And Graduate Students., Stephanie Chin, Stephanie Chin
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Even though Asian Americans continue to demonstrate academic excellence and have the highest rates of completion in higher education, their psychological well-being and the factors impacting it are often overlooked due to the model minority myth (Poon et al., 2016; Mahalingham, 2013). Higher education research mainly focuses on academic outcomes (e.g., persistence and retention) and less so on psychological outcomes. This study explored and examined psychosociocultural factors, specifically internalization of the model minority myth stereotype, mentorship, university environment, and sense of belonging on psychological (eudaimonic) well-being, in order to provide a more holistic and contextualized perspective of Asian American students’ …
Unveiling Emergency Psychiatric Healthcare Disparities: An Analysis Of U.S. Emergency Department Encounters., Anna Elizabeth Kelecy
Unveiling Emergency Psychiatric Healthcare Disparities: An Analysis Of U.S. Emergency Department Encounters., Anna Elizabeth Kelecy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis seeks to uncover emergency psychiatric healthcare disparities by examining data of emergency departments from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, years 2020 and 2021. The two outcome variables are the length of stay in the emergency department and the urgency with which a patient should be seen. There are multiple independent variables that are analyzed, including age, residence, sex, race/ethnicity, pay type, region, and metropolitan statistical area status. The results indicate that there are disparities, especially in terms of race/ethnicity, region, and metropolitan statistical area status for each dependent variable. These findings indicate that there may be …
Housing Policy And Eviction: An Iterative Process., Oleksandra Maksymivna Belinova
Housing Policy And Eviction: An Iterative Process., Oleksandra Maksymivna Belinova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previously, eviction has been perceived as a legal problem rather than a social issue. Previous literature examines eviction as a social problem and the role of program administrators in policy implementation. Through a mixed-methods study of in-depth semi structured interviews and secondary descriptive analysis of eviction data, this study serves explores program administrators’ perspectives on housing policy and eviction practices and the impact these perspectives have on policy implementation and eviction prevention. The results indicate that program administrators view eviction as a legal phenomenon influenced by housing market dynamics with eviction prevention efforts limited by data collection and the lack …
Social Identity And Personhood At An Early Byzantine Cemetery: Late Antique Child Burials At Syedra, Turkiye., Mekenzie Riley Davis
Social Identity And Personhood At An Early Byzantine Cemetery: Late Antique Child Burials At Syedra, Turkiye., Mekenzie Riley Davis
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bioarchaeological studies of children in the past have proliferated in recent years and illustrate the informational depths accessible through investigations of mortality, age, and health and disease. Alongside analyses of childhood stress and mortality, the mortuary treatment of children provides critical insight into the social structures and identity formation processes that individuals or groups are subject to in life. This thesis will investigate the intersections of childhood, gender and sex, space, and mortuary treatment as seen in a Byzantine cemetery comprised primarily of children at the site of Syedra, Türkiye through bioarchaeological and proteomic analysis. Specifically, it seeks to explore …
Examining Associations Between Parental Meta-Emotion, Child Adhd Symptoms, And Socioemotional Impairments., Meaghan Flynn
Examining Associations Between Parental Meta-Emotion, Child Adhd Symptoms, And Socioemotional Impairments., Meaghan Flynn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Children with elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at increased risk for social and emotional problems compared to typically developing peers. Emerging research has suggested targeting parental emotion socialization practices to enhance socioemotional development among this population. Interventions have explored how targeting specific emotion socialization behaviors may promote emotional and social functioning for youth with ADHD; however, little research has evaluated how underlying parental attitudes may influence these behaviors and outcomes. Parental meta-emotion philosophy (PMEP) refers to an organized set of thoughts and beliefs on how parents view the purpose of emotions, expression of emotions, and how these beliefs are …
Risk Perception, Diabetes Risk Knowledge, And Fatalism In Adults At Risk For Type 2 Diabetes: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective., Cassandra M. Gonzalez
Risk Perception, Diabetes Risk Knowledge, And Fatalism In Adults At Risk For Type 2 Diabetes: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective., Cassandra M. Gonzalez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Rising rates of diabetes in the U.S. indicate an urgent need to explore and understand factors that elucidate individual diabetes risk. Research of fatalism, the belief that events are predetermined, suggests that fatalistic beliefs influence, shape, and potentially determine health behavior and decision-making. The Theory of Self-Determination posits the importance of motivation and competence in health behavior outcomes. The present study aimed to expand fatalism research by examining associations among fatalism and diabetes-related beliefs and knowledge, including perceived risk and risk knowledge, within the Self-Determination theoretical framework. Methods: Participants were 130 adults aged 26 to 64 without diabetes at …
