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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 9281

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Singapore's Ai Applications In The Public Sector: Six Examples, Steven M. Miller Jul 2023

Singapore's Ai Applications In The Public Sector: Six Examples, Steven M. Miller

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Steven M. Miller describes six instances in which Singapore has applied AI in the public sector, illustrating different ways of improving its engagement with the public by making government services more accessible, anywhere, anytime, and speeding its responses to public processes and feedback. He illustrates how its leaders made the city a living lab for AI use, and what they learned.

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Care Labour Shortage Needs A Cure, Not More Band-Aids, Yasmin Y. Ortiga Jul 2023

Care Labour Shortage Needs A Cure, Not More Band-Aids, Yasmin Y. Ortiga

Asian Management Insights

Retaining care workers will become more difficult for Asia’s ageing economies.

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Navigating Investor Expectations, Yong Hsin Ning, Yvette Lim Jul 2023

Navigating Investor Expectations, Yong Hsin Ning, Yvette Lim

Asian Management Insights

Why start-ups need to speak the language of numbers.

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Future-Proofing Healthcare Systems, How Choon How Jul 2023

Future-Proofing Healthcare Systems, How Choon How

Asian Management Insights

This includes tackling climate change challenges too.

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Pursue Sustainability, Stay Paranoid In A Post-Covid World, Ho Kwon Ping, Havovi Joshi Jul 2023

Pursue Sustainability, Stay Paranoid In A Post-Covid World, Ho Kwon Ping, Havovi Joshi

Asian Management Insights

Ho Kwon Ping, Founder and Executive Chairman of Banyan Tree Holdings, speaks to Havovi Joshi about making sure sustainability is more than just a buzzword, his optimism regarding Asia’s growth in the future, and the need for youths to think differently about their careers.

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Where The World Is Heading In 2023 And Beyond, Simon Baptist Jul 2023

Where The World Is Heading In 2023 And Beyond, Simon Baptist

Asian Management Insights

The global economy is showing resilience, despite strong headwinds. Geopolitical uncertainty remains high, while the mounting threats from climate change call for more urgent global action.

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Investment And The Long Swings Of Unemployment, Hian Teck Hoon, Margarita Katsimi, Gylfi Zoega Jul 2023

Investment And The Long Swings Of Unemployment, Hian Teck Hoon, Margarita Katsimi, Gylfi Zoega

Research Collection School Of Economics

We estimate the medium-term relationship between investment and unemployment over the period 1960–2017 in 20 OECD countries, a period that includes the years of the Great Recession. While neoclassical growth theory typically assumes full employment—with no effect of investment on unemployment—and New-Keynesian models assume that such a relationship only exists in the short term at business cycle frequencies, we find that over our sample period covering more than 5 decades, a statistically significant negative relationship does exist: in decades when investment fell, unemployment increased. Panel estimation, using a measure of stock market volatility as an instrument for investment, confirms the …

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Rebuilding Supply Chains In Apec, Rebecca Sta Maria Jul 2023

Rebuilding Supply Chains In Apec, Rebecca Sta Maria

Asian Management Insights

This calls for greater collaboration.

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Multiracial Identity Integration: Components, Antecedents, And Consequences, Sheila Xi Rui Wee Jul 2023

Multiracial Identity Integration: Components, Antecedents, And Consequences, Sheila Xi Rui Wee

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Existing research on multiracials has examined how multiracials develop different racial identities. However, empirical research on how multiracial manage and integrate their identities as well as its impact are limited. This dissertation examined key antecedents and consequences associated with the unique process that multiracials undergo to achieve a positive identity via Multiracial Identity Integration (MII). In Study 1, we examined the link between MII, psychological well-being, and cognitive capacity. Results revealed a positive association between MII and psychological well-being as well as some cognitive capacity outcomes. Study 2 replicated the same relationship between MII and psychological well-being/cognitive capacity outcomes. Additionally, …

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No Interest In Being Cynical: Conflicting Versus Corresponding Interests Track Variability In The Link Between Personal Control And Cynicism, Bryan Kwok Cheng Choy Jul 2023

No Interest In Being Cynical: Conflicting Versus Corresponding Interests Track Variability In The Link Between Personal Control And Cynicism, Bryan Kwok Cheng Choy

