Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Clinical Effectiveness Of Concise Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With Or Without Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders; A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial In Clinical Practice, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, T Van Veen, R Wolterbeek, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders contribute to a high disease burden. This paper investigates whether concise formats of cognitive behavioral- and/or pharmacotherapy are equivalent with longer standard care in the treatment of depressive and/or anxiety disorders in secondary mental health care. Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled equivalence trial was conducted at five Dutch outpatient Mental Healthcare Centers (MHCs) of the Regional Mental Health Provider (RMHP) 'Rivierduinen'. Patients (aged 18-65 years) with a mild to moderate anxiety and/or depressive disorder, were randomly allocated to concise or standard care. Data were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months by Routine Outcome …

Physical Activity And Fitness Outcomes Of A Lifestyle Intervention For Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Adrienne Forsyth, Frank P. Deane, Peter G. Williams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Patients currently being treated for depression and/or anxiety were referred by their GP and randomised to a 12-week individually tailored diet and exercise lifestyle intervention or an attention control group. Assessments at baseline and 12 weeks included the Active Australia Survey for self-reported physical activity, chair stands, arm curls and a 3-min step test to measure physical fitness. Intent-to-treat analyses using linear mixed modelling showed both groups significantly improved participation in physical activity and muscular endurance. There were no significant differences in improvement between groups. The only group by time interaction was found for body mass index and indicated greater …

Online Gaming In The Context Of Social Anxiety, Bianca Lee, Peter R. Leeson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In 2014, over 23 million individuals were playing massive multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). In light of the framework provided by Davis's (2001) cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use, social anxiety, expressions of true self, and perceived in-game and face-to-face social support were examined as predictors of Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) scores and hours spent playing MMORPGs per week. Data were collected from adult MMORPG players via an online survey (N = 626). Using structural equation modeling, the hypothesized model was tested on 1 half of the sample (N = 313) and then retested on the other half …

Economic Evaluation Of Concise Cognitive Behavioural Therapy And/Or Pharmacotherapy For Depressive And Anxiety Disorders, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, Albert M. Van Hemert, Frans G. Zitman, M E. Van Den Akker-Van Marle

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Depressive and anxiety disorders cause great suffering and disability and are associated with high health care costs. In a previous conducted pragmatic randomised controlled trial, we have shown that a concise format of cognitive behavioural- and/or pharmacotherapy is as effective as standard care in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms and in improving subdomains of general health and quality of life in secondary care psychiatric outpatients. AIMS OF THE STUDY: In this economic evaluation, we examined whether a favourable cost-utility of concise care compared to standard care was attained. METHODS: The economic evaluation was performed alongside a pragmatic randomised controlled …

The Relationship Between Implicit Beliefs, Anxiety, And Attributional Style In High-Level Soccer Players, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study investigated whether attributional style mediated the relationship between implicit beliefs and competition anxiety. Seventy-two soccer players completed the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-Version 2, Sports Competition Anxiety Test, and short form Sports Attributional Style Scale. Entity beliefs were associated with heightened anxiety. Incremental beliefs were associated with lowered anxiety. Uncontrollable and global attributions mediated the relationship between entity beliefs and anxiety. Controllable and specific attributions mediated the relationship between incremental beliefs and anxiety. The social-cognitive model of achievement motivation appears to apply to the sporting domain and may facilitate anxiety and attribution research.

How Specific Are Inhibitory Deficits To Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? A Neurophysiological Comparison With Panic Disorder, Susan Thomas, Craig J. Gonsalvez, Stuart Johnstone

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective Impaired inhibition may perpetuate repetitive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), however OCD-specific deficits have yet to be established. We investigated neural correlates of inhibition in OCD vs. healthy and anxious controls. Methods ERPs and reaction times (RTs) were compared between participants with OCD (n = 20), panic disorder (PD; n = 20) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 20) during an adapted Go/NoGo task, which manipulated inhibitory difficulty. Results A classic P3 NoGo anteriorisation effect occurred across groups. Both clinical groups showed RT impairment, and similar topographical anomalies of several (P2, N2 and P3) ERP components. Notably, both clinical …

