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Articles 3571 - 3600 of 8231
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Chinese International Students Attending American Universities: How Can We Help You? A Qualitative Study On Chinese International Students' Acculturation Experiences, Zhen Li
Theses and Dissertations
Given the increasing number of Chinese international students attending American universities, an important study would be to consider problems arising during these students' initial transition period, as they acculturate into the American culture and educational system. Taking this information into account, university counseling centers, campus services, and those who interact with and support these students would be better able to assist in easing the initial and ongoing stress of living in a foreign country and adapting to a new way of life. Thirteen Chinese international students participated in qualitative interviews conducted in Mandarin Chinese, each participant's native language. Each participant …
The Gratification Niches Of Traditional And Digital Radio, Don G. Shelline
The Gratification Niches Of Traditional And Digital Radio, Don G. Shelline
Theses and Dissertations
We live in an age where science fiction is quickly becoming science fact. Dick Tracy's 2-way wrist TVs are Apple Watches. Automated smart homes are plentiful. Cars are now able to drive themselves. And in those cars, riders no longer need to depend on a deejay to choose their music for them; these listeners build their own radio stations, on the spot, out of any music and conversation they want to hear, all at the touch of a button that is fully connected to Wi-Fi, the internet, and unlimited cell data plans.This research will examine digital radio's impact upon traditional …
Parenting Self-Efficacy In Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Larene K. Smart
Parenting Self-Efficacy In Parents Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Larene K. Smart
Theses and Dissertations
Parenting self-efficacy is one factor identified as relevant to parent distress and child therapy outcomes. Theories for parenting self-efficacy suggest parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be at risk for lower parenting self-efficacy than other parents. Parents who have low parenting self-efficacy may then have higher risk for poor treatment outcomes. Previous researchers found inconsistent results related to parenting self-efficacy rates for parents of children with ASD. They suggested the results were due to sample sizes, measurement insensitivitiy, comparison groups, and the limited range of children's ages (Fields, 2006; Meirsschaut, Roeyers, and Warreyn, 2010; Palafox, 2004; and …
Looking At The Marital Horizons Of Emerging Adults Through The Lens Of Identity Formation, Dallin Alexander Belt
Looking At The Marital Horizons Of Emerging Adults Through The Lens Of Identity Formation, Dallin Alexander Belt
Theses and Dissertations
Seventy years ago Erikson proposed successful identity formation in adolescence was the foundation for successful intimacy formation in young adulthood. With the extended period of identity exploration in emerging adulthood, it is unclear if intimacy formation continues to be connected to identity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between identity in three domains of love, work, and worldview with long term views of intimacy using Marital Horizons Theory. Results from a sample of 777 college students in the Project READY dataset indicated that identity formation in love is positively associated with views of marriage, identity formation …
Resilience And Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls In Residential Treatment: An Evaluation Of Strong Teens, Luke Andrew Marvin
Resilience And Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescent Girls In Residential Treatment: An Evaluation Of Strong Teens, Luke Andrew Marvin
Theses and Dissertations
Strong Teens is an evidence-based social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum designed to target internalizing disorders by promoting emotional resilience and social competence. In this study, Strong Teens was implemented among 36 adolescent girls during group therapy in a residential treatment center (RTC). A non-equivalent, quasi-experimental wait-list control group design was used. The curriculum was evaluated by tracking the girls' social and emotional knowledge, internalizing symptoms, and resilience from the perspectives of the girls, group therapists, and a supervisor who was blind to the study. Although the results indicated that exposure to Strong Teens was not effective in increasing the …
More Than Constraints: How Low Socio-Economic Parents Make Judgments Concerning Their Children's Schooling, Michelle Heather Lucier
More Than Constraints: How Low Socio-Economic Parents Make Judgments Concerning Their Children's Schooling, Michelle Heather Lucier
Theses and Dissertations
As school choice opportunities have become more prevalent and information about schools more readily available, there is still a lack of understanding of how parents use information to evaluate schools. The discussion around school judgment-making predominately focuses on whether parents know about school choice and the constraints parents face which limit choice, but I investigate, using 91 interviews of parents living in a low socio-economic community, how parents make judgments and evaluate schools past the discussion of what schools are available to parents and the constraints those parents face. The results of this study are that parents use heuristics—specifically familiarity, …
