Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Evolution Of Time Constructs And Their Impact On Socioeconomic Planning, F. Gregory Hayden

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

The primary focus of the institutionalist perspective is instrumentalist problem solving. Problems are delivered by the institutional process and solved by altering the social structure. To solve socioeconomic problems, planning is necessary. Important to any planning is the question of when actions and events are to occur. To effect new social structures, actions and events must be properly sequenced. An analytical core of sequencing events is time analysis. John R. Commons stated that, in addition to knowing what to do, the economist who has the power and responsibility for planning "must know what, when, how much and how far to …

Precis Of Vaulting Ambition: Sociobiology And The Quest For Human Nature, Philip Kitcher, Patrick Bateson (Comment By), Jon Beckwith (Comment By), Irwin S. Bernstein (Comment By), Patricia Smith Churchland (Comment By), Patricia Draper (Comment By), John Dupre (Comment By), Andrew Futterman (Comment By), Michael T. Ghiselin (Comment By), Henry Harpending (Comment By), Timothy D. Johnston (Comment By), Garland E. Allen (Comment By), Michael E. Lamb (Comment By), W. C. Mcgrew (Comment By), H. C. Plotkin (Comment By), Alexander Rosenberg (Comment By), Peter T. Saunders (Comment By), Mae-Wan Ho (Comment By), Peter Singer (Comment By), Eric Aiden Smith (Comment By), Peter K. Smith (Comment By), Elliot Sober (Comment By), Nils C. Stenseth (Comment By), Donald Symons (Comment By)

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

The debate about the credentials of sociobiology has persisted because scholars have failed to distinguish the varieties of sociobiology and because too little attention has been paid to the details of the arguments that are supposed to support the provocative claims about human social behavior. I seek to remedy both dcfieieneies. After analysis of the relationships among different kinds of sociobiology and contemporary evolutionary theory, I attempt to show how some of the studies of the behavior of nonhuman animals meet the methodological standards appropriate to evolutionary research. I contend that the efforts of E. O. Wilson, Richard Alexander, Charles …

Wpa News 17 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (August 1987), number 17

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Agribusiness Skills Required By Secondary Vocational Agriculture Students As Perceived By Nebraska Vocational Agriculture Instructors And Agribusiness Managers, David Ray Spotanski

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The study was conducted to determine what skills are required for a vocational agriculture student to gain employment in a Nebraska agribusiness as perceived by 36 Nebraska vocational agriculture instructors and 180 Nebraska agribusiness managers. A mailed survey was used to collect data for the survey. The survey return rate for the agribusiness respondents was 78 percent and the return rate for the vocational agriculture instructors was 86 percent. The Likert Method of Summated Ratings was used to rate 40 agribusiness skills on a scale of 1 to 9. Means, standard deviations and analysis of variance were computed for each …

Nebraska Farm Real Estate Market Developments 1986-87, Bruce B. Johnson

Nebraska Farm Real Estate Reports

The market value for Nebraska farmland continued to fall during 1986 but generally at a more moderate rate of decline than that of previous years. Results of the 1987 Nebraska farm real estate market survey indicate that afarmland values fell 9.7 percent for the 12 month period ending February 1, 1987. this current rate of decline is considerably less than the 23.5 percent decrease reported last year (1986) and 24.7 percent decline during 1985.

Farmland values have declined the past six consecutive years across the state. By 1987, the average value for Nebraska farmland had dropped 59 percent from its …

Wpa News 16 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (July 1987), number 16

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Participation And Independence Of Consumers In A Health Systems Agency, Keith J. Mueller , John C. Comer

Department of Political Science: Faculty Publications

Health Systems Agencies (HSAs) were mandated to include representation of the community, broadly conceived. The implicit intention of the law was to include consumers as important and co-equal participants with providers in health planning. This paper is an examination of consumer participation in one HSA. Contrary to expectations derived from the literature, citizens in this HSA exercised independent judgment regarding the major issue to confront them. We conclude this was a function of the following: talents and skills of the consumer members; natural in¬terest in health care policy by consumer board members, sympathetic and supportive provider board members; and the …

Women Sociologists In The Midwest: A Status Update, Mary Ann Lamanna, Baila Miller, Helen A. Moore

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

In this article, an earlier study of the status of academic women sociologists in the Midwest that was extended to 1984-1985 is discussed. Type of appointment, rank, and chairpersons, as well as position in a Ph.D. rather than an M.A. program were used in the study as indicators of employment status. Midwest Sociological Society (MSS) leadership positions and participation in the annual MSS meeting served as indicators of professional participation. The results show that gains in employment status for women slowed in the 1980s. Employment of women in sociology department positions, especially in full-time positions and higher ranks, continued to …

History Of The Department Of Agricultural Leadership, Education And Communication, Elvin F. Frolik, Ralston J. Graham, James T. Horner