Change In Anxiety Following Successful And Unsuccessful Attempts At Smoking Cessation: Cohort Study, Mairtin S. Mcdermott, Theresa M. Marteau, Gareth J. Hollands, Matthew Hankins, Paul Aveyard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Background Despite a lack of empirical evidence, many smokers and health professionals believe that tobacco smoking reduces anxiety, which may deter smoking cessation. Aims The study aim was to assess whether successful smoking cessation or relapse to smoking after a quit attempt are associated with changes in anxiety. Method A total of 491 smokers attending National Health Service smoking cessation clinics in England were followed up 6 months after enrolment in a trial of pharmacogenetic tailoring of nicotine replacement therapy (ISRCTN14352545). Results There was a points difference of 11.8 (95% CI 7.7-16.0) in anxiety score 6 months after cessation between …

Dietary Intake Of Fish And Pufa, And Clinical Depressive And Anxiety Disorders In Women, Felice N. Jacka, Julie A. Pascoe, Lana J. Williams, Barbara J. Meyer, Rebecca Digger, Michael Berk

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fish and PUFA consumption are thought to play a role in mental health; however, many studies do not take into account multiple sources of PUFA. The present study analysed data from a sample of 935 randomly selected, population-based women aged 20-93 years. A validated and comprehensive dietary questionnaire ascertained the consumption of n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Another assessed fish and energy intake and provided data for a dietary quality score. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) measured psychological symptoms and a clinical interview (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition) assessed depressive and anxiety disorders. Median dietary intakes of …

Influences On Students' Dispositions In Key Stage 3: Exploring Enjoyment Of School, Popularity, Anxiety, Citizenship Values And Academic Self-Concepts In Year 9, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Edward Melhuish, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Rebecca Smees, Diana Draghici, Katalin Toth

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The Effective Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education Project (EPPSE) has investigated the academic and social-behavioural development of approximately 3,000 children from the age of 3+ years since 1997. This Research Brief reports on students' dispositions when they were age 14 (Year 9) in six main areas: 'enjoyment of school', 'academic self concept' (English and maths), 'popularity', 'citizenship values' and 'anxiety'. It examines how these dispositions have changed during Key Stage 3 (KS3) and the relationships between dispositions and a range of individual student, family, home, pre-, primary and secondary school measures. It shows how school experiences help to shape dispositions, …

A Randomized Controlled Trial Of The Efficacy And Cost-Effectiveness Of A Brief Intensified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And/Or Pharmacotherapy For Mood And Anxiety Disorders: Design And Methods, Denise Meuldijk, Ingrid V. Carlier, Irene M. Van Vliet, M E. Van Den Akker-Van Marle, Frans G. Zitman

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Anxiety and mood disorders involve a high disease burden and are associated with high economic costs. A stepped-care approach intervention and abbreviated diagnostic method are assumed to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the mental healthcare and are expected to reduce economic costs. Methods: Presented are the rationale, design, and methods of a two-armed randomized controlled trial comparing 'treatment as usual' (TAU) with a brief intensified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and/or pharmacotherapy. Eligible participants (N =500) of five Dutch outpatient Mental Healthcare Centers are randomly assigned to either TAU or to the experimental condition (brief CBT and/or pharmacotherapy). Data on …

Nutrition Status Of Primary Care Patients With Depression And Anxiety, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Peter G. Williams, Frank P. Deane

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition status of people referred to a nutrition and physical activity program for the management of mental health in a general practice.

Complementary Medicine, Exercise, Meditation, Diet, And Lifestyle Modification For Anxiety Disorders: A Review Of Current Evidence, J Sarris, S Moylan, David Camfield, M P. Pase, D Mischoulon, M Berk, F N. Jacka, I Schweitzer

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Use of complementary medicines and therapies (CAM) and modification of lifestyle factors such as physical activity, exercise, and diet are being increasingly considered as potential therapeutic options for anxiety disorders. The objective of this metareview was to examine evidence across a broad range of CAM and lifestyle interventions in the treatment of anxiety disorders. In early 2012 we conducted a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Library, for key studies, systematic reviews, and metaanalyses in the area. Our paper found that in respect to treatment of generalized anxiety or specific disorders, CAM evidence …

Ecstasy (Mdma) And Its Relationship With Self Report Depression, Anxiety And Schizotypy, Lisa Woods, Emma Barkus

