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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 60
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Evans '14 Tapped For Library Of Congress Internship, Kim Hill
Evans '14 Tapped For Library Of Congress Internship, Kim Hill
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Come On Down: Investigating An Informational Strategy To Debias The Anchoring Heuristic, Melissa A. Fuesting, Ellen Furlong
Come On Down: Investigating An Informational Strategy To Debias The Anchoring Heuristic, Melissa A. Fuesting, Ellen Furlong
Honors Projects
When individuals estimate the price of goods or services, irrelevant factors may affect the estimates. For example, irrelevant numbers in individuals’ environments can cause participants to “anchor” to them as starting point price estimates, such that estimates tend toward the anchor (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974; Chapman & Johnson, 1994). In fact, anchored individuals may pay up to three times as much for a product and buy 32% more products (Ariely, Loewenstein, & Prelec, 2003; Wansink, Kent, & Hoch, 1998). Because anchoring affects purchases large and small, this study investigates how to debias, or reduce the negative effects of, the anchoring …
Duffee ’14 Named Technos Award Winner, Tia Patsavas
Duffee ’14 Named Technos Award Winner, Tia Patsavas
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Respondent Learning And Fatigue In Stated Choice Experiments, Derek Lindgren, Criag Broadbent, Faculty Advisor
Respondent Learning And Fatigue In Stated Choice Experiments, Derek Lindgren, Criag Broadbent, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
Stated choice experiments have been shown to be a reliable valuation method for non-marketed goods and services. These experiments are usually conducted in a hypothetical survey form. Previous research has indicated that certain behavioral patterns in elicited respondents are inherent in the survey form and length. This study attempts to investigate if there is evidence of the behavioral patterns of preference learning and fatigue by analyzing data from two spate stated choice studies: 1) extensions to Constitution Trail in Bloomington/Normal, IL, 2) Riparian Forest Restoration in the Middle Rio Grande, NM. In comparing the estimated willingness to pays for each …
Understanding Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships Among College Students, Nicole Pierce, Meghan Burke, Faculty Advisor
Understanding Attitudes Towards Interracial Relationships Among College Students, Nicole Pierce, Meghan Burke, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
The number of interracial couples in the United States remains low in today’s society. This study uses qualitative interviews and quantitative survey data from Illinois Wesleyan students to investigate the motivations, perceptions, and experiences of those who are currently, or were previously, in an interracial relationship. I also explore the attitudes of those who have not dated interracially, and the media’s impact on perceptions of interracial couples. I find that those who dated interracially did not see race as a deciding factor, but instead focused on personality, cultural similarities and differences, and appearances. Many students saw religion, peer and family …
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren Nielsen, Robert Lusk, Faculty Advisor
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren Nielsen, Robert Lusk, Faculty Advisor
John Wesley Powell Student Research Conference
This study explored the relationship between Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) and treatment outcomes for adopted children participating in treatment services through The Baby Fold’s Adoption Preservation Program. Adopted children who have trauma histories may have their adoptions disrupted if they do not receive the proper therapy to improve their overall functioning (Purvis, Cross, & Pennings, 2009; Davis, 1999). This study investigates a new intervention, TBRI, and its impact on children with trauma histories who are receiving outpatient therapy at a local child welfare center. Specifically, this study examines whether family functioning and child functioning are improved after receiving the intervention …
Montgomery Named Kemp Teaching Award Winner, Kim Hill
Montgomery Named Kemp Teaching Award Winner, Kim Hill
News and Events
No abstract provided.
Can Human Capital Explain The Difference In Private Health Insurance Coverage Rates Between Natives And Immigrants?, Benjamin S. White
Can Human Capital Explain The Difference In Private Health Insurance Coverage Rates Between Natives And Immigrants?, Benjamin S. White
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper investigates how human capital variables, especially educational attainment and health disability, affect an immigrant’s probability to have private health insurance. Specifically, is there a convergence to natives’ coverage rates for immigrants as human capital is controlled for? Two probit regressions are used to answer this question, one to analyze the employer provided health insurance market and another to analyze privately purchased health insurance market. The principle finding is that human capital variables are important in determining access to private health insurance. However, a health insurance coverage differential does remain between immigrants and natives.
