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Articles 4441 - 4470 of 8231

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Twentieth Century Chinggis Khan, Joseph Benson, Dr. Paul Hyer Jan 2014

Twentieth Century Chinggis Khan, Joseph Benson, Dr. Paul Hyer

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I spent several months this summer in Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), where I studied how Chinggis Khan (Ghengis Khan) is an icon to the Mongolians of Inner Mongolian, the Chinese of Inner Mongolia and the Mongolians of Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR). My research naturally focused on the Chinggis Khan Mausoleum located in the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia because this mausoleum is the longest standing historical symbol of Chinggis Khan. The mausoleum was established in the late thirteenth century during the reign of Khublai Khan. The protectorate tribe of the Mausoleum, called …

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Double Loop And Active Learning And Teaching Assistant Labs, Jennia Schwebach, Dr. Scott Hammond, Quint Randle Jan 2014

Double Loop And Active Learning And Teaching Assistant Labs, Jennia Schwebach, Dr. Scott Hammond, Quint Randle

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Double-loop learning is when the teacher offers the students more than one cycle of conceptualization. For example, the teacher may lecture on the material (loop one) and then give a group exercise (loop two). However, the teacher is not limited to two loops and may go on to give the students more exercises or activities to create loop three or four. This theory is student centered because it focuses on adapting to the needs of the students. However, all the loops must occur in the classroom and not as homework. Conversely, single-loop learning is centered on the expertise of the …

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Armenian Language Textbook: A Communicative Approach To Language Learning, John Henry Jorgensen, Dr. Cynthia Hallen Jan 2014

Armenian Language Textbook: A Communicative Approach To Language Learning, John Henry Jorgensen, Dr. Cynthia Hallen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the Post-Soviet era, there has been a dearth of language materials available to those wishing to learn the Armenian language. Thorough language texts are simply not available in Eastern Armenian, the official language of the Republic of Armenia. The small number of texts that exist are primarily geared toward native Russian speakers who wished to learn Armenian during the former Soviet regime.

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A Test Of Transitivity, Derek L. Hansen, Dr. Mark Showalter Jan 2014

A Test Of Transitivity, Derek L. Hansen, Dr. Mark Showalter

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A theory is only as good as the assumptions upon which it is based. Because of this, assumptions are constantly held up to the light to see if, in fact, they are genuine. In the field of Economics, several assumptions are made concerning the rationality of humans. One of these presumed rational behaviors is called transitivity. Transitivity simply means that if I prefer A to B, and B to C, it follows that I should also prefer A to C. The purpose of this project was to test whether or not people are transitive, and if so, what factors contribute …

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Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards Jan 2014

Investigating Attitudes Of Seniors Towards The Role Of The Gospel In Their Classes: A Student-Initiated Feedback Study Across The College Of Family, Home & Social Sciences At Byu, Dan Williams, Jacob Hess, Trevor Davis, Dr Robert Hunt, Dr. Scott Richards

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of our study was to investigate the perspectives of fellow students towards current efforts at addressing the gospel of Jesus Christ in their departmental classes. The idea of a “BYU education,” while based in bedrock faith, is not a static concept; rather, strategies to apply our faith to daily learning moments are constantly evolving. We were interested in how other senior students perceived current efforts in “secular” classes to interface with the gospel. We asked ourselves, ‘what distinguishes positive experiences from the negative ones?’ What do other students think? Are their experiences similar to ours? A foundational assumption …

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Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen Jan 2014

Crisis Intervention, Adrianne White, Dr. Melissa Allen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Because of the media’s focus on recent incidents of school violence, there is an increased awareness of the need for effective crisis prevention and intervention in our public schools. In order to learn more about current training needs for crisis intervention, a survey was conducted with 350 randomly selected, nationally certified school psychologists (81% return rate). Although school psychologists are seen as the primary personnel to assist in crisis situations, minimal university training is provided to prepare them for this role.

