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Articles 6271 - 6300 of 8221

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Front Matter Jan 2009

Front Matter

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

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Entrepreneurship: The Engine Of Growth. Minniti, Maria, Andrew Zacharakis, Stephen Spinelli, And Mark P. Rice. (Eds.). Westport, Ct.: Praeger Publishers, 2007, 768 Pp., Us $300.00, Isbn 0275989860., Leticia Camacho Jan 2009

Entrepreneurship: The Engine Of Growth. Minniti, Maria, Andrew Zacharakis, Stephen Spinelli, And Mark P. Rice. (Eds.). Westport, Ct.: Praeger Publishers, 2007, 768 Pp., Us $300.00, Isbn 0275989860., Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Existing literature demonstrates that there is a close link between entrepreneurship and economic growth, primarily because new businesses contribute to employment creation. According to U.S. Census data, small businesses employ up to 50% of the private work force and generate 60% to 80% of the net new jobs each year. In a time where countries face multiple economic challenges, entrepreneurs could play a significant role in the economic growth of a country, a state, or a city.

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Incremental Processing And Resource Usage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Jeremiah Lane Mcghee, Ross Hendrickson, Carl Christensen Jan 2009

Incremental Processing And Resource Usage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Jeremiah Lane Mcghee, Ross Hendrickson, Carl Christensen

Faculty Publications

Within the community engaged in Soar-based cognitive modeling (Newell, 1990), some work has focused on parsing natural language input text. An early version of the system (Lewis, 1993) performed syntactic analysis based largely on the Government & Binding (aka Principles & Parameters) framework, including X-bar theory for constituency.

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T-Glottalization In American English, David Eddington, Michael Taylor Jan 2009

T-Glottalization In American English, David Eddington, Michael Taylor

Faculty Publications

In word-final prevocalic position (e.g., right ankle), there are various possible phonetic realizations of /t/ in American English: [t], [r], [?]. The present study focuses on the linguistic and social factors associated with the use of the glottal stop. Datat were gathered by having participants repeat sentences they were presented auditorily (e.g, She twisted her right ankle). The particular pronunciation of /t/ in the presented sentences was masked with a tone. Logistic regression analysis identified three significant factors: (1) glottal stops were favored by following front vowels; (2) younger female speakers were most likely to use glottal stops, which …

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Fraud Casebook: Lessons From The Bad Side Of Business. Wells, Joseph T. (Ed.).Hoboken, Nj: Wiley, 2007, 610 Pp., Us$68.00, Isbn 978-0-470-13468-9., Leticia Camacho Jan 2009

Fraud Casebook: Lessons From The Bad Side Of Business. Wells, Joseph T. (Ed.).Hoboken, Nj: Wiley, 2007, 610 Pp., Us$68.00, Isbn 978-0-470-13468-9., Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Since the unveiling of corporate scandals such as Enron, the United State’s government has aggressively prosecuted fraud cases and has established tougher laws in an effort to prevent fraud. For the PricewaterhouseCoopers study titled Economic Crime: People, Culture and Controls,1representativesof 5,400 companies from 40 different countries were interviewed. Forty-three percent reported that their companies had been victims of economic crime within the past 2 years. The average loss from fraud per company increased nearly 40% in 2 years from roughly US$1.7 million in 2005 to approximatelyUS$2.4 million in 2007. Along with the increased government concern about corporate fraud has come …

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Corruption And Development: The Armenian Case, Phillip J. Bryson, Sevak Tsaturyan Jan 2009

Corruption And Development: The Armenian Case, Phillip J. Bryson, Sevak Tsaturyan

Faculty Publications

To determine the relationship between corruption and economic growth variables, we undertake a general analysis of those relationships for 39 countries over an eleven year period. Since the data on corruption specific to Armenia are insufficient for an econometric analysis, we undertake a case study of that country to illuminate the relationships determined by the empirical analysis. We find corruption to be a hindrance for overall economic performance, since there is a strong negative correlation between corruption indices and real per capita GDP. Regressing real Foreign Direct Investment on corruption, however, we found no strong relationship between the two. Nor …

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Engaging Students In Writing Labs: An Empirical Study Of Reading And Commenting On Student Papers, Joyce Adams Jan 2009

Engaging Students In Writing Labs: An Empirical Study Of Reading And Commenting On Student Papers, Joyce Adams

