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Articles 9091 - 9120 of 9281

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Persistent Alterations Of The Autonomic Nervous System After Noncardiac Surgery, David Amar, Martin Fleisher, Carol B Pantuck, Harry Shamoon, Hao Zhang, Nancy Roistacher, Denis H. Y. Leung, Ilana Ginsburg, Richard M. Smiley Jul 1998

Persistent Alterations Of The Autonomic Nervous System After Noncardiac Surgery, David Amar, Martin Fleisher, Carol B Pantuck, Harry Shamoon, Hao Zhang, Nancy Roistacher, Denis H. Y. Leung, Ilana Ginsburg, Richard M. Smiley

Research Collection School Of Economics

IN some patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, important cardiovascular events such as myocardial ischemia or dysrhythmias occur, most commonly on postoperative days 1–5. These early perioperative events have been associated with poor outcome at 18–24 months. Sympathetic neural or hormonal mechanisms have been implicated as causative factors for these complications. In the study of possible effects of surgical stress on these mechanisms, the ability to assess autonomic outflow to target organs such as the heart would be important.

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Factors Which Improve The Construct Validity Of Assessment Centers: A Review, Filip Lievens Jul 1998

Factors Which Improve The Construct Validity Of Assessment Centers: A Review, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article reviews 21 studies which manipulated specific variables to determine their impact on the construct validity of assessment centers. This review shows that the studies regarding the impact of different observation, evaluation, and integration procedures yielded mixed results. Conversely, dimension factors (number, conceptual distinctiveness, and transparency), assessor factors (type of assessor and type of assessor training), and exercise factors (exercise form and use of role-players) were found to moderate construct validity. On the basis of the review, practical recommendations are derived to maximize the probability that practitioners design and administer an assessment center with construct validity. Finally, new perspectives …

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Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee Jul 1998

Stereotyping And Self-Presentation: Effects Of Gender Stereotype Activation, Chi-Yue Chiu, Ying-Yi Hong, Ivy Ching-Man Lam, Jeanne Ho-Ying Fu, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Venus Sau-Lai Lee

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Recent research has shown that the presence of stereotype-relevant environmental cues can inadvertently bias people's judgments of others in the direction of the stereotype. The present research demonstrated analogous activation effects on self-stereotyping. In two experiments, the effects of stereotype activation on the tendencies to stereotype others and to self-stereotype were examined. Experiment 1 tested whether incidental exposure to gender-related materials might activate gender stereotypes and hence affect perception of another person. Experiment 2 investigated gender stereotype activation effects on female and male high school students' self-presentation behaviors. The results showed that incidental exposure to stereotype-relevant environmental cues increased both …

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What Makes A Life Good?, Laura A. King, Christie N. Scollon Jul 1998

What Makes A Life Good?, Laura A. King, Christie N. Scollon

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Two studies examined folk concepts of the good life. Samples of college students (N=104) and community adults (N=264) were shown a career survey ostensibly completed by a person rating his or her occupation. After reading the survey, participants judged the desirability and moral goodness of the respondent's life, as a function of the amount of happiness, meaning in life, and wealth experienced. Results revealed significant effects of happiness and meaning on ratings of desirability and moral goodness. In the college sample, individuals high on all 3 independent variables were judged as likely to go to heaven. In the adult sample, …

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Fatalism Reconceptualized: A Concept To Predict Health Screening Behavior, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow Jun 1998

Fatalism Reconceptualized: A Concept To Predict Health Screening Behavior, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Social norms governing health seeking behavior affect perceived self-efficacy which in turn determines if self-directed change is sustained. Using this argument, we contextualized the link between social background and preventive health behavior. We argued that fatalism influenced self-efficacy, which in turn affected acceptability of four screen tests: mammography, clinical breast examination, breast self-examination, and the Pap Smear Test. A seven-item index was developed to measure fatalism. From data obtained through a community survey of women between 50 to 65 years, the index was validated. Logistic regression was conducted to verify the empirical link between fatalism and the four screen tests. …

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Exalting The Past: Nostalgia And The Construction Of Heritage In Children's Literature, Lily Kong, Lily Tay Jun 1998