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Phrasal Cloning Through Analogical Modeling Of Language, Deryl K. Hatch, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Jan 2014

Phrasal Cloning Through Analogical Modeling Of Language, Deryl K. Hatch, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Analogical Modeling (AM) is an algorithm for systematically comparing related sets of data (‘vectors’) in search of patterns of recurrence or dominance, whether they be apparent or not, in order to predict the likely outcome of novel occurrences. As an alternative to rule-based explanations of language, for example, it allows analogy to predict behavior, instead of rules prescribing that behavior. The motivation behind this approach is the idea that the human mind learns and processes language more by analogy than through applying hierarchal rules. It has successfully modeled many tendencies in language: historical change in English, irregularities and “exceptional” behavior …

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Two-Level Persian Morphology Engine, Jonathan Dehdari, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Jan 2014

Two-Level Persian Morphology Engine, Jonathan Dehdari, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Persian language, or Farsi, stands in a unique position in the international scene for political, religious, and historical reasons. With over 60 million speakers in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, interest has been growing lately in the West in using current technologies to better manipulate information in Farsi. In order to utilize Farsi data effectively, computers must be able to understand its morphology, or the individual components of a word. This understanding of morphology is necessary because of the language’s productive usage of affixes, as well as the substantial interaction between its morphology and its phonology and orthography. I have …

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The Influences Of International Media On Chilean Media And Their Approaches To Human Rights Issues, Leticia Adams, Dr. Eliza Tanner Jan 2014

The Influences Of International Media On Chilean Media And Their Approaches To Human Rights Issues, Leticia Adams, Dr. Eliza Tanner

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past ten years, Chilean media have had more access to international media due to Chile’s expanding telecommunications platform. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not international media coverage of human rights (HR) issues influences Chilean media coverage of HR issues. I define international media (IM) as media that originate outside of Chile and transcend Chile’s borders via communication systems such as the Internet, satellite, or fax. I hypothesized that the presence of IM causes Chilean media to deal with HR issues in ways that they would not if they were entirely isolated.

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Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert Jan 2014

Effects Of Monetary Rewards And Verbal Praise On Intrinsic Motivation: A Replication Addressing Specific Confounds Present In Earlier Research, Santino C. Gaitan, Dr. Michael B. Ehlert

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past thirty years a significant body of research has been developed examining the effects that tangible rewards such as money have on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsically motivated behavior consists of behavior that cannot be readily attributed to external factors. Examples could include reading, hunting, and working crossword puzzles. Much of this research has suggested that tangible rewards have a detrimental effect on intrinsic motivation that results in a decrease in such behavior. Conversely, this same research suggests that intangible rewards, such as verbal praise, have a beneficial effect. Nevertheless, these differential effects have been widely criticized and a not …

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Fa’Asamoa And Western Institutions: A Comparative Study Between American Samoa And (Western) Samoa, Henrietta P. Emerson, Dr. Ray C. Christensen Jan 2014

Fa’Asamoa And Western Institutions: A Comparative Study Between American Samoa And (Western) Samoa, Henrietta P. Emerson, Dr. Ray C. Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In most literature on the political systems of American Samoa and (Western) Samoa, the two countries are rarely grouped in the same study despite their shared cultural identity. An unincorporated territory of the United States, American Samoa tends to be classified with other U.S. territories which include Guam, the Northern Marianas, and the Virgin Islands (Cook 1995; Van Cleve 1993). Meanwhile, Samoa, an independent state since 1962, is more commonly compared to other independent Pacific island states (Lawson 1996; White and Linstrom 1997). While different colonial experiences clearly point out the reason for this separation, the inherent pervasiveness of Samoan …

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Digitally Recorded Japanese Speech Audiometry Materials, Patience A. Mastny, Dr. Richard W. Harris Jan 2014

Digitally Recorded Japanese Speech Audiometry Materials, Patience A. Mastny, Dr. Richard W. Harris

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Speech audiometry is essential to audiologists in answering questions regarding a patient’s degree of hearing loss for speech; the levels of comfortable and uncomfortable loudness; the range of comfortable loudness; and, their ability to identify accurately the sounds of speech at suprathreshold levels. Speech audiometry is also used to confirm pure tone test results, to measure the threshold for speech, and to determine amplification benefits.

