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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Lifetime Adversity Predicts Depression, Anxiety, And Cognitive Impairment In A Nationally Representative Sample Of Older Adults In The United States, Sangnam Ahn, Seonghoon Kim, Hongmei Zhang, Aram Dobalian, George Slavich Jan 2024

Lifetime Adversity Predicts Depression, Anxiety, And Cognitive Impairment In A Nationally Representative Sample Of Older Adults In The United States, Sangnam Ahn, Seonghoon Kim, Hongmei Zhang, Aram Dobalian, George Slavich

Research Collection School Of Economics

Objective: Although life stress and adversity have emerged as risk factors for mental health problems and cognitive impairment among older adults, prior studies on this topic have been cross-sectional and based on relatively homogeneous samples. To address these issues, we examined prospective associations between lifetime adversity and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults in the U.S. Method: We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2016). The sample included 3,496 individuals (59.9% female), aged ≥64 years old (M age=76.0 ±7.6 years). We used the individual-level panel data and ordinary …


On The Optimal Forecast With The Fractional Brownian Motion, Xiaohu Wang, Jun Yu, Chen Zhang Jan 2024

On The Optimal Forecast With The Fractional Brownian Motion, Xiaohu Wang, Jun Yu, Chen Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper investigates the performance of different forecasting formulas with fractional Brownian motion based on discrete and finite samples. Existing literature presents two formulas for generating optimal forecasts when continuous records are available. One formula relies on a history over an infinite past, while the other is designed for a record limited to a finite past. In reality, only observations at discrete time points over a finite past are available. In this case, the forecasting formula, which has been widely used in the literature, is the one obtained by Gatheral et al. (2018) that truncates and discretizes the formula based …


Internal And Social Sources Shape Judgments About The Mental And Physical Nature Of An Experience, Jacinth Jia Xin Tan, Alexander Karan, Dolores Albarracin Jan 2024

Internal And Social Sources Shape Judgments About The Mental And Physical Nature Of An Experience, Jacinth Jia Xin Tan, Alexander Karan, Dolores Albarracin

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Although humans are intuitive dualists, little is known about whether they hold lay beliefs about the origins or sources of their intuitive perceptions of what is physical and what is mental. Drawing on theories of the sources of phenomenological experiences, we examined if people hold beliefs about the internal and social origins of judments that their experiences are physical or mental. In Study 1, participants provided physical or mental judgments about a range of personal experiences, and reported relying on both internal (i.e., examining own body and thoughts) and social (i.e., observing others) sources as information for their judgments. To …


A Conditional Linear Combination Test With Many Weak Instruments, Dennis Lim, Wenjie Wang, Yichong Zhang Jan 2024

A Conditional Linear Combination Test With Many Weak Instruments, Dennis Lim, Wenjie Wang, Yichong Zhang

Research Collection School Of Economics

We consider a linear combination of jackknife Anderson-Rubin (AR) and orthogonalized Lagrangian multiplier (LM) tests for inference in IV regressions with many weak instruments and heteroskedasticity. We choose the weight in the linear combination based on a decision-theoretic rule that is adaptive to the identification strength. Under both weak and strong identifications, the proposed linear combination test controls asymptotic size and is admissible. Under strong identification, we further show that our linear combination test is the uniformly most powerful test against local alternatives among all tests that are constructed based on the jackknife AR and LM tests only and invariant …


Optimal Nonparametric Range-Based Volatility Estimation, Tim Bollerslev, Jia Li, Qiyuan Li Jan 2024

Optimal Nonparametric Range-Based Volatility Estimation, Tim Bollerslev, Jia Li, Qiyuan Li

Research Collection School Of Economics

We present a general framework for optimal nonparametric spot volatility estimation based on intraday range data, comprised of the first, highest, lowest, and last price over a given time-interval. We rely on a decision-theoretic approach together with a coupling-type argument to directly tailor the form of the nonparametric estimator to the specific volatility measure of interest and relevant loss function. The resulting new optimal estimators offer substantial efficiency gains compared to existing commonly used range-based procedures.


Similar Fact Evidence In Contractual Interpretation: Bhoomatidevi D/O Kishinchand Chugani Mrs Kavita Gope Mirwani V Nantakumar S/O V Ramachandra And Another [2023] Sghc 37, Calvin John Kaiwen Chirnside Jan 2024

Similar Fact Evidence In Contractual Interpretation: Bhoomatidevi D/O Kishinchand Chugani Mrs Kavita Gope Mirwani V Nantakumar S/O V Ramachandra And Another [2023] Sghc 37, Calvin John Kaiwen Chirnside

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In the recent Singapore High Court case of Bhoomatidevi d/o Kishinchand Chugani Mrs Kavita Gope Mirwani v Nantakumar s/o v Ramachandra and another [2023] SGHC 37, the claimant argued, inter alia, that evidence of a prior contract between the first defendant and a third party should be admitted to prove that the defendant had entered into a loan agreement with her in his personal capacity. Justice Lee Seiu Kin dismissed her claim, applying s. 14 of the Evidence Act.