Exalting The Past: Nostalgia And The Construction Of Heritage In Children's Literature, Lily Kong, Lily Tay

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this paper, we analyse the portrayal of Singapore in local children's literature and seek to understand why such a portrayal was prominent, and to what effect. We argue that this literature is characterized by a nostalgic recollection of past times and places. This emergence of the past as an important concern in Singapore is not limited to the literary arena, but reflects a larger condition: a broader adult yearning to transcend the constrictions of present place and time. We suggest that this nostalgia has surfaced because of the phenomenal changes in Singapore, which have caused people to come face …

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Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan Apr 1998

Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971, K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978, D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of …

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China's Reunification And International Security In Northeast Asia: After Hong Kong What?, James T. H. Tang Mar 1998

China's Reunification And International Security In Northeast Asia: After Hong Kong What?, James T. H. Tang

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This paper examines the implications of Hong Kong's reunification with China oncross-strait relationship between mainland China and Taiwan. It begins with adiscussion of the international security situation in the region and the increasingimportance of the People's Republic of China on regional security. The paper thenaddresses the political and economic consequences of the sovereignty change overHong Kong on regional security, identifying the added strength to China on the onehand, and the Special Administrative Region's moderating influences on the other.Finally, it evaluates possible changes of the Beijing government's Taiwan policy. Inconclusion, the paper argues that China's reunion with Hong Kong may have …

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Refocusing On Qualitative Methods: Problems And Prospects For Research In A Specific Asian Context, Lily Kong Mar 1998

Refocusing On Qualitative Methods: Problems And Prospects For Research In A Specific Asian Context, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

A recent issue of Area (1996, Volume 28.2) devoted space to six papers on focus groups, attesting to their increasing importance as a means of obtaining qualitative data. The papers provided interesting insights into the use of focus groups in specific research and cultural contexts, and raised three main issues in my mind. The first is a continuing misunderstanding as to the nature of knowledge, which surfaces in discussions of, and approaches to, the use of qualitative methods such as focus groups. The second is the range of related techniques that are actually involved in the qualitative method, known as …

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An Integrated Web-Based Ill System For Singapore Libraries, Schubert Foo, Ee Peng Lim Jan 1998

An Integrated Web-Based Ill System For Singapore Libraries, Schubert Foo, Ee Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The paper proposes an integrated Web-based inter-library loan (ILL) system to replace and enhance the existing manual-based ILL system used by Singapore libraries. It describes the system requirements that must be supported in order to make it a viable and acceptable solution to all participating libraries. Subsequently, it presents the client-server Web-based system architecture, database design and Java development platform that are used to implement the system. The new system exhibits a host of advantages over the manual system including the minimising of human resource by eliminating form-filling and other forms of paper work completely, improving the access and speed …

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Book Review: Taoism Under The T'Ang: Religion And Empire During The Golden Age Of Chinese History By T. H. Barrett, Alan Kam Leung Chan Jan 1998

Book Review: Taoism Under The T'Ang: Religion And Empire During The Golden Age Of Chinese History By T. H. Barrett, Alan Kam Leung Chan

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

To those who are interested in learning about (1) the language and inter- pretation of emotion in South and East Asian thought, (2) the philosoph- ical debates surrounding the nature and ethics of emotion, and (3) ways of doing comparative philosophy, Emotions in Asian Thought, edited by Joel Marks and Roger T. Ames, will not disappoint. Individually, the twelve essays collected here display considerable erudition and/or philosophical rigor.

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Lee Kuan Yew And His Use Of Spatial-Orientational Metaphors, Siow Heng Ong Jan 1998

Lee Kuan Yew And His Use Of Spatial-Orientational Metaphors, Siow Heng Ong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The Prime Minister's message to the nation after Singapore separated from Malaysia was one of consolidation and moving ahead. This was not an easy task for the speaker as the year before Singapore separated from Malaysia, the race riots had claimed 34 lives.1 These riots were even more prolonged than the Hertogh riots of 1950. Maintaining racial harmony and social integration was an uphill task. The hope for consolidation and a united sense of nationhood seemed distant.