Normative Beliefs As A Mediator Between Body Dissatisfaction And Disordered Eating, Antonia Jurkovic
Normative Beliefs As A Mediator Between Body Dissatisfaction And Disordered Eating, Antonia Jurkovic
Honors Projects
The present study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and maladaptive behaviors related to disordered eating. Specifically, normative beliefs for these behaviors were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between body dissatisfaction and maladaptive behaviors. Fifty-one college females were surveyed regarding their body dissatisfaction (using the Photographic Figures Rating Scale), normative beliefs about eating, dieting, and other weight-loss strategies (using a newly created measure, the Disordered Eating Normative beliefs Scale, DENS), as well as disordered eating behaviors (using the EAT-26), BMI, and campus organization affiliations. Comparisons between sorority affiliation and athlete status revealed no significant differences of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, …
The Effects Of Background Factors On Afqt Score, Jaret Kanarek
The Effects Of Background Factors On Afqt Score, Jaret Kanarek
Honors Projects
The introduction of the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth (NLSY) 1979 and 1997 cohorts made Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) score data widely available and has thus dramatically increased its use in academic research. However, there is strong evidence that a wide variety of background factors, such as poverty status, race, and parent’s education level, affect AFQT score. Human capital theory, in conjunction with the pathways framework, suggests that these background factors have both direct and indirect effects on AFQT score. The focus of this research is measuring some of the important direct and indirect pathways through which background …
Impact Of The Bakken Oil Boom On Employment And Wages In North Dakota, Cody M. Brandt
Impact Of The Bakken Oil Boom On Employment And Wages In North Dakota, Cody M. Brandt
Undergraduate Economic Review
A difference-in-difference methodology is used to examine the impact of the 2008 oil boom on employment and wages in North Dakota. Finding show an 8.68 percent increase in employment and 4.85 percent increase in wages in counties producing Bakken oil relative to the rest of North Dakota. In addition, a modified Difference- in-Difference is used to examine the rate of growth in employment and wages. Results show a 0.271 percent increase in quarterly job growth in Bakken oil producing counties relative to the rest of North Dakota. No significant impact is observed in the growth of wages.
Employment Protection And Income Inequality: Is There A Role For The Informal Sector?, Eleni Gkinni, Eleni Vasilaki
Employment Protection And Income Inequality: Is There A Role For The Informal Sector?, Eleni Gkinni, Eleni Vasilaki
Undergraduate Economic Review
This paper seeks to examine the effect of employment protection on income inequality. By employing the employment protection data developed by Botero et al. (2004) as well as well established measures of economic inequality for a sample of 83 countries, our analysis suggests that increased employment protection is negatively associated with income inequality. This relationship remains highly robust across several different specifications and estimation methods. In addition, our analysis places the spotlight on the role of the informal economy and investigates how the presence of informal sector may affect the above mentioned relationship. Our results suggest that in the presence …
Evaluating Conformity And Reciprocity In University Alumni Donation, Guanyi Yang
Evaluating Conformity And Reciprocity In University Alumni Donation, Guanyi Yang
Undergraduate Economic Review
Alumni donation has a significant impact on the function of liberal arts institutions across the U.S. Specific factors relating to alumni donation behavior have been identified in previous research; however few studies systematically utilize existing theories of motivation for voluntary contributions to evaluate the effectiveness of alumni donation factors. This research classifies specific factors into reciprocity and conformity and surveys Ohio Wesleyan University (OWU) alumni about donation attitudes. The logistic regression model and the linear regression model complement each other and provide support for the hypothesis that the more one subjects to conformity, the more likely one tends to donate …
Youth Aptitude As A Predictor Of Adulthood Income, Jaret Kanarek
Youth Aptitude As A Predictor Of Adulthood Income, Jaret Kanarek
Undergraduate Economic Review
I examine the relationship between youth aptitude and adulthood income. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of the Youth 1979 cohort and OLS regression analysis, I test the hypothesis that a higher 1981 Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) score is directly related to a higher income in 2010, ceteris paribus. First, a single regression equation is run for educational attainment subgroups at the time of taking the AFQT. Second, a regression equation including total lifetime educational attainment, and one that excludes it, are run to examine potential co-linearity between AFQT score and educational attainment. The results show that AFQT is significant …
Contingent Valuation Methodology: Evaluation Of Benefits Of Improving Water Quality In The Lake Tai Region, Zongda Tu
Undergraduate Economic Review
Environmental economics is a relatively new field in the subject of economics. While the developing countries are growing and developing rapidly, the conflict between economic development and environmental preservation is becoming more and more irreconcilable. This methodology paper addresses the relationship between the water quality in the Lake Tai Region in China and economic benefits, and presents the contingent valuation methdology (CVM) to evaluate benefits.