Coproduction Revisited: From Theory To Practice., Brenton Clarke Hereford
Coproduction Revisited: From Theory To Practice., Brenton Clarke Hereford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Coproduction, or the interaction of citizens with their public service provider, has been used in policy responses to a myriad of service delivery problems, especially policing. This dissertation uses a three-manuscript approach to revisit coproduction both as a theory and a practice. The first manuscript tracks the evolution of coproduction as a theory from three different disciplines: economics, urban theory, and public administration. In addressing the three disciplines, the manuscript explains what broadly united the coproduction literature and the differences that hindered the early development of the concept. It concludes with how the concept is used today, and how future …
An Exploratory Study Of Flora Poaching In Central Appalachia, Mckinley Bowers
An Exploratory Study Of Flora Poaching In Central Appalachia, Mckinley Bowers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of flora poaching among conservation officers, park rangers and botanists within Central Appalachia. Though some work has sought to understand poaching in other forms, such as animal poaching, little is known regarding the poaching of plants. This is especially true within the Appalachian Region. Several research questions were explored in this study, including the types of flora being poached, the characteristics of poachers, poaching tactics utilized, and deterrence measures that are currently in place. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals working in the field. Findings contribute to the …
Co-Rumination, Psychological Inflexibility, And Internalizing Symptoms In Adolescence, John Parigger
Co-Rumination, Psychological Inflexibility, And Internalizing Symptoms In Adolescence, John Parigger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two risk factors for anxiety and depression in adolescence were examined: co-rumination, which occurs when friends excessively talk about problems; and psychological inflexibility, which occurs when one avoids negative feelings and fails to act on values. I hypothesized that psychological inflexibility would exacerbate the effect of co-rumination on adolescent anxiety and depression. Participants were 167 adolescents (Mage = 14.60 years, SD = 1.3; 65.7% cisgender males) who completed standard measures as part of an online survey. Results indicated no moderation effect, but there were main effects of co-rumination and psychological inflexibility on depression symptoms. Co-rumination may relate to …
Informed Consent Document Delivery: Effects On Appalachian Caregivers' Comprehension, Trust In Researchers, And Willingness To Participate, Tess A. Simpson
Informed Consent Document Delivery: Effects On Appalachian Caregivers' Comprehension, Trust In Researchers, And Willingness To Participate, Tess A. Simpson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether altering an informed consent document (ICD), in ways that either promote or inhibit accessibility, would affect potential participants’ willingness to participate in a child development laboratory-based study. Specifically, I was interested in assessing the willingness to participate of historically underrepresented groups, especially Appalachian caregiver-child dyads. I altered three parameters of a previously approved and employed ICD to explore whether these parameters impacted Appalachian caregivers’ comprehension of the study, willingness to participate, and trust in the researchers. The manipulated parameters included reading level, utilization of illustrative pictures, and inclusion of text-to-speech …
Dengue And Climate Change: Assessing Potential Future Areas Of Concern For Transmission In The United States, Matthew Beer
Dengue And Climate Change: Assessing Potential Future Areas Of Concern For Transmission In The United States, Matthew Beer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Global climate change severely impacts human life, particularly health, as rising temperatures and extreme weather affect physical and mental well-being. Climate change can also alter the risk factors and epidemiology of infectious diseases, notably vector-borne diseases (VBDs), including those transmitted by mosquitoes. The Aedes mosquito, responsible for dengue, poses a significant threat due to its prevalence vector. Dengue prevention lacks effective methods beyond vector control, and the current vaccine has limitations, emphasizing the need for intensified research and prevention strategies to mitigate the expanding dengue burden worldwide. The goal of these studies was to establish a novel risk index …
Shame, Guilt, And Behavioral Responses To Conflict In Organizational Life: A Correlational Study, Lori Anne Shaw
Shame, Guilt, And Behavioral Responses To Conflict In Organizational Life: A Correlational Study, Lori Anne Shaw
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated the relationship between self-conscious emotions, namely shame and guilt, and constructive and destructive behavioral responses to conflict among working adults in the United States. Researchers have underscored the importance of task-focused conflict and adaptive leadership in fostering positive conflict outcomes. However, the connection between shame and guilt and behavioral responses has yet to be explored. Drawing upon the Conflict Dynamics Profile and the Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3, this correlational study examined the associations between shame and guilt and 15 distinct behavioral responses to conflict among a sample of 203 participants, mostly women employed full-time. The cross-sectional survey …