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract. Aims: The relationship between ecstasy and affective psychological symptoms are still subject to debate. We aimed to examine the relationship between Ecstasy use and self-report depression, anxiety and schizotypy. Design: Data were collected via structured remote self-report questionnaires. Participants: Participants were split into three groups: a control group with no ecstasy use, a light ecstasy user group (<50 >times), and a heavy ecstasy user group (>50 times). Measurements: Amount and patterns of ecstasy use were recorded, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) measured depression and anxiety respectively, and schizotypal traits were measured using the …

A Hypomorphic Vasopressin Allele Prevents Anxiety-Related Behavior, Mirjam Bunck, Ludwig Czibere, Charlotte Horvath, Cornelia Graf, Elisabeth T. Frank, Melanie S. Kebler, Chris Murgatroyd, Bertram Muller-Myhsok, Mariya Gonik, Peter Weber, Benno Putz, Patrik Muigg, Markus Panhuysen, Nicolas Singewald, Thomas Bettecken, Jan M. Deussing, Florian Holsboer, Dietmar Spengler, Rainer Landgraf

Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive)

In this study, microarray analysis, in situ hybridization, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of the vasopressin gene (Avp) in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of adult LAB mice compared to HAB, NAB (normal anxiety-related behavior) and HABxLAB F1 intercross controls, without detecting differences in receptor expression or density. By sequencing the regions 2.5 kbp up- and downstream of the Avp gene locus, we could identify several polymorphic loci, differing between the HAB and LAB lines. In the gene promoter, a deletion of twelve bp Δ(−2180–2191) is particularly likely to contribute to the reduced Avp …

The Relationship Between Driving Anxiety And Driving Skill: A Review Of Human Factors And Anxiety-Performance Theories To Clarify Future Research Needs, Joanne Taylor, Frank P. Deane, John Podd

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article examines theory and identifies gaps in research related to the role of driving skills in driving anxiety. Increasingly, investigators have examined the clinical features of driving anxiety and the more severe situation of driving fear and phobia, but the possible involvement of driving skills has been neglected. This is surprising given the potential implications for skills training and remediation in the assessment and treatment of some of those who experience driving anxiety, fear, and phobia. The largest body of relevant research comes from the driving and human factors literature on the relationship between anxiety and driving performance. The …

Influences On Pupils' Self-Perceptions In Primary School: Enjoyment Of School, Anxiety And Isolation, And Self-Image In Year 5, Pam Sammons, Kathy Sylva, Iram Siraj-Blatchford, Brenda Taggart, Rebecca Smees, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This report presents the results of analyses of pupils' self-perceptions in primary school. It is part of the longitudinal Effective Pre-school and Primary Education 3-11 (EPPE 3-11) research project funded by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). The focus of this report is pupils' self-perceptions in Year 5 (age 10) in four key areas: 'Enjoyment of school'; 'Academic self-image'; 'Behavioural self-image' and 'Anxiety and Isolation'. Reports on pupils' cognitive and social/behavioural development at this age have been published separately (Sammons et al., 2007). Questionnaires were administered to children asking their views about school and classroom life. These provided …

Testing The Relationship Between Personality, Computer Self-Efficacy And Computer Anxiety, Shae-Leigh C. Vella, Peter Caputi, Rohan Jayasuriya

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper discusses research in progress that examines the relationship between personality, computer self- efficacy and computer anxiety. An extension of the model proposed by Thatcher and Perrewe (2002) is discussed. This extended model considers the role of personality in determining the antecedents of variables affecting computer anxiety and self-efficacy, and how in turn computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy influence task performance. The methodology for testing the model is also presented.

Performance, Anxiety: The Video Games Arcade And Urban Space, Jason Wilson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In a recent gaming anthology, Henry Jenkins cannot help contrasting his son's cramped, urban, media-saturated existence with his own idyllic, semi-rural childhood. After describing his own Huck Finn meanderings over "the spaces of my boyhood" including the imaginary kingdoms of Jungleoca and Freedonia, Jenkins relates his version of his son's experiences:

My son, Henry, now 16 has never had a backyard He has grown up in various apartment complexes, surrounded by asphalt parking lots with, perhaps, a small grass buffer from the street… Once or twice, when I became exasperated by my son's constant presence around the house I would …