The Effect Of Crossing The $100 Million Jackpot Threshold On Ticket Sales, Stanton Hudja
The Effect Of Crossing The $100 Million Jackpot Threshold On Ticket Sales, Stanton Hudja
Undergraduate Economic Review
There has been little research done on how consumers react to jackpots that first cross the $100 million threshold. Using two sets of time series data, I measure the effect on demand of being the first jackpot in a series of jackpots to cross the $100 million threshold. In both datasets, there is an additional increase in the growth of lottery ticket sales based solely on being the first jackpot to equal or surpass $100 million. These findings are not consistent with the principle of diminishing marginal utility and suggest a psychological significance of the number 100.
Examining The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task-Relevant Attentional Control, And Task Performance: Evidence From Event-Related Brain Potentials, Jason Themanson, Peter Peter J. Rosen
Examining The Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Task-Relevant Attentional Control, And Task Performance: Evidence From Event-Related Brain Potentials, Jason Themanson, Peter Peter J. Rosen
Scholarship
Self-efficacy (SE) is a modifiable psychosocial factor related to individuals’ beliefs in their capabilities to successfully complete courses of action and has been shown to be positively associated with task performance. The authors hypothesized that one means through which SE is related with improved performance is through enhanced task-relevant attentional control during task execution. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the relationships between SE and behavioral and neural indices of task performance and task-relevant attentional control for 76 young adults during the completion of a flanker task. Results showed that greater SE was associated with greater response accuracy and P3b …
Starting From Scratch: Meaningful Integration Of Information Literacy Through Collaborative Course And Assignment Design, Chris Sweet, Meghan Burke
Starting From Scratch: Meaningful Integration Of Information Literacy Through Collaborative Course And Assignment Design, Chris Sweet, Meghan Burke
Scholarly Publications
Instruction librarians are all too familiar with well-intentioned research papers and assignments that reduce information literacy to a simplistic checklist (must include 4 peer-reviewed sources) or set of skills (use interlibrary loan, cite materials properly). Librarians and classroom faculty should recognize that information literacy cannot just be magically imparted to students through a single assignment or library instruction session. Becoming information literate requires repeated practice in a variety of contexts. How often have you wished for the opportunity to just sit down with a faculty member and start from scratch when designing an assignment –or even better- an entire course? …
The Effect Of Relative Wage On Hours Worked, Mark Giannis
The Effect Of Relative Wage On Hours Worked, Mark Giannis
Honors Projects
Traditional economic research on the number of hours that one chooses to work depends largely on wage rates and total family income. However, more recent research in behavioral economics suggests that one’s relative position in the community’s income distribution could also affect hours worked. This paper investigates the effect of an individual’s relative wage will have on their actual hours worked. Relative wage is defined as how one’s wage compares to others within the same geographical region. Cross-sectional data from 2004 to 2013 is used from the Current Population Survey to estimate the traditional labor supply function with the addition …
Trade Openness And Economic Growth, Anh Tung Dao
Trade Openness And Economic Growth, Anh Tung Dao
Mark A. Israel '91 Endowed Summer Research Fund in Economics
Trade liberalization has been central to the discussion of development policy in recent decades. In the 1990s, the Washington Consensus, a set of 10 major development policy recommendations from Washington-based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), regarded trade openness as essential to the achieve higher economic growth. Trade policy, according to the Washington Consensus, should focus on lowering tariffs on imports, especially cheap intermediate inputs that give countries competitive edges in export industries. Although acknowledging the negative effects this type of policy could have on competing domestic industries, the Consensus believed that protection …