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From Entrepot To Nic: Economic And Structural Policy Aspects Of Singapore's Development, Jochen Wirtz, Thomas Menkhoff Jan 1998

From Entrepot To Nic: Economic And Structural Policy Aspects Of Singapore's Development, Jochen Wirtz, Thomas Menkhoff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper describes the development of Singapore from an entrepot to an industrialized economy and analyzes the role of its structural and industrial policies as one important factor in this success story. The advance of Singapore to an industrialized economy can be structured into four phases. Phase I, the early phase from 1959 to the mid-1960s is characterized by an import substitution policy followed together with Malaysia. Phase II describes the enhanced export-orientation and industrialization from 1967 to 1973. Phase III includes the industrial restructuring from 1973 to 1984. Phase IV describes the development towards diversification of the industrial base …

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The Conditional Heteroscedasticity Of The Yen-Dollar Exchange Rates, Yiu Kuen Tse Jan 1998

The Conditional Heteroscedasticity Of The Yen-Dollar Exchange Rates, Yiu Kuen Tse

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper examines the conditional heteroscedasticity of the yen-dollar exchange rate. A model is constructed by extending the asymmetric power autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to a process that is fractionally integrated. It is found that, unlike the equity markets, the appreciation and depreciation shocks of the yen against the dollar have similar effects on future volatilities. Although the results reject both the stable and the integrated models, our analysis of the response coefficients of the past shocks and the application of the models to the estimation of the capital requirements for trading the currencies show that there are no substantial …

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The End Of Secrecy, Ann Florini Jan 1998

The End Of Secrecy, Ann Florini

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Two standards of behavior are slugging it out around the world. Advocates of well-established norms such as corporate privacy and national sovereignty want to hide information from prying eyes, while promoters of transparency tout it as the solution to everything from international financial crises to arms races and street crime. Just what is transparency? Put simply, transparency is the opposite of secrecy. Secrecy means deliberately hiding your actions; transparency means deliberately revealing them. This element of volition makes the growing acceptance of transparency much more than a resigned surrender to the technologically facilitated intrusiveness of the Information Age. Transparency is …

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The New Singapore Law On Antidumping And Countervailing Duties, Locknie Hsu Jan 1998

The New Singapore Law On Antidumping And Countervailing Duties, Locknie Hsu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The Countervailing and Anti-dumping Duties Act 1996 ("the Act") came into effect on 1 November 1996.1 This legislation was enacted to bring Singapore's law in relation to countervailing duties, subsidies and antidumping into conformity with requirements of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements It also updates the law by repealing the outmoded Customs (Subsidies and Anti-dumping) Act. The new rules and procedures in the Act are meant to "give added assurance and certainty to the local and foreign parties concerned whenever an action is instituted."In addition to the Act, detailed regulations have also been passed. The Act follows the basic …

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The Ideology Of Miss Thailand In National, Consumerist And Transnational Space, William A. Callahan Jan 1998

The Ideology Of Miss Thailand In National, Consumerist And Transnational Space, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Every morning at 8:00 a.m. (with flag-raising) and every evening at 6:00 P.M. (with flag lowering) the official symbolic identity of Thai- land is displayed - by state order - on television. These displays are a graphic daily reminder of how nationalism, the military, and the media are tightly bound together in Thailand. Though it seems like a timeless tradition of respect for essential national symbols, this tele- vized ritual is the result of a "revolutionary order" issued by the right-wing dictators who took power with the brutal October 6, 1976, massacre and military coup.1 These media productions are part …

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Comparing The Discourse Of Popular Politics In Korea And China: From Civil Society To Social Movements, William A. Callahan Jan 1998

Comparing The Discourse Of Popular Politics In Korea And China: From Civil Society To Social Movements, William A. Callahan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Korea Journal’s series of articles addressing the question of civil society are a timely addition to the struggle over the discourse of democracy which is common to many countries in Pacific Asia. Since Professor Han Sang-Jin’s article does an excellent job of critically summarizing Chung Chulhee, Cho Hein and David Steinberg’s arti cles on Korean civil society, it seems that there is not much more to be said on the topic. To add to this discussion I will try to expand the discourse geographically and conceptually. Geographically, I will compare the discourse of popular politics in Korea with that …

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Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas Jan 1998