Faculty Publications

Writing Center literature fails to come to a consensus on whether students or tutors should read student papers during tutorials. This empirical study sought to discover whether the choice of reader and the timing of the tutors’ comments affected the engagement of the student in the tutorial. The study explored six patterns of reading and commenting styles with 30 trials of each. Both students and tutors completed evaluation forms following each tutorial; the results include a summary of the quantitative outcome, as well as insightful comments that were included on the evaluation forms. Both students and tutors believe that it …

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Investigating The Effects Of Marriage And Relationship Education On Couples' Communication Skills: A Meta-Analytic Study, Victoria L. Blanchard, Alan J. Hawkins, Scott A. Baldwin, Elizabeth B. Fawcett Jan 2009

Investigating The Effects Of Marriage And Relationship Education On Couples' Communication Skills: A Meta-Analytic Study, Victoria L. Blanchard, Alan J. Hawkins, Scott A. Baldwin, Elizabeth B. Fawcett

Faculty Publications

This meta-analysis probes into previous research substantiating the positive effects of marriage and relationship education (MRE) on couples' communication skills. We reviewed 97 MRE research reports that yielded 143 distinct evaluation studies. We found modest evidence that MRE functions both as a universal prevention and as a selective or indicated prevention. That is, MRE demonstrates program effects at longer term follow-ups for more distressed couples. In addition, we found that observational assessments produced larger effects than self-report assessments, although interpreting the meaning of this difference is difficult.

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Adolescent Religiosity As A Protective Factor For Delinquency: Review Of Evidence And A Conceptual Framework For Future Research, Robert D. Laird, Matthew D. Marrero, Loren D. Marks Jan 2009

Adolescent Religiosity As A Protective Factor For Delinquency: Review Of Evidence And A Conceptual Framework For Future Research, Robert D. Laird, Matthew D. Marrero, Loren D. Marks

Faculty Publications

The first section of this chapter reviews evidence showing that although greater religiosity has been associated with less involvement in delinquent and analogous behaviors, the mechanisms and processes through which religiosity is linked too delinquent behavior are not well understood. In the second section of the chapter, a conceptual framework and theory for studying the religion-delinquency association will be presented. The framework adapts and builds on Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) General Theory of Crime. The third section of the chapter presents results off the initial study guided by the framework. Data are drawn from a longitudinal study of development during …

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Latter-Day Saint Children And Youth In America, David C. Dollahite Jan 2009

Latter-Day Saint Children And Youth In America, David C. Dollahite

Faculty Publications

Some of the concepts of the view of the childhood held by the Latter-day Saints can be found in stories told about the early life of their founder and first prophet, Joseph Smith. Brother Joseph, as he was known to the Saints, often took time to play games with children and youth. Some Mormons, with their early American sense of propriety about religious leaders, were troubled by Joseph's playful nature. One day a Brother Wakefield came to the Prophet's home to discuss church business. He was told that Brother Joseph was translating the word of God. Brother Wakefield waited some …

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A Brief Feedback Intervention For Diagnostic Overshadowing, David Wood, Terence J.G. Tracey Jan 2009

A Brief Feedback Intervention For Diagnostic Overshadowing, David Wood, Terence J.G. Tracey

Faculty Publications

Clinical decision-making errors are well-documented among both experienced clinicians and students. One robust clinical decision-making error is called diagnostic overshadowing (DO), which occurs when the presence of one diagnosis interferes with the detection of other diagnoses. This study tested whether two types of instruction and brief feedback interventions reduced the likelihood of DO. Specifically, content-based feedback and principle-based feedback significantly reduced the likelihood of DO among doctoral students in clinical and counseling psychology. An intervention effect was found when the training task and the target task were highly similar. Recommendations for improving diagnostic decision-making among trainees in professional psychology are …

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Multiple Pathways To Functional Impairment In Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Scott A. Baldwin, Yeraz Markarian, Michale J. Larson, Mirela A. Aldea, Daniel Good, Arjan Berkeljon, Tanya K. Murphy, Eric A. Storch, Dean Mckay Jan 2009

Multiple Pathways To Functional Impairment In Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Scott A. Baldwin, Yeraz Markarian, Michale J. Larson, Mirela A. Aldea, Daniel Good, Arjan Berkeljon, Tanya K. Murphy, Eric A. Storch, Dean Mckay

Faculty Publications

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and debilitating condition that is relatively common in both children and adults, and it is associated with a wide range of functional impairments. Mental health researchers and practitioners have placed considerable attention on OCD over the past two decades, with the goal of advancing treatment and understanding its etiology. Until recently, it was unknown to what extent this disorder was associated with functional impairment. However, recent research shows that the condition has significant social and occupational liabilities. This article discusses etiology, common symptom presentations (including comorbid and ancillary symptoms), basic OCD subtypes, neuropsychological functioning, …

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The 100 Best Business Books Of All Time: What They Say, Why They Matter, And How They Can Help You, Leticia Camacho Jan 2009

The 100 Best Business Books Of All Time: What They Say, Why They Matter, And How They Can Help You, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

Book lists are always helpful, especially in the field of business, given the many titles published each year. The authors of this publication are experienced book reviewers who operate a business book retailing firm (800-CEO-READ). In this work, they feature a selection of their 100 favorite business books.