The Geoeconomics Of Belt And Road Disputes: A Case Study On The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Mark Mclaughlin Jan 2024

The Geoeconomics Of Belt And Road Disputes: A Case Study On The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Mark Mclaughlin

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

This article argues that the dovetailing economic, geopolitical, and security interests that underpin the Belt and Road Initiative demands a dispute resolution mechanism that focuses on broader interests and legal rights. Using the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case study, it identifies the conditions in which Chinese investors could have initiated an investment arbitration but did not. This can be explained by the rights-based orientation of investment treaties failing to reflect the interests of multi-project initiatives. Instead, alternative methods of home state intervention, such as state-funded political risk insurance, are used to protect investors. In other words, the political …


Not Why, But How: Applying The Sharp Edge Of The Law In Administrative Law Judicial Review In Singapore, Tan K. B. Eugene Jan 2024

Not Why, But How: Applying The Sharp Edge Of The Law In Administrative Law Judicial Review In Singapore, Tan K. B. Eugene

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

The management and control of power, and, in particular, the endeavour to strike the appropriate balance between affording governments the ability to act swiftly and decisively in the public interest while providing for adequate safeguards against governmental excess, is an intensely difficult undertaking. There is no one model that is correct for all times and all places.


The Effect Of Mere Presence Of Smartphone On Cognitive Functions: A Four-Level Meta-Analysis, Andree Hartanto, Verity Y. Q. Lua, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Paye Shin Koh, Germaine Y. Q. Tng, Manmeet Kaur, Frosch Y. X. Quek, Jonathan L. Chia, Nadyanna M. Majeed Jan 2024

The Effect Of Mere Presence Of Smartphone On Cognitive Functions: A Four-Level Meta-Analysis, Andree Hartanto, Verity Y. Q. Lua, K. T. A. Sandeeshwara Kasturiratna, Paye Shin Koh, Germaine Y. Q. Tng, Manmeet Kaur, Frosch Y. X. Quek, Jonathan L. Chia, Nadyanna M. Majeed

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

As smartphones have become portable and immersive devices that afford social, informational, and recreational conveniences unbounded by physical restrictions, most daily activities have become closely intertwined with the presence of smartphones. This constant presence of smartphones in daily activities, however, may be concerning as some studies have suggested that smartphones—even their mere presence—can be distracting and can impair cognitive outcomes. However, such findings have not been consistently observed. To reconcile mixed findings, the current meta-analysis synthesized 166 effect sizes drawn from 53 samples and 33 studies including 4,368 participants on the effect of mere presence of smartphone on cognitive functions. …


Rethinking The Inclusionary Potential Of Religious Institutions: The Case Of Gurdwaras In Singapore, Siew Ying Shee, Orlando Woods Jan 2024

Rethinking The Inclusionary Potential Of Religious Institutions: The Case Of Gurdwaras In Singapore, Siew Ying Shee, Orlando Woods

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Whilst Singapore’s Sikh community is relatively small, it is also heterogeneous. Its diversity reflects differences in ancestral and socio-economic backgrounds. As spaces of worship that regularly bring together the Sikh community in space and time, Sikh temples—gurdwaras––are often conceived as important places through which a shared sense of religiously-defined community is reproduced. Yet, as much as religion can provide a bridge that integrates people of different ethnic, racial, national, and linguistic groups into a single faith community, so too can it act as a buttress through which differences and divisions are enforced within the community. We argue that whilst gurdwaras …


Social Media And Performative Parenting, Sun Sun Lim, Yang Wang Jan 2024

Social Media And Performative Parenting, Sun Sun Lim, Yang Wang

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

With the intensifying use of social media in many realms of everyday life, even parenting is manifesting a public dimension. Whereas one might regard parenting as a private activity undertaken within the home, the use of social media to highlight the joys and trials of child-rearing has put parenting under the digital spotlight. Parents are keen to showcase their children’s growth and development to family and friends. Significant achievements invite praise and social endorsement, as well as commendations for excellent parenting. The sharing of parenting struggles over social media can also elicit expressions of commiseration, sympathy and support. The ensuing …