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Recent literature indicates that a lack of personal control negatively predicts (social) cynicism, a negative view of others as self-interested and exploitative (Stavrova & Ehlebracht, 2018a, 2019). Despite the ostensibly robust nature of this relationship, I propose that the strength of the link between personal control and cynicism could be more variable than extant findings have suggested. In particular, I argue that variability in the controlcynicism link may be tracked (i.e., moderated) by the extent to which actors in a situation have corresponding or conflicting interests, with the effect of control on cynicism being attenuated when actors are perceived to …

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The Fear Of Being Idle: What It Is And How It Relates To Goal Pursuits, Verity Yu Qing Lua Jul 2023

The Fear Of Being Idle: What It Is And How It Relates To Goal Pursuits, Verity Yu Qing Lua

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Modern society places a strong emphasis on making full use of one’s time and the aversion of idleness. While urging people to spend their time wisely can promote productivity and personal striving, an overemphasis on this ideal can also have detrimental effects on their sense of well-being. However, to date, there is limited research on individuals’ belief about aversion towards idle time – in part due to the lack of a measurement scale to assess such a disposition. Thus, the current work proposed a novel construct and measure—the fear of being idle (FOBI)—to capture the individual differences in affective responses …

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Effect Of Leader-Member Exchange Social Comparison On Co-Worker’S Envy And Work Behavior Moderated By Perceived Deservingness Of Star Workers, Ronnie Ng Jul 2023

Effect Of Leader-Member Exchange Social Comparison On Co-Worker’S Envy And Work Behavior Moderated By Perceived Deservingness Of Star Workers, Ronnie Ng

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

The extant leader-member exchange (LMX) literature suggests that leaders establish and develop different quality dyadic relationships with members in the same workgroup. High-quality LMX is argued as beneficial to employees. However, studies have overlooked the emotions and behaviors of low-quality LMX employees to determine how they differ from high-quality LMX employees. This study integrates LMX differentiation literature, social comparison theory and attributional theory to examine the role of LMX social comparison (LMXSC) perceptions in triggering help-seeking and knowledge hiding from star co-workers in the workplace. This study also explores the mediating role of dual envy, that is, benign and malicious …

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Volatility Puzzle: Long Memory Or Anti-Persistency, Shuping Shi, Jun Yu Jul 2023

Volatility Puzzle: Long Memory Or Anti-Persistency, Shuping Shi, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

The log realized volatility (RV) is often modeled as an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average model ARFIMA(1,d,01,d,0). Two conflicting empirical results have been found in the literature. One stream shows that log RV has a long memory (i.e., the fractional parameter d > 0). The other stream suggests that the autoregressive coefficient α is near unity with antipersistent errors (i.e., d α close to 0 and d close to 0.5) from Model 2Model 2 (ARFIMA(1,d,01,d,0) with α close to unity and d close to –0.5). An intuitive explanation is given. For the 10 financial assets considered, despite that no definitive conclusions …

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Atmosphere, Environment, Society: The Typhoon Vulnerability Nexus In Early Twentieth-Century Hong Kong, Fiona Williamson Jul 2023

Atmosphere, Environment, Society: The Typhoon Vulnerability Nexus In Early Twentieth-Century Hong Kong, Fiona Williamson

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

By looking at how typhoon risk was managed in early twentieth-century colonial Hong Kong, this article argues that bringing a historical lens to the discussion of the human-climate-environment nexus is an essential part of studies of resilience and vulnerability. It interprets physical evidence of the strength of a natural event against human factors, including structural and social vulnerabilities and governance. Investigating two of the deadliest typhoons to have hit Hong Kong's shores (1906 and 1937), this article notes that social vulnerabilities played a major part in turning the typhoon of 1937 into a worse disaster than 1906, despite advances in …

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Impact Of Difficult Negatives On Twitter Crisis Detection, Yuhao Zhang, Siaw Ling Lo, Phyo Yi Win Myint Jul 2023

Impact Of Difficult Negatives On Twitter Crisis Detection, Yuhao Zhang, Siaw Ling Lo, Phyo Yi Win Myint