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On The Contribution Of Perceptual Fluency And Priming To Recognition Memory, M. A. Conroy, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire Jan 2009

On The Contribution Of Perceptual Fluency And Priming To Recognition Memory, M. A. Conroy, Ramona O. Hopkins, L. R. Squire

Faculty Publications

Repetition priming has been shown to be independent of recognition memory. Thus, the severely amnesic patient E.P. has demonstrated intact stem completion priming and perceptual identification priming, despite at-chance performance on recognition memory tasks. It has also been shown that perceptual fluency can influence feelings of familiarity, in the sense that items perceived more quickly tend to be identified as familiar. If studied items are identified more fluently, due to perceptual priming, and fluency leads to familiarity, why do severely amnesic patients perform no better than chance on recognition memory tasks? One possibility is that severely amnesic patients do not …

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Parentage Statements And Paired Stelae: Signs Of Dynastic Succession For The Classic Maya, Daniel Moroni Stewart Dec 2008

Parentage Statements And Paired Stelae: Signs Of Dynastic Succession For The Classic Maya, Daniel Moroni Stewart

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and document parentage statements and paired stela found on Maya monuments or portable objects. While the existence of parentage statements, within the Maya text, has been known since the late 1970s, no thesis or major research project has ever been published pertaining to this class of glyphs within the Maya script. In 1977 Christopher Jones is credited with the discovery of parentage statements in Maya hieroglyphic texts (Jones 1977). His discovery was followed by a detailed analysis of parentage statements by Floyd Lounsbury, Peter Mathews, and Linda Schele (1977). They introduced most …

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Developing Writing Fluency Through Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication, Rossana Camacho Dec 2008

Developing Writing Fluency Through Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication, Rossana Camacho

Theses and Dissertations

Drawing from sociocultural theory, this research investigated the effects of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) in the development of writing fluency. Likewise, the study aimed at confirming previously cited affective benefits linked to SCMC. Measuring fluency in words per 30 minutes, the study compared pre and post-test essay scores of two groups of ESL learners (a control group and a SCMC group) in two intermediate levels. Two evaluation questionnaires were also administered to the SCMC group in order to obtain students' opinions of this technology-based medium, and to analyze change in their perceptions. The SCMC group outperformed the control group in …

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Utilitizing And Moving Beyond A Constructionist Approach To Trace The Emergence Of Racial And Ethnic Identities Among Pre-Mexican, Mexican And Americans Of Mexican Descent, Owen Williamson Dec 2008

Utilitizing And Moving Beyond A Constructionist Approach To Trace The Emergence Of Racial And Ethnic Identities Among Pre-Mexican, Mexican And Americans Of Mexican Descent, Owen Williamson

Theses and Dissertations

Cornell and Hartmann (2007) developed a constructionist framework that can describe the development of racial and ethnic identities. Yet this framework has greater utility than its authors have intended as it also provides the best rubric to date for comprehending the transitions between collective identity group types. This study engages in a thorough investigation of the development of racial and ethnic identities within the context of those that precede it via an ethnohistorical analysis. It also demonstrates that this framework is capable of describing pre-modern religious and national identity types in addition to racial and ethnic identity types. This permits …

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Client Change In Multi-Model Treatment: A Comparison Of Change Trajectories In Group, Individual, And Conjoint Formats In A Counseling Center, Bryan K. Mickelson Dec 2008

Client Change In Multi-Model Treatment: A Comparison Of Change Trajectories In Group, Individual, And Conjoint Formats In A Counseling Center, Bryan K. Mickelson

Theses and Dissertations

Providing clinicians with a clearer understanding of how clients' recover over the entire course of therapy has important implications for referral and treatment strategies. The present study compares rates of change in 160 clients in group therapy with 6632 clients in individual therapy and 864 clients receiving both individual therapy and group therapy. Therapeutic outcomes were measured using the Outcome Questionnaire-45. Data was analyzed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), also called Multi-Level Modeling (MLM), to produce recovery curves for clients in each group. Recovery curves showed that most change occurred in the early part of group therapy and slowed near …