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Names of the Department
Administrators
Location of Headquarters
The Formative Years
Practice Teaching Centers
Cooperation with Teachers College
Present Administration Organization
Teaching: A Unique Role
The Graduate Program
Vocational Agriculture Contests
Student Club
Research
Related Organizations
Staff Recognition
References

Effects Of Planting Date On Development Of Net Blotch Epidemics In Winter Barley In Pennsylvania, Leslie M. Delserone, H. Cole Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries: Faculty Publications

The influence of planting date on fall and spring net blotch epidemics (caused by Pyrenophora teres) was evaluated with the winter barley cultivar Pennrad. Experiments were conducted in Centre County, Pennsylvania, in 1982 and 1983 and in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1983. The three planting dates evaluated corresponded to the recommended date as well as dates I wk earlier and later than recommended for each specific location. Planting date had a significant influence on fall net blotch epidemics, with the greatest and least disease severities observed in the earliest and latest plantings, respectively. When spring environmental conditions were warm …

A Study Of Selected Graduates To Determine The Effectiveness Of The Vocational Programs At Boys' Town, Grant Magnuson

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Factors Limiting Vocational Agriculture Student Participation In Supervised Occupational Experience Programs In Nebraska, Richard M. Foster

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Supervised occupational experience (SOE) programs have been a part of vocational agriculture and agribusiness since its inception. The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 provided federal funding for vocational agriculture and required ". . . directed or supervised practice in agriculture, either on a farm provided by the school or other farm, f o r a t least six months per year" (Stimson, 1919). Vocational agriculture and the industry of agriculture have changed dramatically since that time. However, the role of SOE in the comprehensive vocational agriculture program remains fundamentally the same (Barrick, 1981).

Lee (1980) expressed concern that SOE in our …

Effects Of Classroom Testing By Microcomputer, Blannie E. Bowen, David M. Agnew

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Microcomputers are being used for a variety of purposes , but research about their instructional effectiveness lags behind adoption rates for the technology . However, several researchers have examined competencies vocational education teachers need to use effectively this emerging technology These studies were explorative and descriptive in nature.

Importance Of Mechanical Activities Performed By Outstanding Young Farmers In Mississippi, David M. Agnew, Glen Shinn

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Significant changes are occurring in the work place, and these changes must be reflected in the vocational education curriculum. A task force of the American Vocational Association (1981) developed a national agenda for vocational education which identified remaining current in the technical subject area as a major concern among vocational educators. More recently, a national study on vocational education placed the topic of “Keeping up with technological changes” third on a list of 60 topics of concern (Zellner & Parrish, 1986). Vocational agriculture faces a similar challenge to meet the needs of the changing agricultural industry. Curriculum content rapidly becomes …

Professionalism Of Vocational Agriculture Instructors As Perceived By Vocational Agriculture Instructors And Superintendents In Nebraska Public Secondary Schools, Allen G. Blezek

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Faculty Publications

Vocational agriculture instructors, teacher educators and state supervisory staff are expected to demonstrate a high degree of professionalism in their respective positions. At the same time, many of them would be hard pressed to provide a concise definition of "professionalism." j Lee (1981) defined professionalism as "how individuals or groups of individuals conform to the characteristics expected of them by virtue of their occupation." Allen (1978) stated that "being a professional carries with it certain roles and responsibilities. The three areas with which we should be concerned are: professional status, professional improvement and professional organizations."

Notes & News (Great Plains Quarterly 7:2 [Spring 1987])

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

IN MEMORIAM Margaret Laurence

Twelfth annual conference, to be held 16-18 March 1988, will be "The Arts on the Plains: The Role of Institutions."

Western Literature Association will hold its annual meeting at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln 15-17 October 1987

Baylor University will hold a national symposium entitled "Regionalism: Concepts and Applications" 1-3 October 1987.

Many back issues of Great Plains Quarterly are still available

ERRATA -- Prairie Politics and Society: Regionalism in Decline, by Roger Gibbins, was attributed to the wrong publisher in a review

Song Texts And Their Performers: The Centerpiece Of Contemporary Lakota Identity Formulation, R. D. Theisz

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

During the 1960s and 1970s both American Indians and non-Indians showed intense interest in and awareness of the Indian world, and many traditional activities became more popular. This boom atmosphere has waned in the late 1980s, and Indian youths and young adults have therefore changed the focus of their search for identity formulation. In this article, I have been concerned with an aspect of Lakota traditionalism that is being granted more and more significance in the Lakota scheme of things-traditional song and dance. I have based the article on my readings in ethnomusicological literature, my informal observations over many years …

Wpa News 15 (1987), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (March 1987), number 15

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Sex Role Socialization In Picture Books: An Update, J. Allen Williams Jr., Joetta Vernon, Martha C. Williams, Karen Malecha

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

In a content analysis of children’s picture books, Weitzman et al, (1972) found females depicted far less often than males, and those females who were included tended to play traditional, stereotypical roles. The present study updates this research. Findings indicate that, while the ratio of females to males is now closer to parity, storybook characters continue to walk the well-worn paths of tradition.