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Being Excluded By The Targets Of A Witnessed Social Exclusion, Kaitlin R. Dunn
Neural And Behavioral Effects Of Being Excluded By The Targets Of A Witnessed Social Exclusion, Kaitlin R. Dunn
Honors Projects
The consequences of social exclusion can be extremely detrimental to physical and emotional well being, ranging from mild distress to extreme violence and aggression. Research findings indicate that witnessing exclusion is just as common as experiencing exclusion and can invoke similar levels of distress. As such, it is also important to examine responses and reactions to the targets after witnessing it. Accordingly, this study examined the association between witnessing and experiencing social exclusion and event-related brain potential (ERP) activity. ERPs were collected while participants played a game of Cyberball with the previous targets of a witnessed inclusion or exclusion and …
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren E. Nielsen
Trust-Based Relational Intervention (Tbri) For Adopted Children Receiving Therapy In An Outpatient Setting, Lauren E. Nielsen
Honors Projects
We explored the relationship between Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) and treatment outcomes for adopted children participating in treatment services through the Adoption Preservation Program at a Midwest child welfare organization. Adopted children who have trauma histories may have their adoptions disrupted if they do not receive the proper therapy to improve their overall functioning (Purvis, Cross, & Pennings, 2009; Davis, 1 999). We investigated a new intervention, TBRI, and its potential impact on children with trauma histories who are receiving outpatient therapy at a local child welfare center. Specifically, we examined whether family functioning and child functioning are improved after …
Frontal Lobe Theta Activity In Socially Ostracized Individuals: Understanding Social Ostracism Through Eeg, Victoria Whitaker
Frontal Lobe Theta Activity In Socially Ostracized Individuals: Understanding Social Ostracism Through Eeg, Victoria Whitaker
Honors Projects
The present study used a chat room paradigm to examine the effects of social ostracism on theta EEG activity in the frontal lobe. Participants were placed in an online chat room with two other individuals whose chat room profiles indicated they were both the opposite gender of the participant and attending other universities in central Illinois. Unknown to participants, these individuals were actually confederates in the study, and the pictures used on these profiles had previously been rated as either attractive or unattractive by college students. This experiment consisted of three primary phases. In the first phase, confederates actively included …
The Effects Of Social Exclusion On The Ern And The Cognitive Control Of Action Monitoring, Jason Themanson, Aaron Ball, Stephanie Khatcherian, Peter Rosen
The Effects Of Social Exclusion On The Ern And The Cognitive Control Of Action Monitoring, Jason Themanson, Aaron Ball, Stephanie Khatcherian, Peter Rosen
Scholarship
The current study investigated the influence of social exclusion, created through the Cyberball paradigm, on cognitive control using neural and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Healthy young adults performed a modified flanker task while their post-error behavior (accuracy, RT) and error-related negativity (ERN) were assessed. Results indicated that excluded participants showed decreased ERN and post-error response accuracy compared to included participants following their social interactions. These findings suggest that a common neural framework may exist for cognitive control processes and that cognitive control allocated toward exclusion-related processing following exclusionary social interactions may disrupt the capability to support self-regulatory action monitoring.