Benefits Of Peer Tutoring Students With Disabilities In A Secondary School Setting, Kristi Louise Johnson
Benefits Of Peer Tutoring Students With Disabilities In A Secondary School Setting, Kristi Louise Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits peer tutoring provides to the tutee. However, studies measuring the benefits peer tutoring provides to the tutor are limited in quantity, detail, participant numbers and breadth. This study measured the benefits 151 peer tutors reported after peer tutoring for a semester in a special education class for students with severe disabilities. Peer tutors reported benefits in an essay response to the prompt: "What do you feel you have gained as a result of being a peer tutor?" The study identified the most common benefits obtained by peer tutors as measured by peer tutor generated …
Who Is Helpful?: Examining The Relationship Between Personality Factors And Supportive Responses And Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence Victims, Christina Elisabeth Riley
Who Is Helpful?: Examining The Relationship Between Personality Factors And Supportive Responses And Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence Victims, Christina Elisabeth Riley
Theses and Dissertations
Domestic violence perpetrated by men against women persists as a major human rights issue in the United States and around the world with some estimates showing that one in four women will be victimized in their lifetimes. Victims face many obstacles when they try to leave their abusive partners. A major barrier faced by victims is secondary victimization. Secondary victimization is the process in which informal (e.g., family, friends, etc.) and formal (e.g., police officer, judges, etc.) supporters re-victimize the victim by questioning the validity of the abuse, excusing the perpetrator, and blaming the victim. Because most victims seek help …
Using Disability Awareness Instruction To Promote Peer Acceptance And Positive Attitudes Toward Students With Disabilities, Margot Caroline Gardiner
Using Disability Awareness Instruction To Promote Peer Acceptance And Positive Attitudes Toward Students With Disabilities, Margot Caroline Gardiner
Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative study examines the experiences and attitudes of elementary school students regarding individuals with disabilities, following five weeks of disability awareness instruction. It also evaluates the social validity of disability awareness instruction as an intervention tool based on student perceptions, and compares the use of a didactic teaching approach with one that also incorporates the use of bibliotherapy techniques. The current study is part of a larger study using a pre-test, post-test experimental group design (Teerlink, 2012). Participants included 322 elementary school students. Each class of first through sixth grade students was randomly assigned to one of three conditions: …
Evaluating The Effects Of Strong Teens On High School Student Levels Of Internalizing Symptoms And Resilience, Austin J. Millet
Evaluating The Effects Of Strong Teens On High School Student Levels Of Internalizing Symptoms And Resilience, Austin J. Millet
Theses and Dissertations
Many adults suffering from mental health problems often report that the onset of these concerns began in adolescence, highlighting the importance of identifying and treating mental health concerns from an early age. In high schools, some students are identified as having externalizing or internalizing disorders. The majority of these students, especially those with internalizing symptoms, go untreated. One potential reason may be that limited school resources are used to correct behavior problems, leaving those with internalizing disorders to silently suffer, which often exacerbates the issues. Recent research suggests many individuals have high levels of resilience which can be taught, and …
An Assessment Of The Effects Of Spiritual And Relational Teaching On Student Learning, Matthew Alan Hiatt
An Assessment Of The Effects Of Spiritual And Relational Teaching On Student Learning, Matthew Alan Hiatt
Theses and Dissertations
Research suggests that students are more interested than faculty in addressing spirituality in the classroom. This study tested the extent to which professors could meet student demand for greater attention to spirituality in their classes without sacrificing rigor and student learning. Previous research done at Brigham Young University (BYU) identified three areas of focus that are important to implementing spirituality into the classroom: 1) Professor Self-Disclosure, 2) Intellectual Connections, and 3) Interpersonal Connections. Research on the integration of faith and learning also supports these focus areas. Two BYU professors from different colleges were recruited for participation in this study. After …
A Qualitative Study Of Women’S Attitudes And Experiences Regarding Body Image And Disordered Eating Behaviors, Natalie Ann Kirtley
A Qualitative Study Of Women’S Attitudes And Experiences Regarding Body Image And Disordered Eating Behaviors, Natalie Ann Kirtley
Theses and Dissertations
The current research study is responding to recent findings wherein, Fischer et al. (2013) report a risk rate based on EAT-26 scores in the range of 9.2% to 10.8% at BYU in comparison to the 15% they found reported in the literature using samples from other college campuses. Risk rates based on BSQ scores were reported in the 27.2% to 31.1% range, which was on par with a risk rate of 28.7% reported at a comparable university (Fischer et al., 2013). Fischer et al. (2013) conclude that while body shape concerns were estimated to be equal to or lower than …