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Menstrual Cycle And Visual Information Processing, Michelle Nash Dec 2008

Menstrual Cycle And Visual Information Processing, Michelle Nash

Theses and Dissertations

This project examined the effects menstruation may have on visual attention in women. A recent study examined electroencephalographic (EEG) gender differences using a visual object recognition task. Results indicated certain EEG amplitudes (specifically, P300 and N400) are greater in women than men. This study extended the previous findings to determine if these increased EEG amplitudes vary across menstrual phases. Eighteen female participants participated in a series of 3 EEG recording sessions using the same visual object recognition task from the previous study; 18 male participants completed this task once. Analyses from 15 of the 18 female and 16 of the …

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The Gendered Meanings Of Assets For Divorce, Jeffrey P. Dew Dec 2008

The Gendered Meanings Of Assets For Divorce, Jeffrey P. Dew

Faculty Publications

Scholars identified a negative relationship between assets and divorce decades ago, but the mechanisms behind this relationship remain unknown. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (N = 4,721 couples), this study compared three mechanisms that might link assets and divorce. Non-proportional Cox hazard models indicated that two of the three mechanisms explained the relationship between assets and divorce. Wives’ marital satisfaction and their perceptions of their hypothetical post-divorce standard of living completely mediated the relationship between assets and divorce. The relationship between assets and divorce was not related to husbands’ characteristics.

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Faith And News: A Quantitative Study Of The Relationship Between Religiosity And Tv News Exposure, Raquel Marvez Dec 2008

Faith And News: A Quantitative Study Of The Relationship Between Religiosity And Tv News Exposure, Raquel Marvez

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between religiosity and broadcast news usage. This study examines the level of religiosity of individuals and its correlation to broadcast news exposure. The correlation between religiosity and perceptions of violence on broadcast news was also measured. Two theories were applied in this study. Uses and Gratifications asserts the active character of the audience to choose what they watch, how often, etc., and Selective Exposure defends the ability of the individual to select media that coincides with personal value systems. These two theories complement each other and provide support in the …

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Value Conflicts In Psychotherapy: Psychology Graduates' Perspectives, Shannon Vincent Wilde Dec 2008

Value Conflicts In Psychotherapy: Psychology Graduates' Perspectives, Shannon Vincent Wilde

Theses and Dissertations

Although psychotherapy has been viewed historically as value-neutral, developments over the last half-century have led to the generally accepted position that values are inescapable in therapy. However, many questions remain as to how values should be managed in psychotherapy in order to protect client autonomy. These issues are of particular concern to training programs, which bear the responsibility of instructing new psychologists in ethical values management and of helping trainees manage personal values when those values are in conflict with those of their clients or with the values of the field in general. One aspect that has not previously been …

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Monarch Cheers, Integration Whimpers, And A Loyalty Conflict: Kansas City Call's Coverage Of The Black Yankees, 1937-1955, Eric M. Eames Dec 2008

Monarch Cheers, Integration Whimpers, And A Loyalty Conflict: Kansas City Call's Coverage Of The Black Yankees, 1937-1955, Eric M. Eames

Theses and Dissertations

Already regarded as one of the top teams in Negro League baseball, the Kansas City Monarchs became known as a powerhouse unit in the 1930s and 40s. They rolled into towns with lights, amazing athletes, and competitive play. They won championship after championship during these years as Kansas City baseball fans strongly supported them. As they became an integral part of the city, the Monarchs' success, open-seating policy, and jazzy home openers fostered a large following of mixed-race fans. The local black newspaper, the Kansas City Call, held them up on a pedestal, while sportswriters for the mainstream Kansas City …

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Manager Tools Podcast: A Study Of Podcasting's Effectiveness With Profit Potential, Quincy Frodesen Beal Dec 2008

Manager Tools Podcast: A Study Of Podcasting's Effectiveness With Profit Potential, Quincy Frodesen Beal

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis seeks to understand further the effectiveness and profit potential of podcasting. The study combines the theories of uses and gratifications and subjective theory of value to create a model for podcasting's value. The model is put to the test using the Manager Tools podcast as the subject. Data suggest the three main drivers behind perceived podcast effectiveness are pleasure, habit, and information gathering. Relaxation proved to have a negative influence on perceived effectiveness. The audience's willingness to pay was determined by perceived effectiveness, scarcity, and habit. Though not a generalizable study, the conclusion discusses the findings' implications on …