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The Effect Of Variable Intra-Stimulus Interval On The Auditory P50 Gating Response, Mandi A. Kimball, Dr. David L. Mcpherson Jan 2014

The Effect Of Variable Intra-Stimulus Interval On The Auditory P50 Gating Response, Mandi A. Kimball, Dr. David L. Mcpherson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

When a person is presented with a tone pip or a click, his or her brain waves, in response to the auditory stimulus can be measured. This response is called the auditory evoked potential (AEP). AEPs can be classified as short-, middle-, or long-latency depending on how long after the stimulus they occur. The P50 wave lies in the middle latency series and occurs approximately 50 ms after the stimulus is presented. Gating is a phenomenon that occurs in the thalamus portion of the brain when identical target stimuli are presented in pairs. The amplitude the P50 wave of the …

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The Role Of Religion In Post-Soviet Russia, Jennifer Christenson, Richard H. Jackson Jan 2014

The Role Of Religion In Post-Soviet Russia, Jennifer Christenson, Richard H. Jackson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My research during the last year can be divided into four general categories: the history and state of the Russian Orthodox Church today; the current geography, or spatial distributions, of religions in Russia; non-traditional religions in Russia; and finally, Russia’s 1997 religion bill On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations. I chose these particular areas of focus because they will assist me in making final conclusions about the role of religion in post-Soviet Russia as I study and live in Russia during the Fall 1998 Semester. This paper will summarize my findings in each area and then explain what I …

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The Initial Research For The Effects Of Suppression On The Acoustic Reflex And Otoacoustic Emissions, Jannica Dale, Dr. Wendy Hanks Jan 2014

The Initial Research For The Effects Of Suppression On The Acoustic Reflex And Otoacoustic Emissions, Jannica Dale, Dr. Wendy Hanks

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Under the supervision of two of my professors and a graduate student, I participated in research investigating whether or not contralateral suppression affects the hearing system and what any effects may be. We focused on two specific aspects of the hearing system, the acoustic reflex and otoacoustic emissions. Unfortunately, our research could not be completed within the semester time frame and my participation ended just before our first formal 10 subject pilot. We ran into several difficulties with our equipment and our initial procedure, but our failures have prepared the way for a more accurate and valid study. We used …

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Stylized Facts Of The Option Market, Karl N. Snow, Dr. Karl Diether Jan 2014

Stylized Facts Of The Option Market, Karl N. Snow, Dr. Karl Diether

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Introduction Exchanged-based option trading began on the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) in 1973. The American Stock Exchange (AMEX) and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange started trading exchange-based options in 1975, and the Pacific Stock Exchange (PSE) and the Midwest Stock Exchange (MSE) in 1976. Exchanged-based option trading has experienced tremendous growth in both the number of options trading and the total trading volume. By 1997 there was over 2,000 underlying stocks with exchange-traded options. In 1980 the number was below 300. In 1996 the trading volume was close to 200 million contracts. This is double the volume of 1980 1. …

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Project Vision: Youth Mentor Program, Brian Barber, Dr. Shawn Fletcher Dorius Jan 2014

Project Vision: Youth Mentor Program, Brian Barber, Dr. Shawn Fletcher Dorius

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With an estimated one quarter of America’s youth between the ages of 10 and 17 exhibiting signs of high risk or dysfunctional behaviors, organizations aimed at intervention and positive socialization have flourished over the past decade. Research has shown that within these organizations a social environment approach such as the establishment of peer groups, role modeling, and pro-social behavior rehearsal are effective means of fostering lasting behavioral and attitudinal changes among troubled teens. Applying similar mentoring techniques within our own community, the needs of Provo’s at risk youth are being legitimized at Project Vision.

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Parental Authoritativeness, Social Support And College Adjustment, Sarah Cusworth, Kelly Mccoy Jan 2014

Parental Authoritativeness, Social Support And College Adjustment, Sarah Cusworth, Kelly Mccoy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

College Adjustment A factor analysis (principal component analysis, Varimax rotation method) of the 28 college adjustment questions yielded eight factors. Five of these factors closely related to the five subsections in the adjustment measure. Because the questions hung together in the analysis it was assumed that the questionnaire was a good measure of the variables we were studying. The five subsections included peer relations, faculty relations, perception of faculty concern, academic/intellectual development, and institutional/goal commitments. The factor analysis provided some interesting insights to some interrcorrelations between scales.