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Twitter has become an alternative information source during a crisis. However, the short, noisy nature of tweets hinders information extraction. While models trained with standard Twitter crisis datasets accomplished decent performance, it remained a challenge to generalize to unseen crisis events. Thus, we proposed adding “difficult” negative examples during training to improve model generalization for Twitter crisis detection. Although adding random noise is a common practice, the impact of difficult negatives, i.e., negative data semantically similar to true examples, was never examined in NLP. Most of existing research focuses on the classification task, without considering the primary information need of …

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Imitation Improvement Learning For Large-Scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems, The Viet Bui, Tien Mai Jul 2023

Imitation Improvement Learning For Large-Scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems, The Viet Bui, Tien Mai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent works using deep reinforcement learning (RL) to solve routing problems such as the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) have focused on improvement learning-based methods, which involve improving a given solution until it becomes near-optimal. Although adequate solutions can be achieved for small problem instances, their efficiency degrades for large-scale ones. In this work, we propose a newimprovement learning-based framework based on imitation learning where classical heuristics serve as experts to encourage the policy model to mimic and produce similar or better solutions. Moreover, to improve scalability, we propose Clockwise Clustering, a novel augmented framework for decomposing large-scale CVRP into …

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Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Models Based On Generalized Fisher Transformation, Han Chen, Yijie Fei, Jun Yu Jul 2023

Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Models Based On Generalized Fisher Transformation, Han Chen, Yijie Fei, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Modeling multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) can be challenging, particularly when both variances and covariances are time-varying. In this paper, we address these challenges by introducing a new MSV model based on the generalized Fisher transformation of Archakov and Hansen (2021). Our model is highly exible and ensures that the variance-covariance matrix is always positive-definite. Moreover, our approach separates the driving factors of volatilities and correlations. To conduct Bayesian analysis of the model, we use a Particle Gibbs Ancestor Sampling (PGAS) method, which facilitates Bayesian model comparison. We also extend our MSV model to cover the leverage effect in volatilities and …

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Young Women In Cities, Yumi Koh, Li Jing, Yifan Wu, Junjian Yi, Hanzhe Zhang Jul 2023

Young Women In Cities, Yumi Koh, Li Jing, Yifan Wu, Junjian Yi, Hanzhe Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

Young women outnumber young men in cities in many countries during periods of economic growth and urbanization. This gender imbalance among young urbanites is more pronounced in larger cities. We use the gradual rollout of special economic zones across China as a quasi-experiment to establish the causes of this gender imbalance. Our analysis suggests that a key contributor is gender-differential incentives to migrate due to rural women’s higher likelihood of marrying and marrying up in cities when urbanization creates more economic opportunities and an abundance of high-income marriage-age men.

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The Impact Of Upzoning On Housing Construction In Auckland*, Ryan Greenaway-Mcgrevy, Peter C. B. Phillips Jul 2023

The Impact Of Upzoning On Housing Construction In Auckland*, Ryan Greenaway-Mcgrevy, Peter C. B. Phillips

Research Collection School Of Economics

There is a growing debate about whether upzoning is an effective policy response to housing shortages and unaffordable housing. This paper provides empirical evidence to further inform debate by examining the various impacts of recently implemented zoning reforms on housing construction in Auckland, the largest metropolitan area in New Zealand. In 2016, the city upzoned approximately three quarters of its residential land to facilitate construction of more intensive housing. We use a quasi-experimental approach to analyze the short-run impacts of the reform on construction, allowing for potential shifts in construction from non-upzoned to upzoned areas (displacement effects) that would, if …

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The Importance Of The First Generic Substitution: Evidence From Sweden, Aljoscha Janssen, David Granlund Jul 2023

The Importance Of The First Generic Substitution: Evidence From Sweden, Aljoscha Janssen, David Granlund

Research Collection School Of Economics

We analyze changes in the willingness to substitute from prescribed pharmaceuticals to more affordable generic equivalents in response to the first experience with a substitution. Using Swedish individual-level data of prescribed and dispensed pharmaceuticals, we em-ploy a dynamic event study and an instrumental variable approach to show that an initial substitution reduces the probability of opposing subsequent substitutions by 39 percent-age points. We recommend that policy-makers target patients with a history of opposed substitution and offer additional discounts to promote substitution as long-term savings outweigh one-time costs.