Opening The Black Box Of Fitness Tracking: Understanding The Mechanisms Of Feedback In Motivating Physical Activity Among Older Singaporeans, Sapphire H. Lin, Rich Ling, Sonny Rosenthal Jan 2024

Opening The Black Box Of Fitness Tracking: Understanding The Mechanisms Of Feedback In Motivating Physical Activity Among Older Singaporeans, Sapphire H. Lin, Rich Ling, Sonny Rosenthal

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This paper examines how older adults interact with fitness trackers and how that interaction influences their physical activity. We carried out qualitative interviews with 22 individuals between the ages of 55 and 72 who had used fitness trackers as part of a six-week field experiment investigating the effects of feedback from fitness trackers and the social influence of their spouses. From their comments, we derived an explorative process model explaining the mechanisms and the four stages of effects arising from personalised feedback, namely, cognitive, affective, conative, and intuitive. These effects were grouped into internal and external dimensions. Three types of …


Multiethnic Elites And The Management Of Tropical Heat In Colonial Malaya, Circa 1870s-1930s, Claire Lowrie, Nicole Tarulevicz, Fiona Williamson, Charmaine H. Lam Jan 2024

Multiethnic Elites And The Management Of Tropical Heat In Colonial Malaya, Circa 1870s-1930s, Claire Lowrie, Nicole Tarulevicz, Fiona Williamson, Charmaine H. Lam

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This article considers the responses of multiethnic urban elites to living with tropical heat in colonial Malaya by analysing attitudes towards the meteorological study of temperature, commercial cold storage and hill stations. A transcolonial and transimperial approach is used to illustrate that interest in managing and monitoring temperature was slower to develop in Malaya compared with other tropical colonies. The article also considers how access to methods of ameliorating heat was shaped by colonial hierarchies based on ideas of race and class.


Filling Time-Series Gaps Using Image Techniques: Multidimensional Context Autoencoder Approach For Building Energy Data Imputation, Chun Fu, Matias Quintana, Zoltan Nagy, Clayton Miller Jan 2024

Filling Time-Series Gaps Using Image Techniques: Multidimensional Context Autoencoder Approach For Building Energy Data Imputation, Chun Fu, Matias Quintana, Zoltan Nagy, Clayton Miller

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Building energy prediction and management has become increasingly important in recent decades, driven by the growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the availability of more energy data. However, energy data is often collected from multiple sources and can be incomplete or inconsistent, which can hinder accurate predictions and management of energy systems and limit the usefulness of the data for decision-making and research. To address this issue, past studies have focused on imputing missing gaps in energy data, including random and continuous gaps. One of the main challenges in this area is the lack of validation on a …


Lion City Zoopolis: Urban Crittizenship In Biophilic Singapore, George Wong Jan 2024

Lion City Zoopolis: Urban Crittizenship In Biophilic Singapore, George Wong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

A central theme of Singapore’s “City in Nature” vision is framed through biophilic urbanism, or efforts to harmonize biodiversity and urban development through built, social, and political design. The central discourses of Singapore’s biophilic urbanism have revolved around flora-centric paradigms, including habitat conservation, greening spaces, and access to natural capital. This paper detours from conventions of Singapore’s urban ecological futures and instead explores the governance of fauna co- existence in the city–state through the concept of “urban crittizenship.” Defined as a more-than-human denization framework that interrogates urban wildlife governance, urban crittizenship interrogates the politics of urban wildlife’s rights to the …


Neoliberal Shifts And Strategies Of Religious Adaptation In Post-War Sri Lanka, Orlando Woods Jan 2024

Neoliberal Shifts And Strategies Of Religious Adaptation In Post-War Sri Lanka, Orlando Woods

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Neoliberal shifts have brought about a centring of market logics, and a new focus on the individual as consumer. Some religious groups are better able to adapt to these shifts than others, which reveals the changing role of religion in people’s daily lives. This paper explores how the adaptive strategies of religious groups in response to neoliberalisation can trigger a reimagination of the role and value of religion in/to society. I illustrate these ideas through a comparative exploration of how Buddhist elites and evangelical Christians engage with theology, tradition, and the market in Sri Lanka. Whilst Buddhist elites struggle to …


“Fly Buddha To Mars”: The Co-Production Between Religiosity And Science & Technology At Longquan Monastery, Beijing, Han Zhang, Junxi Qian, Lily Kong Jan 2024

“Fly Buddha To Mars”: The Co-Production Between Religiosity And Science & Technology At Longquan Monastery, Beijing, Han Zhang, Junxi Qian, Lily Kong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