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Reliability Of The Rhyme Sort Measure, An Early Literacy Assessment Tool, Janet Crapo, Dr. Barbara Culatta Jan 2014

Reliability Of The Rhyme Sort Measure, An Early Literacy Assessment Tool, Janet Crapo, Dr. Barbara Culatta

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Early literacy skills in children have become an area of national interest due to the implications in later-developing literacy and academics. These early literacy skills are closely connected with the concept of phonemic awareness, or “the knowledge of meaningful sounds, or phonemes, in our language and how these blend together to form syllables, words, phrases, and sentences” (Robertson & Salter, 1997). Phonemic awareness skills include rhyming, alliteration, phoneme isolation, sound blending, syllable identification, sound segmentation, and invented spellings, all of which play vital roles in learning to read and spell (Adams, 1990). Experts have demonstrated that poor rhyming skills in …

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Adolescent Drug Use And Non-Use In Utah, Dr. Stephen Bahr, Cassandra J. Dorius Jan 2014

Adolescent Drug Use And Non-Use In Utah, Dr. Stephen Bahr, Cassandra J. Dorius

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My research objective was to obtain valid estimates of adolescent drug use in the state of Utah, including an estimate of change over the past thirteen years and a comparison with adolescent drug use across the United States.

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Task-Centered Conversation Systems For Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Aric Bills, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Jan 2014

Task-Centered Conversation Systems For Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Aric Bills, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Many language educators have envisioned computer systems capable of providing language learners with intelligent spoken interaction in the target language. Although we can’t expect to see a fully conversant computer for years to come, there are several resources available which can be used to make scaled-down, domain-restricted, speech-driven conversational computer systems from which language learners can benefit. Many of these resources are free for academic use and can be used on a personal computer. My project explores new ways to combine these resources to create useful task-centered conversational systems.

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Within The Bonds Of Marriage: Gender And Aids, Kimberley Carter Campbell, Dr. Renata Forste Jan 2014

Within The Bonds Of Marriage: Gender And Aids, Kimberley Carter Campbell, Dr. Renata Forste

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Past research on AIDS, has focused generally on high risk groups; such as homosexual men and intravenous drug users. In many of these studies the cultural and contextual facts concerning sexual interaction have been ignored (1). Few studies of AIDS have focused on heterosexual men and women and married couples. A recent announcement by the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding the rise in the number of heterosexual AIDS cases, suggests a need for more research in this area. The CDC reported that as of 1993, 24% of bisexual men who died from AIDS were married. There is …

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The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming Jan 2014

The Influence Of Migraine Pain And Analgesic Effects Of Pharmaceuticals In Visual Field Serial To Parallel Processing, Based Upon The P300 Event Related Potential And Reaction Time., Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The p300 event related potential is a particular wave of the measured electrical activity of the brain. This wave may be evoked by a visual stimulus presented to the subject and occurs approximately 300 msec. following presentation of the stimulus. In previous studies, it has been suggested that a processing continuum exists between serial and parallel processing at opposite ends of the continuum. Serial processing, which involves attending to only one object, is generally associated with a slower reaction time, while parallel processing, which attends to two objects, is usually accompanied by a quicker response. Depending on various characteristics of …

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Math Proficiency Aiding Underprivileged Youth, Shawna Raydene Cluff, Dr. Mikaela Dufur Jan 2014

Math Proficiency Aiding Underprivileged Youth, Shawna Raydene Cluff, Dr. Mikaela Dufur

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Jaime Escalante received considerable recognition for an extensive calculus program that he initiated at Garfield High School in East Los Angeles. In the 1970’s, Escalante began actively recruiting otherwise-ordinary students to the college mathematics track. He said, “By showing them that there is an upward route to well-paid fulfilling careers through higher education, I immerse them in the concept that they, too, can succeed…” (Escalante and Dirmann 1990:411). The movie, Stand and Deliver, chronicles his success with this program.