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Bootstrapping Two-Stage Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimators Of Time Series Models, Sílvia Gonçalves, Ulrich Hounyo, Andrew John Patton, Kevin Sheppard Jul 2023

Bootstrapping Two-Stage Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Estimators Of Time Series Models, Sílvia Gonçalves, Ulrich Hounyo, Andrew John Patton, Kevin Sheppard

Research Collection School Of Economics

This article provides results on the validity of bootstrap inference methods for two-stage quasi-maximum likelihood estimation involving time series data, such as those used for multivariate volatility models or copula-based models. Existing approaches require the researcher to compute and combine many first- and second-order derivatives, which can be difficult to do and is susceptible to error. Bootstrap methods are simpler to apply, allowing the substitution of capital (CPU cycles) for labor (keeping track of derivatives). We show the consistency of the bootstrap distribution and consistency of bootstrap variance estimators, thereby justifying the use of bootstrap percentile intervals and bootstrap standard …

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Outdoor Performance Of The Black Globe Temperature Sensor On A Hot And Humid Tropical Region, Juan A. Acero, Angela Dissegna, Yon Sun Tan, Adrian Tan, Leslie K. Norford Jul 2023

Outdoor Performance Of The Black Globe Temperature Sensor On A Hot And Humid Tropical Region, Juan A. Acero, Angela Dissegna, Yon Sun Tan, Adrian Tan, Leslie K. Norford

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

A crucial variable to evaluate thermal comfort is the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). In this paper we evaluate the performance of the 150 mm black globe thermometer to provide reliable Tmrt values for outdoor settings in Singapore. Accurate Tmrt values are calculated by the method of integral radiation measurements. Based on these, the mean convection coefficient of the black globe has been re-calibrated. Results show an improvement in the estimation of Tmrt with the new coefficient in comparison with the default version suggested in ISO7726:1998. Increasing the averaging periods of the measured variables improved the performance of the derived mean …

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Islamic Political Parties And Election Campaigns In Indonesia, Colm A. Fox, Jeremy Menchik Jul 2023

Islamic Political Parties And Election Campaigns In Indonesia, Colm A. Fox, Jeremy Menchik

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Islamist political parties are a structural feature of politics across the Muslim world, raising persisting questions for scholars of democracy. Under what conditions will Islamists moderate to support democracy and pluralism? Under what conditions will they adopt more exclusive behavior? Taking a fresh approach, we focus on electoral competition and the conditions under which Islamic party candidates campaign using either inclusive nationalist appeals or exclusively Islamic appeals. Using a unique data source, we coded the appeals contained on the campaign posters of 572 Islamic party candidates in Indonesia. We found that demographics, urban–rural differences, and the level of government office …

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A Data-Driven Approach For Scheduling Bus Services Subject To Demand Constraints, Brahmanage Janaka Chathuranga Thilakarathna, Thivya Kandappu, Baihua Zheng Jul 2023

A Data-Driven Approach For Scheduling Bus Services Subject To Demand Constraints, Brahmanage Janaka Chathuranga Thilakarathna, Thivya Kandappu, Baihua Zheng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Passenger satisfaction is extremely important for the success of a public transportation system. Many studies have shown that passenger satisfaction strongly depends on the time they have to wait at the bus stop (waiting time) to get on a bus. To be specific, user satisfaction drops faster as the waiting time increases. Therefore, service providers want to provide a bus to the waiting passengers within a threshold to keep them satisfied. It is a two-pronged problem: (a) to satisfy more passengers the transport planner may increase the frequency of the buses, and (b) in turn, the increased frequency may impact …

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Singapore's Hospital To Home Program: Raising Patient Engagement Through Ai, John Abisheganaden, Kheng Hock Lee, Lian Leng Low, Eugene Shum, Han Leong Goh, Christine Gian Lee Ang, Andy Wee An Ta, Steven M. Miller Jul 2023

Singapore's Hospital To Home Program: Raising Patient Engagement Through Ai, John Abisheganaden, Kheng Hock Lee, Lian Leng Low, Eugene Shum, Han Leong Goh, Christine Gian Lee Ang, Andy Wee An Ta, Steven M. Miller

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Because of their complex care needs, many elderly patients are discharged from hospitals only to be readmitted for multiple stays within the following twelve months. John Abisheganaden and his fellow authors describe Singapore’s Hospital to Home program, a community care initiative fueled by artificial intelligence.