Section I- The Cognitive Psychometric Connection

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section I- The Cognitive Psychometric Connection

Section Ii- Cognitive Approaches To Psychometric Issues: Applications

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section II- COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS

Section Iii- Methodological Issues

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section III- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

Title Page And Contents- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, Jane Close Conoley, Royce R. Ronning, John A. Glover, Joseph C. Witt

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Contents

Foreword ix

1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing...........1

PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION

2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence...................11

3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement ...................41

4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis.........................87

PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS

5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities...................145

6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement...191

PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques..................229

8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities.....................267

Author Index …

Foreword- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, James V. Mitchell Jr.

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

For over 40 years Oscar K. Buros was Director of the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements and Editor of the Mental Measurements Yearbooks. He was a crusader, and he devoted his entire career to his crusade. He was a crusader for better tests and the more effective selection and use of tests, and he used the Mental Measurements Yearbooks as the principal instrument in this crusade. Buros passed away in 1978, and his widow, Luella Buros, worked tirelessly to find a new home for the Institute. As a result of her efforts the Institute was relocated at the University …

2. Science, Technology, And Intelligence, Earl Hunt

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The intelligence test has been cited as psychology's most important technological contribution to society. Whether this is good or ill can be debated (Eysenck, 1979; Gould, 1981; Herrnstein, 1971; Kamin, 1974). Certain facts are not really subject to debate . Psychologists can and have developed "standardized interviews" that, on a population basis, provide a cost effective technique for personnel classification in industrial, military, and some government settings. However, the tests are very far from perfect indicators. Validity coefficients between tests and performance ratings typically range in the .3 to .5 range (i.e. , from 10 to 25% of the variance …

6. Theoretical Implications From Protocol Analysis On Testing And Measurement, K. Anders Ericsson

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

One of the goals of psychology has always been to describe, understand, and measure individual differences. The diversity of human behavior makes it particularly challenging to seek to identify general and stable underlying elements that correspond to systematic individual differences . A major problem in the efforts to identify such elements is that the elements cannot be observed directly. The primary method has been to use the current psychological theory to develop procedures to measure such hypothetical elements. In this chapter I present a new theoretic framework, based on verbal reports from subjects, for identifying and measuring individual differences. I …

7. Structure And Process In Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling And Related Techniques, Edward J. Shoben, Brian H. Ross

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

INTRODUCTION

The goal of cognitive psychology is to provide a general understanding of human cognitive processes through the development of general, formal models of cognition. Although it is clearly true that some areas (such as memory) have been more highly developed than others, it is undeniable that cognitive psychology has witnessed a proliferation of models in the past decade. Perhaps researchers are finding it increasingly difficult to discriminate among competing memory models because the constraints are so weak. One possibility that will be explored in this chapter is the prospect of using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and related procedures as a …

3. Toward A Cognitive Theory For The Measu Rement Of Achievement, Robert Glaser, Alan Lesgold, Susanne Lajoie

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

INTRODUCTION

Given the demands for higher levels of learning in our schools and the press for education in the skilled trades, the professions, and the sciences, we must develop more powerful and specific methods for assessing achievement. We need forms of assessment that educators can use to improve educational practice and to diagnose individual progress by monitoring the outcomes of learning and training. Compared to the well-developed technology for aptitude measurement and selection testing, however, the measurement of achievement and diagnosis of learning problems is underdeveloped. This is because the correlational models that support prediction are insufficient for the task …

4. The G Beyond Factor Analysis, Arthur R. Jensen

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The problem of g, essentially , concerns two very fundamental questions: (1) Why are scores on various mental ability tests positively correlated? and (2) Why do people differ in performance on such tests?

SOME DEFINITIONS

To insure that we are talking the same language, we must review a few definitions. Clarity, explicitness, and avoidance of excess meaning or connotative overtones are virtues of a definition. Aside from these properties, a definition per se affords nothing to argue about. It has nothing to do with truth or reality; it is a formality needed for communication.

A mental ability test consists …

5. The Assessment Of Cognitive Factors In Academic Abilities, Stephen L. Benton, Kenneth A. Kiewra

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Nearly 30 years ago, Lee Cronbach (1957) distinguished between the two disciplines of correlational psychology, which investigated naturally occurring individual variance in behavior, and experimental psychology, which examined the effectiveness of certain treatments on behavior. Essentially, correlational psychology examined individual differences using factor analytic techniques; whereas experimental psychology attempted to eliminate individual differences using appropriate interventions. Cronbach believed that these two disciplines should join together to promote aptitude-treatment interaction (A Tl) research that would identify effective treatments for certain types of individuals. With this combined approach, different treatments could be prescribed for skilled and less skilled individuals.

The A Tl …