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Developing A Theory Of Transnational Actor Salience, Christopher O'Keefe, Dr. Daniel Nielson Jan 2014

Developing A Theory Of Transnational Actor Salience, Christopher O'Keefe, Dr. Daniel Nielson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My study focused on exploring the conditions under which non-state actors (NSAs) play important roles in international relations (IR). This field is known as transnational relations, the study of interactions between non-governmental organizations or individuals that influence world affairs as they act across national borders and states or other transnational actors (TNAs). Counted among these actors are multinational corporations (MNCs), international activist groups, terrorist organizations and drug cartels. Although two of the three central schools of international relations theory agree that states are the primary actors in IR (Baldwin 1993, 9), these organizations obviously play important roles in international politics. …

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The Effects Of Abstinence, Nicotine Consumption, And Type Of Cigarette On Desire To Smoke, Craig Shepherd, Dr. Harold Miller Jan 2014

The Effects Of Abstinence, Nicotine Consumption, And Type Of Cigarette On Desire To Smoke, Craig Shepherd, Dr. Harold Miller

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) assesses one’s desire to smoke based on the combination of positive and negative reinforcers. Because of its high psychometric properties— when compared with other tests of a similar nature—and its ability to count for unique variance in individual’s desires to smoke, this form has become increasingly popular in recent years.1

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Effects Of Migraine On Visual Processing, Jennifer Penn, Dr. Donavon Fleming Jan 2014

Effects Of Migraine On Visual Processing, Jennifer Penn, Dr. Donavon Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Migraines are one of the most prevalent and debilitating headaches in America. They affect 28 million people in this country, nearly 13% of the U.S. population (National Headache Foundation). Migraines are a unique headache syndrome characterized by an excruciating pulsating pain associated with nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and sensitivity to sound. In some migraine patients, and ‘aura’ may begin or accompany a migraine. Migraines, and aura, have been most frequently accompanied with visual disturbances that range from zig-zag patterns, wavy lines, to spots or stars seen in the central portion of the visual field (Wray, Mijovic-Prelec, and Kosslyn, 1995). …

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Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming Jan 2014

Assessment Of Cingulate Gyrus Integrity In Patients With Alzheimer’S Disease, Benjamin C. Ringger, Dr. Donovan Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurogenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, language impairments, impaired visuospatial skills, poor judgment, and mood changes. The pathophysiology of AD is typified by a loss of cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain, development of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex, neurofibrillary tangles that start in the temporal lobe and progress to other cortical regions, and generalized cerebral atrophy (Kolb & Whishaw, 2001). Increased atrophy is associated with increased severity of dementia (Fox, Scahill, Crum, & Rossor, 1999; O’Brien et al., 2001). The neuropathology and associated atrophy in AD progresses systematically, starting in the …

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Psychological, Political, And Economic Factors Resulting In Romania’S Tragic Alliances During The Second World War, Matthew J. Thorne, Dr. Valerie Hudson Jan 2014

Psychological, Political, And Economic Factors Resulting In Romania’S Tragic Alliances During The Second World War, Matthew J. Thorne, Dr. Valerie Hudson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

If the purpose of science is to better understand our world, eliminate suffering, and generally make it a more inhabitable place, then lessons on how to avoid war, entangling alliances, and unwanted political ideologies may make Political Science the most important of all the sub sciences. Political Science is difficult because it presents limited possibilities for empirical testing and proofs; political scientists are left to do case studies instead of regressions, and psychological profiles instead of experiments. The importance of such work though can be easily seen when looking at the tragic tears of war, conquest, and subjugation in histories …

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Base Crimes And Voting Patterns In Okinawa: Are There Any Links?, Ryan M. Scoville, Dr. Ray Christensen Jan 2014

Base Crimes And Voting Patterns In Okinawa: Are There Any Links?, Ryan M. Scoville, Dr. Ray Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past few decades, U.S. soldiers stationed on the Japanese island of Okinawa have committed a large number of violent crimes against the native population. Even a terse glance at the news should reveal that these crimes—including rape and murder—do not go unnoticed by the Okinawan people. Protesters decried the frequency of base-related crimes at the 2000 G-8 Summit in Okinawa, and activists today continue to voice their outrage whenever an American serviceperson breaks local law. Noticing this opposition, I set out to determine whether or not Okinawan citizens take their outrage to the polls. Specifically, I wanted to …

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