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Continuities And Discontinuities In The Cultural Evolution Of Global Consciousness, R. J. Zhang, J. H. Liu, M. Lee, M. H. Lin, T. Xie, S Chen, Angela K. Y. Leung, I-Ching Lee, D. Hodgetts, E. Valdes, S. Choi Jul 2023

Continuities And Discontinuities In The Cultural Evolution Of Global Consciousness, R. J. Zhang, J. H. Liu, M. Lee, M. H. Lin, T. Xie, S Chen, Angela K. Y. Leung, I-Ching Lee, D. Hodgetts, E. Valdes, S. Choi

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Global consciousness (GC), encompassing cosmopolitan orientation, global orientations (i.e. openness to multicultural experiences) and identification with all humanity, is a relatively stable individual difference that is strongly associated with pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours, less ingroup favouritism and prejudice, and greater pandemic prevention safety behaviours. Little is known about how it is socialized in everyday life. Using stratified samples from six societies, socializing institution factors correlating positively with GC were education, white collar work (and its higher income) and religiosity. However, GC also decreased with increasing age, contradicting a 'wisdom of elders' transmission of social learning, and not replicating typical findings …

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Whom Do We Learn From? The Impact Of Global Networks And Political Regime Types On E-Government Development, Beomgeun Cho, Karl R. Rethemeyer Jul 2023

Whom Do We Learn From? The Impact Of Global Networks And Political Regime Types On E-Government Development, Beomgeun Cho, Karl R. Rethemeyer

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This study investigates the impact of global networks on e-government development and the role of political regime types in e-government diffusion through international networks. We built a unique social network dataset that covers 148 countries for the years between 2003 and 2014. Our network dataset is rooted in two assumptions: 1) international organizations serve as peak organizations for international policy networks, 2) public managers who participate in international e-government conferences held by the UN and OECD work as boundary spanners. Our empirical evidence suggests that countries well embedded in global e-government networks receive ideas for public sector innovation from international …

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Integration Taxes And Gestural Integration: Access And Limits To Integration Through New Citizens’ Participation In State-Sponsored Grassroots Volunteerism In Singapore, George Wong Jul 2023

Integration Taxes And Gestural Integration: Access And Limits To Integration Through New Citizens’ Participation In State-Sponsored Grassroots Volunteerism In Singapore, George Wong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Integration is a contested topic in Singapore’s public discourse. One such area is integration through state-sponsored grassroots community volunteerism. Little is however known about such experiences of grassroots volunteerism to integration outcomes. This paper addresses the gap by exploring how new citizen and permanent resident grassroots volunteers make sense of their experiences through ‘integration taxes' and ‘gestural integration'. In doing so, this paper argues that while grassroots volunteerism offers lower barriers to entry for new citizens, it constraints the diversity of integration by and through new citizen volunteers due to discrimination, marginalisation and staged integration faced in grassroots work.

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Vulnerability To Climatic And Environmental Disaster And Change In The Indian Ocean World, Philip Gooding, Fiona Williamson, Julie Babin Jul 2023

Vulnerability To Climatic And Environmental Disaster And Change In The Indian Ocean World, Philip Gooding, Fiona Williamson, Julie Babin

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

At the time of writing (Autumn 2022), extreme weather is devastating large swathes of the Indian Ocean World (IOW). In Pakistan, especially around the Indus River in Balochistan and Sindh, floods are causing severe distress. So far, more than 1,300 people have been killed, half a million more have been left homeless and there has been around $30 billion worth of damage to infrastructure. Nevertheless, even as the floods are projected to worsen during the second half of the south-west monsoon season, there are already fights on multiple spatial scales to shape the narratives about the root causes of the …

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Workplace Culture Must Emphasise Mutual Respect [In Chinese], Siow-Heng Ong Jul 2023

Workplace Culture Must Emphasise Mutual Respect [In Chinese], Siow-Heng Ong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In a commentary, SMU Professor of Communication Management (Education) Ong Siow Heng discussed the importance of having a respectful culture in the workplace. He opined that one way to appreciate employees is to provide equitable pay and career advancement opportunities for staff, so that workers will know that their employer respects their contribution. Even though more forms of disrespect for workers are being addressed by law, Prof Ong opined that improving respect for the workers’ dignity is best managed by those in workplace leadership even before relevant laws are passed, especially in areas that cannot be covered by law. He …

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