This article attempts at a re-theorization towards the symbiosis and co-production of religion, modern science and technology, inspired by theoretical thinking within geographies of religion and science and technology studies (STS). Recent scholarship on the geographies of religion has made substantive advancements in discerning the convergence of religion and secular modernity. However, science and technology (S&T), as an essential condition and driving force of secular modernity, remain peripheral to this ongoing theoretical agenda, yet to be fully incorporated into the analytical framework about the co-constitution of religion and secular modernity, arguably because of the entrench divide between the rationalism of …


Smu Welcomes Two New Members To Its Board Of Trustees, Singapore Management University Jan 2024

Smu Welcomes Two New Members To Its Board Of Trustees, Singapore Management University

SMU Press Releases and News

The Singapore Management University is pleased to announce the appointment of two new members to its Board of Trustees with effect from 12 January 2024. Their appointment will be for an initial term of three years. The new members are: (1) Dr Andrew David Hamilton – President Emeritus, New York University, (2) Mr Don Lam – Chief Executive Officer & Founding Partner, VinaCapital Group.


Shadow Bank, Risk-Taking, And Real Estate Financing: Evidence From The Online Loan Market, Xiaoying Deng, Chong Liu, Eng Seow Ong Jan 2024

Shadow Bank, Risk-Taking, And Real Estate Financing: Evidence From The Online Loan Market, Xiaoying Deng, Chong Liu, Eng Seow Ong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines whether and how individual risk-taking behavior affects real estate financing through shadow banks. Using the loan data from an online platform in China, we show that riskier households tend to employ online loans to meet the increasing down-payment in their home purchase. Individual investors are likely to fund riskier real estate loans with higher expected returns. Real estate loans experience higher ex-post default rates than other types of loans. The effect is more pronounced during the period of credit constraints.


Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work: What It Is, Why It Occurs And What Organizations Can Do About It, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave Jan 2024

Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work: What It Is, Why It Occurs And What Organizations Can Do About It, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Language is the foundation of human interaction. It plays a central role in facilitating effective communication by allowing people to express their thoughts, share essential information and establish connections with one another.


The Impact Of The Business School Research, Kai Peters, Howard Thomas Jan 2024

The Impact Of The Business School Research, Kai Peters, Howard Thomas

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Producing high-quality research has long been an important strategic objective for business schools. Faculty research has typically been evaluated by articles appearing in highly regarded academic journals and by citation counts. Increasingly, however, government funding bodies are seeking more than just appearances in 4* journals, they are looking for meaningful societal impact. To this end researchers, in various countries, must submit case studies to funding bodies outlining concrete examples of impact in addition to the original research articles. In the future, the financial reward for high-impact case studies will significantly supersede the reward for journal prestige and citation counts.


Market For Manipulable Information, Hui Chen, Jian Sun Jan 2024

Market For Manipulable Information, Hui Chen, Jian Sun

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We study how investors, firms, and information sellers interact in a market with manipulable information. To better predict the firm characteristics they care about, investors can buy a score from a monopolistic information seller, which aggregates signals that are subject to firm manipulation. The average degree of signal manipulability has no effect on the equilibrium, while the uncertainty about manipulability becomes a new source of noise. Its contribution depends on firms' incentive to manipulate the signals, which in turn depends on the equilibrium price sensitivity to the score. The optimal design of the score weighs signal precision against the endogenous …


Fairness Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence: A Review And Path Forward, Devesh Narayanan, Mahak Nagpal, Jack Mcguire, Shane Schweitzer, David De Cremer Jan 2024

Fairness Perceptions Of Artificial Intelligence: A Review And Path Forward, Devesh Narayanan, Mahak Nagpal, Jack Mcguire, Shane Schweitzer, David De Cremer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A key insight from research on organizational justice is that fairness is in the eye of the beholder. With increasing discussions–especially among computer scientists and policymakers–about the potential biases and unfairness of decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, there is a critical need to consider how decision-subjects perceive the fairness of AI-led decision-making. Drawing upon theoretical and empirical perspectives on perceived fairness in organizational justice scholarship, this review categorizes and analyzes perceptions of AI fairness as they impact the effective implementation of AI in workplaces and beyond. Specifically, we review existing empirical research on AI fairness according to distinct …


Do Real-Time Strategy Video Gamers Have Better Attentional Control?, Mengxin He, Lin-Xuan Xu, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Zihan Liu, Jiaqi Hu, Xiangyi Guo, Hongyun Liu, Jin-Tao Zhang Jan 2024