Lexical Trends In Young Adult Literature: A Corpus-Based Approach, Kyra Mckinzie Nelson
Lexical Trends In Young Adult Literature: A Corpus-Based Approach, Kyra Mckinzie Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
Young Adult (YA) literature is widely read and published, yet few linguistic studies have researched it. With an increasing push to include YA texts in the classroom, it becomes necessary to thoroughly research the linguistic nature of the register. A 1-million-word corpus of YA fiction and non-fiction texts was created. Children's and adult fiction corpora were taken from a subset of the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) database. The study noted differences in use of modals and pronouns among children's, YA, and adult registers. Previous research has suggested that children's literature focus more on spatial relations, while adult literature …
The Workings Of Admiration And Adoration In Contrast To Self-Interest Within Religious Families, Toshi Shichida
The Workings Of Admiration And Adoration In Contrast To Self-Interest Within Religious Families, Toshi Shichida
Theses and Dissertations
The workings of admiration and adoration within individuals and the family as attitudes against self-interest were investigated. Interviews with American families in two New England states from ten Christian denominations (n = 20) were analyzed qualitatively. As a result, admiration was observed among almost all the families. Three means-end structures emerged in regard to spouses' configuration of the components of adoration, and these three groups of families indicated different features of family. The spouses of the Holistic Devotion (HD) group devoted all resources to God, rejecting the quest for self-interest, defining marriage/family as a coherent unit to serve God. The …
Towards Dimensionality In Psychosis: A Conceptual Analysis Of The Dimensions Of Psychosis Symptom Severity, Jessica Abigail Carmona
Towards Dimensionality In Psychosis: A Conceptual Analysis Of The Dimensions Of Psychosis Symptom Severity, Jessica Abigail Carmona
Theses and Dissertations
Given the heterogeneity of symptoms allowed in the diagnosis of psychotic disorders, as well as other challenges of categorical diagnosis (e.g., First et al., 2002; Krueger, 1999), the increased specificity brought by dimensional ratings of underlying features is often important. Models using the factorial structure of psychotic symptoms perform as good as or better than traditional categorical models (Allardyce, Suppes, & Van Os, 2007). DSM-5 has provided such a system of ratings to aid clinicians, the Clinician Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity Scale (PSS; APA, 2013). In this approach, the clinician rates symptom severity in eight domains which emphasize …
Association Between Polymorphisms Associated With Major Depression, Cognitive Function, And Stress Regulation And Telomere Length In Older Community-Dwelling Adults And In Older Competitive Athletes, Cynthia Elizabeth Perry
Association Between Polymorphisms Associated With Major Depression, Cognitive Function, And Stress Regulation And Telomere Length In Older Community-Dwelling Adults And In Older Competitive Athletes, Cynthia Elizabeth Perry
Theses and Dissertations
Many factors detrimental to healthy aging have been proposed including depression, stress, cognitive decline, and telomere shortening. Of specific interest are the genetic factors that may contribute to these factors and subsequently lead to accelerated telomere shortening and aging, namely the Bcl1, 5-HT, DRD2, and ApoE polymorphisms. We sought to: 1) further clarify the role of depression, stress tolerance, and cognitive decline in aging by examining the effect of associated polymorphisms (Bcl1, 5-HT, DRD2, and ApoE) on telomere length in two samples of older adults and 2) determine the difference in absolute telomere length between the two groups. We examined …
Sleep In The Context Of Healthy Aging And Psychiatric Syndromes, Daniel Kay, Joseph M. Dzierzewski
Sleep In The Context Of Healthy Aging And Psychiatric Syndromes, Daniel Kay, Joseph M. Dzierzewski
Faculty Publications
Humans spend approximately 1/3 of their lives asleep. Whether due to evolutionary or ontogenetic factors, sleep and psychiatric disorders change with age. While much of sleep remains an enigma, the field of sleep research is experiencing an exponential increase in its understanding of the causes, correlates, and consequences of sleep disturbances. Although the relationship between age-related sleep and psychiatric conditions is a common clinical observation, empirical investigations into these associations remain scarce. Thus, treating patients with symptoms of sleep disorders in the context of psychiatric conditions remains a major challenge. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-science of sleep disorders in the …
Health And Psychosocial Outcomes Of A Telephonic Couples Behavior Change Intervention In Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Paula M. Trief, Lawrence Fisher, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Donald A. Cibula, Jacqueline Dimmock, Danielle M. Hessler, Patricia Forken, Ruth S. Weinstock
Health And Psychosocial Outcomes Of A Telephonic Couples Behavior Change Intervention In Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Paula M. Trief, Lawrence Fisher, Jonathan G. Sandberg, Donald A. Cibula, Jacqueline Dimmock, Danielle M. Hessler, Patricia Forken, Ruth S. Weinstock
Faculty Publications
To compare glycemic control and secondary outcomes of a 4-month telephonic couples behavioral intervention to individual intervention, and to education, for adults with type 2 diabetes.