Liberalism And Multiculturalism: The Politics Of Indifference, Chandran Kukathas

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In modern societies, particularly the societies of the liberal democratic West, cultural diversity poses a challenge not only to the makers of government policy, but also to the philosopher looking to understand how it might be possible-in principle-for people of different ways to live together. The challenge is posed because society's institutions have been challenged, as the members of different groups have demanded "recognition." They have demanded not simply recognition of their claims to a (just) share of the social pie but, more important, recognition of their distinct identities as members of particular cultural communities within society. The persistence and, …

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O Arquipélago Liberal: Contornos De Um Conceito De Liberalismo (In Portuguese), Chandran Kukathas, Ana Barradas Jan 1998

O Arquipélago Liberal: Contornos De Um Conceito De Liberalismo (In Portuguese), Chandran Kukathas, Ana Barradas

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

O objectivo desta comunicação consiste em delinear e defender um con- ceito de liberalismo. Na medida em que o liberalismo proporciona uma teoria sobre a natureza de uma sociedade livre, apresenta os contornos de uma teoria da liberdade particular. Mas a sua preocupação mais imediata é defen- der um modelo peculiar de sociedade livre. A natureza deste modelo talvez possa ser melhor entendida, pelo menos inicialmente, se considerarmos a teoria aqui apresentada como fazendo a defesa de um aspecto de determinada pergunta. Tal pergunta consiste em saber se o liberalismo identifica um conjunto de valores e padrões morais aos quais …

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Curbing Urban Traffic Congestion In Singapore: A Comprehensive Review, Rex S. Toh, Sock-Yong Phang Dec 1997

Curbing Urban Traffic Congestion In Singapore: A Comprehensive Review, Rex S. Toh, Sock-Yong Phang

Research Collection School Of Economics

One of the most pervasive and frustrating of modern transportation problems is urban traffic congestion. Since 1975, Singapore has introduced a relentless series of traditional and experimental measures to slow down the growth of the motor vehicle population and to control its usage. While some of the measures have been somewhat successful, some of the problems were shifted or were substituted. The Area Licensing Scheme led to a shifting of the problem in time and place while the quota system has substituted uncertainty in quantity with uncertainty in price. Furthermore, the Preferential Additional Registration Fee system and the Quota System …

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A Framework For Reaching Agreement On Climate Change: Morals, Self-Interest, And Strategy, F. Ted Tschang, N. S. Murthy, K. S. Kavi Kumar Dec 1997

A Framework For Reaching Agreement On Climate Change: Morals, Self-Interest, And Strategy, F. Ted Tschang, N. S. Murthy, K. S. Kavi Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines why negotiations following the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) have stalled and makes suggestions on how to circumvent the obstacles. In particular, the paper: - illustrates how current barriers to international agreement on climate change (CC) decompose into the separate components-self-interest, morality and strategy and discuss how the recent country positions are mixing them. - discusses some elements of a conceptual framework that will serve as a benchmark for assessing the feasibility of a proposal for a CC agreement. - discusses a few modest proposals that could potentially end the current stalemate, and also the potential …

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Breaking Trends And The Money-Output Correlation, David Fernandez Nov 1997

Breaking Trends And The Money-Output Correlation, David Fernandez

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the impact on the money-output correlation of a univariate specification that allows time series to be characterized as stationary around a broken trend function. Though pretesting suggests that U.S. real output (industrial production) can be described as broken-trend stationary, this result has only limited impact on the money-output correlation. Before 1985 there is a strong Granger causal relationship between money and broken-detrended output (hut not first-differenced output), even when different short-term interest rates are used as regressors. However, after 1985 this relationship weakens significantly, whether or not one determines that output has a unit root.