The Ongoing Cognitive Processing Of Exclusionary Social Events: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Jason Themanson
The Ongoing Cognitive Processing Of Exclusionary Social Events: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Jason Themanson
Scholarship
Exclusionary social events are known to cause alterations in neural activity and attention-related processes. However, the precise nature of these neural adjustments remains unknown as previous research has been limited to examining social interactions and exclusionary events as unitary phenomena. To address this limitation, we assessed neural activity during both inclusionary and exclusionary social interactions by examining event-related brain potentials at multiple points within each social event. Our results show an initial enhancement of anterior cingulate cortex-related activation, indexed by the anterior N2, in response to specific exclusionary events followed by an enhanced attentional orienting response, indexed by the P3a, …
Development Of A Measure Of Nurse Vigilance From The Patient ' S Perspective: A Content Validity Study, Jennifer Boll
Development Of A Measure Of Nurse Vigilance From The Patient ' S Perspective: A Content Validity Study, Jennifer Boll
Honors Projects
Problem: Since the landmark Institute of Medicine report, To Err is Human, was published in 1999, patient safety has become a major concern in healthcare systems. Although attention is being given to patient safety and preventing patient morbidity and mortality, experts indicate that little progress has been made in decreasing healthcare errors. Vigilance is a phenomenon often identified in the literature as a means to promote patient safety and well-being. Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish content validity in a newly developed instrument designed to measure nurse vigilance from a patient perspective. Method: Generated 130 items and …
Estimating The Effect Of Home Court Advantage On Wins In The Nba, Jason Kotecki
Estimating The Effect Of Home Court Advantage On Wins In The Nba, Jason Kotecki
Honors Projects
What is the effect of home court advantage in the National Basketball Association (NBA)? Based on the Economic Theory of Professional Sports and the concept of shirking, teams should perform better at home than they do on the road. Descriptive statistics support this expectation. It is hypothesized that a home court advantage is due to fan attendance, field goal and free throw percentages, and fouls called by the referee. Following every NBA team and every game played over a three-year span (2008-2011), this paper estimates the probability of producing a win at home based on the aforementioned variables. Using a …
Does Educational Inequality Explain Income Inequality Across Countries?, Claudia Petcu
Does Educational Inequality Explain Income Inequality Across Countries?, Claudia Petcu
Honors Projects
A wide variety of studies support the notion that income inequality has detrimental effects on a country’s economic growth, levels of trust in government, and even health of its citizens. Throughout economics literature, numerous researchers have endeavored to explain the variance in income inequality across countries. One notable area of inquiry examines how dispersion in education of the labor force impacts income inequality, but it generally yields ambiguous and inconsistent results. This paper examines income inequality as a function of educational inequality in a cross-sectional analysis. It attempts to improve on previous research by utilizing more recent data such as …
Open Trade Policies: Filthy Fog Of The Future?, Erin Wachtel
Open Trade Policies: Filthy Fog Of The Future?, Erin Wachtel
Honors Projects
This paper focuses on the relationships between open trade, environmental policies, and greenhouse gas exposures between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Comparative advantage theory posits that opening up to trade will capitalize on a country's efficiency and increase a country's gross national product. Furthermore, because of less government regulations in underdeveloped countries, it is hypothesized that as GDP increases in Mexico, there could also be a subsequent increase in air pollutants. This study focuses on what determinants might have an effect on C02, NOx, NzO, and CHF3 emissions (the major greenhouse gas emission) in three countries (Canada, Mexico and …
Carving The Perfect Citizen: The Adventures Of Italian Pinocchio In The Soviet Union And The United States, Rachel Branson
Carving The Perfect Citizen: The Adventures Of Italian Pinocchio In The Soviet Union And The United States, Rachel Branson
Honors Projects
Approaches to what exactly a fairy tale should accomplish and how it accomplishes it are varied. Nevertheless, however diverse the conclusions of different fairy-tale genre studies may be, they all come to a similar result: a fairy tale is a representation of cultural perspective and understanding that acts as an important socialization tool, whether it teaches its audience how to understand and mitigate basic fears and human functions or reinforces an existing moral and social structure. Maria Tatar, a contemporary folktale and fairy tale scholar, writes that the "staying power" of fairy tales "suggests that they must be addressing issues …