Do Real-Time Strategy Video Gamers Have Better Attentional Control?, Mengxin He, Lin-Xuan Xu, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Zihan Liu, Jiaqi Hu, Xiangyi Guo, Hongyun Liu, Jin-Tao Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Objective: Do real-time strategy (RTS) video gamers have better attentional control? To examine this issue, we tested experienced versus inexperienced RTS video gamers on multi-object tracking tasks (MOT) and dual-MOT tasks with visual or auditory secondary tasks (dMOT). We employed a street-crossing task with a visual working memory task as a secondary task in a virtual reality (VR) environment to examine any generalized attentional advantage. Background: Similar to action video games, RTS video games require players to switch attention between multiple visual objects and views. However, whether the attentional control advantage is limited by sensory modalities or generalizes to real-life …


Managing The Personalized Order-Holding Problem In Online Retailing, Shouchang Chen, Zhenzhen Yan, Yun Fong Lim Jan 2024

Managing The Personalized Order-Holding Problem In Online Retailing, Shouchang Chen, Zhenzhen Yan, Yun Fong Lim

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Problem definition: A significant percentage of online consumers place consecutive orders within a short duration. To reduce the total order arrangement cost, an online retailer may consolidate consecutive orders from the same consumer. We investigate how long the retailer should hold the consumer’s orders before sending them to a third-party logistics provider (3PL) for processing. In this order-holding problem, we optimize the holding time to balance the total order arrangement cost and the potential delay in delivery. Methodology/results: We model the order-holding problem as a Markov Decision Process. We show that the optimal order-holding decisions follow a threshold-type policy that …


The Effects Of Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Nilotpal Jha Jan 2024

The Effects Of Language-Related Misunderstanding At Work, John Fiset, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Nilotpal Jha

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Demographic, technological, and global trends have brought the language used at the workplace to the forefront. A growing body of research reveals that language could result in misunderstanding at work, and influence employees' performance and attitudinal outcomes. Language at work encompasses standard language (e.g., English) as well as several hybrid forms of language (non-native accents, code-switching, and jargon). We delineate how these forms of language could result in misunderstanding. We then identify relational, affective, and informational mechanisms that underlie the relationship between language-related misunderstanding and employees' performance and attitudinal outcomes, and highlight key boundary conditions. In doing so, we uncover …


Geographies Of Storage, Sayd Randle Jan 2024

Geographies Of Storage, Sayd Randle

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Resource storage has long played a key role in the production of socio-ecological arrangements and economic relations. Even so, storage as a concept has remained somewhat marginal within geographical scholarship, often obscured by an analytical focus on the dynamics of movement. Reviewing recent works from geography, science and technology studies, and anthropology that center sites and practices of storage, this essay elaborates the diverse ways in which storage arrangements mediate resource circulation and the production of space. This literature demonstrates that thinking systematically with storage can illuminate a range of novel temporal, material, and value entanglements in-the-making, pointing to potentially …


Trust: The Feature That Vending Machines And Atms Share, But Simplygo Lacks, Sun Sun Lim Jan 2024

Trust: The Feature That Vending Machines And Atms Share, But Simplygo Lacks, Sun Sun Lim

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

The article discussed the intricacies of trust in the SimplyGo debacle and highlighted how the design of physical interfaces like vending machines and ATMs and digital interfaces from apps like Grab, Parking.sg and ShopBack have critical features to instil trust. People need to be reassured that their transactions have proceeded as they should, and thay have not been short-changed.


Reducing Urban Overheating Risks Through Climate-Resilient Development In The Warming Tropics, Winston T. L. Chow Jan 2024

Reducing Urban Overheating Risks Through Climate-Resilient Development In The Warming Tropics, Winston T. L. Chow

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

More frequent heat extremes, combined with rapidly developing settlements in the tropics, result in complex climate-driven risks emerging in cities within these regions. Urban policymakers can successfully manage these urban heat risks via climate resilient development, in which sustainability is aligned with current climate adaptation and mitigation goals.


Cooperative Trucks And Drones For Rural Last-Mile Delivery With Steep Roads, Jiuhong Xiao, Ying Li, Zhiguang Cao, Jianhua Xiao Jan 2024

Cooperative Trucks And Drones For Rural Last-Mile Delivery With Steep Roads, Jiuhong Xiao, Ying Li, Zhiguang Cao, Jianhua Xiao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The cooperative delivery of trucks and drones promises considerable advantages in delivery efficiency and environmental friendliness over pure fossil fuel fleets. As the prosperity of rural B2C e-commerce grows, this study intends to explore the prospect of this cooperation mode for rural last-mile delivery by developing a green vehicle routing problem with drones that considers the presence of steep roads (GVRPD-SR). Realistic energy consumption calculations for trucks and drones that both consider the impacts of general factors and steep roads are incorporated into the GVRPD-SR model, and the objective is to minimize the total energy consumption. To solve the proposed …