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Implicit Theories And Conceptions Of Morality, Chi-Yue Chiu, Carol S. Dweck, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu Nov 1997

Implicit Theories And Conceptions Of Morality, Chi-Yue Chiu, Carol S. Dweck, Jennifer Yuk-Yue Tong, Ho-Ying Fu

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

In this article, the authors propose that individuals' moral beliefs are linked to their implicit theories about the nature (i.e., malleability) of their social-moral reality. Specifically, it was hypothesized that when individuals believe in a fixed reality (entity theory), they tend to hold moral beliefs in which duties within the given system are seen as fundamental. In contrast, when individuals believe in a malleable reality (incremental theory), one that can be shaped by individuals, they hold moral beliefs that focus on moral principles, such as human rights, around which that reality should be organized. Results from 5 studies supported the …

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A 'New' Cultural Geography? Debates About Invention And Reinvention, Lily Kong Nov 1997

A 'New' Cultural Geography? Debates About Invention And Reinvention, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Remaking Human Geography series critically reviews key journal articles, published in the last ten years, which have become 'citation classics'. Contributors to the series report on the academic debate which followed publication of the original article and assess why the article proved so influential. In this case Kong reviews an article on cultural geography by Cosgrove and Jackson (first published in Area in 1987). Peter Jackson also offers his thoughts on the 'cultural turn' and on future directions in this research field.

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Revamping The Law Tutorial, Nadja Alexander, Ann Black Sep 1997

Revamping The Law Tutorial, Nadja Alexander, Ann Black

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The lecture/tutorial format is the dominant structurethrough which law is taught in Australia. This articleexamines the learning environment of the law tutorial, andsuggests approaches aimed at maximising the learningexperience for students, on the basis of students’ learningpreferences. The discussion utilises Golay’s learningpattern assessment in developing an understanding of thedifferent learning styles of students. Based on thisanalysis, activities are advanced which advocate andimplement joint tutor-student responsibility for learningwithin tutorials. It is argued that students will learn moreeffectively, and expand their learning experiences wheninvolved directly in the structure, format and content ofthe tutorial itself.

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A New Role For Transparency, Ann Florini Aug 1997

A New Role For Transparency, Ann Florini

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Arms control has traditionally dealt with limiting the means of destruction. When the greatest threa to security came from the potential for organized violence inflicted by an external enemy against a state, arms control logically sought to limit that danger. But as the threats to security have become more diffuse, policy-makers will need to draw on a wider repertoire of tools to reduce the potential destructiveness of less organiized threats, and even emerging unintended dangers. The article examines the problems of nuclear proliferation and environmental toxification over the long term, describes why these problems will require a transparency-based approach, and …

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From Manual To Electronic Road Congestion Pricing: The Singapore Experience And Experiment, Sock-Yong Phang, Rex S. Toh Jun 1997

From Manual To Electronic Road Congestion Pricing: The Singapore Experience And Experiment, Sock-Yong Phang, Rex S. Toh

Research Collection School Of Economics

This study reviews the efforts of Singapore to curb road congestion through restraints on motor vehicle ownership as well as user fees. In particular, it traces the history of the famous Area Licensing Scheme (ALS), and then discusses its shortcomings, also the need for Electronic Road Pricing (ERP), its advantages and disadvantages and the technology involved in this state of the art system. This paper identifies important research questions to be addressed in connection with the first full-scale adoption of ERP.

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Popular Music In A Transnational World: The Construction Of Local Identities In Singapore, Lily Kong Apr 1997

Popular Music In A Transnational World: The Construction Of Local Identities In Singapore, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

As an area of geographical inquiry, popular music has not been explored to any large extent. Where writings exist, they have been somewhat divorced from recent theoretical and methodological questions that have rejuvenated social and cultural geography. In this paper, I focus on one arena which geographers can develop in their analysis of popular music, namely, the exploration of local influences and global forces in the production of music. In so doing, I wish to explore how local resources intersect with global ones in a process of transculturation. Using the example of English songs by one particular songwriter and artiste …

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Making Sense Of The Asian Success Story: An Integrative Framework, Chow Hou Wee, Gilbert Tan Mar 1997

Making Sense Of The Asian Success Story: An Integrative Framework, Chow Hou Wee, Gilbert Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The article focuses on Asian countries that have experienced economic growth over the past 50 years including Hong Kong, China; Japan; Singapore; South Korea and Taiwan. With the exception of Hong Kong, the economic success of the Asian countries has been attributed to the interventionist framework. Export-orientation is one strategy that is most associated with the success of the five Asian countries. The export-oriented strategy helped the five Asian countries in many ways. The ensuring growth of employment enabled the country to save and accumulate capital for reinvestment. The export-oriented strategy also positively affects the competitive advantages of the country. …

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