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Marital Problems And Marital Satisfaction: An Examination Of A Brazilian Sample, Nalu De Araujo Nunes Dec 2008

Marital Problems And Marital Satisfaction: An Examination Of A Brazilian Sample, Nalu De Araujo Nunes

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to examine the types of problems faced by Brazilian couples in the sample, the gender differences in the perception of marital problems, and the associations between marital problems and marital satisfaction. The sample used in this study was part of the third wave of data collection of a longitudinal study of 126 families living in Porto Alegre, a city in southern Brazil. The RDAS was the instrument used to assess marital satisfaction. Marital problems were identified by asking participants to check the problems they perceive in their marriage from a list of common marital …

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A Quantitative Study Of The Effectiveness Of Positive Behavior Support In Secondary Schools, Rebecca Lynn Raftery Dec 2008

A Quantitative Study Of The Effectiveness Of Positive Behavior Support In Secondary Schools, Rebecca Lynn Raftery

Theses and Dissertations

This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a second tier intervention on at risk students' behaviors and academic success. The study included 113 middle school and junior high students identified as being at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders using the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (SSBD). The participants were assigned to a control group (no treatment), one, two, or three semesters of the intervention. The intervention integrated components of social skills instruction, self-management techniques, and social and emotional awareness. Students' behaviors and academic success were measured using school data (i.e. GPA, Office Discipline Referrals, attendance, and …

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Film Families: The Portrayal Of The Family In Teen Films From 1980 To 2007, Caroline Clayton Clark Dec 2008

Film Families: The Portrayal Of The Family In Teen Films From 1980 To 2007, Caroline Clayton Clark

Theses and Dissertations

American adolescents watch an average of 3.5 hours of television and movies everyday; many attend more than one movie a month. Adolescents as a group watch more movies than any other group of the population, yet little research has been done on what is shown in teen movies. Adolescence is a time when values, beliefs, and opinions are formed and the media has been found to be a place that adolescents find information that can influence the construction of these identities. While there has been a vast amount of research looking at the family as portrayed on television shows, there …

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The Impact Of Divorce On Physical, Social, Psychological, And Socioeconomic Well-Being, Robyn J. Barrus Dec 2008

The Impact Of Divorce On Physical, Social, Psychological, And Socioeconomic Well-Being, Robyn J. Barrus

Theses and Dissertations

Divorce brings unprecedented changes. The prevalence of divorce today constitutes a need to thoroughly study the well-being of divorced peoples. This study used a multidimensional definition of well-being to study divorced peoples and other marital statuses. Physical, social, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being were used. This study hypothesized that the married and remarried have higher well-being than the never married who in turn have higher well-being than the divorced or separated. It was also hypothesized that some are pre-disposed to divorce. ANCOVA analysis was used to test these hypotheses in a sample of approximately 9,863 respondents from the NSFH study. Support …

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From Suffragettes To Grandmothers: A Qualitative Textual Analysis Of Newspaper Coverage Of Five Female Politicians In Utah's Deseret News And Salt Lake Tribune, Holly M. Cox Dec 2008

From Suffragettes To Grandmothers: A Qualitative Textual Analysis Of Newspaper Coverage Of Five Female Politicians In Utah's Deseret News And Salt Lake Tribune, Holly M. Cox

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines press coverage in the Deseret News and Salt Lake Tribune of five female politicians in Utah history: Martha Hughes Cannon (1896), Reva Beck Bosone (1948), Karen Shepherd (1992), Enid Greene Waldholtz (1994), and Olene S. Walker (2003). A total of 438 articles were reviewed using qualitative textual analysis. Coverage by candidate varied, though it was not in general overtly biased concerning candidate gender. However, the press did call attention to the gender of candidate and gendered commentary was present. The press also called attention to the rarity of women running for high political office and addressed the …

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Autism Fast Start Checklist, Tina Taylor, Leeann Whiffen Dec 2008

Autism Fast Start Checklist, Tina Taylor, Leeann Whiffen

Faculty Publications

This Fast Start Checklist was created to help parents in Utah who are concerned that their child is exhibiting signs of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It serves as a general guideline for obtaining support through the evaluation and initial treatment process and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Early Intervention and school personnel can guide parents to these resources as they collaborate to determine the best route for serving children who exhibit signs of ASD. Parents should be encouraged to not try to do everything on this list, as they are provided as points to consider. This checklist is …

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