Does Parental Mediation Of Media Influence Child Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis On Media Time, Aggression, Substance Use, And Sexual Behavior, Kevin M. Collier, Sarah M. Coyne, Eric E. Rasmussen, Alan J. Hawkins, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sage E. Erickson, Madison K. Memmott-Elison
Does Parental Mediation Of Media Influence Child Outcomes? A Meta-Analysis On Media Time, Aggression, Substance Use, And Sexual Behavior, Kevin M. Collier, Sarah M. Coyne, Eric E. Rasmussen, Alan J. Hawkins, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Sage E. Erickson, Madison K. Memmott-Elison
Faculty Publications
The current study examined how parental mediation of media (restrictive mediation, active mediation, and coviewing) influenced child outcomes. Three meta-analyses, 1 for each type of mediation, were conducted on a total of 57 studies. Each analysis assessed the effectiveness of parental mediation on 4 pertinent child outcomes: media use, aggression, substance use, and sexual behavior. The overall results indicated small, but significant relationships between child outcomes and restrictive mediation (r+ = -.06), and coviewing (r+ = .09). Overall active mediation was nonsignificant, though active mediation was individually related to lower levels of aggression (r + = -.08), sexual …
The Effects Of Family Structure Stability And Transitions On Young Children’S Sleep: Evidence From The Millennium Cohort Study, Shanea Foster, Mikaela Dufur
The Effects Of Family Structure Stability And Transitions On Young Children’S Sleep: Evidence From The Millennium Cohort Study, Shanea Foster, Mikaela Dufur
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Over the years, family structure has become a topic of great interest in the social science community, particularly as it pertains to family structure type (i.e. biological parents, cohabiting, stepparents, etc.) (Dufur et al., 2010). More recently, family stability has come under scrutiny. Family structure has the potential to change over time, whether it be experiencing a disruption (going from married parents to single) or reconstitution (going from single parent to married or having a partner). We find interest in family structure changes over time as it pertains to its potential effects on their children’s sleeping behavior (Wong, Brower & …
What Matters More In Shaping Individuals’ Opinions On Foreign Aids: Facts Or Attractiveness?, Daehyeon Kim, Darren Hawkins
What Matters More In Shaping Individuals’ Opinions On Foreign Aids: Facts Or Attractiveness?, Daehyeon Kim, Darren Hawkins
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to Diven and Constantelos’s research, less than 50 percent of Americans support bilateral foreign aid (2012). This is striking, considering the fact that Europeans from countries which have comparable economic prosperity to the United States—such as Finland, Denmark, France, Netherlands, and Sweden—support bilateral foreign aid at an average of about 80 percent (Diven & Constantelos 2012). As a result, there has been abundant research into foreign aid, demonstrating how it benefits the interests of the United States, its effectiveness in achieving various aims, and the need for foreign aid in recipient countries. Without a doubt, such findings are persuasive …
My Father’S Name: A Study Of Patronymic Naming In Mozambique, Preston Christensen, Cynthia Hallen
My Father’S Name: A Study Of Patronymic Naming In Mozambique, Preston Christensen, Cynthia Hallen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Patronymic naming is very common in parts of Mozambique but there has possibly been no formal documentation of this practice prior to this study. Patronymic naming involves the passing of the father’s name to the children and is not to be confused with patronymic surnames. The research was conducted in the City of Quelimane, Mozambique and consisted of two parts, quantitative and qualitative.
Positive Psychology Holistic Determinants, Testosterone Treatment, And Veteran Happiness, Jaemson Brau, Larry Nelson
Positive Psychology Holistic Determinants, Testosterone Treatment, And Veteran Happiness, Jaemson Brau, Larry Nelson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In this study I design a survey instrument and construct a data panel from the responses of a sample of US veterans. As part of the survey, I estimate the level of happiness each veteran exhibits using the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The Oxford scale consists of 29 questions and uses a Likert scale that ranges from a low of one to a high of six. The average is typically around 4.3 (Hills and Argyle, 2002). The average happiness score for my sample of 76 veterans is 3.73. After measuring the happiness level, I ask 30 additional questions driven by the …
Alcohol And Nicotine Co-Dependence, Taylor Woodward, Scott Steffensen
Alcohol And Nicotine Co-Dependence, Taylor Woodward, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Addiction is a diabolical neurochemical trap that robs people of their agency and catastrophically affects virtually every aspect of an addict’s life. Alcohol is one of the most statistically widespread and harmful addictive substances in our society (Nutt, King et al. 2010). Through physiological means, it destroys an addict’s dignity, disrupts the ability to maintain healthy relationships, and often results in premature death of the addict and those around him or her. M. Russell Ballard recently spoke about the spiritual implications of the pleasure center of the brain, stating that “when activated by certain drugs or behaviors, it overpowers the …
The Efficacy Of Neurofeedback Training In Enhancing High-Order Processing In Addicts, Ian Armstrong, Scott C. Steffensen
The Efficacy Of Neurofeedback Training In Enhancing High-Order Processing In Addicts, Ian Armstrong, Scott C. Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Biofeedback is a process by which a person learns to control physiological functions of their body that they would otherwise not be conscously aware of. This is accomplished by relaying real-time information back to the user in the form of data or a game. The user then modifies their physiological activity in order to achieve set goals through a process of operant conditioning. Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that utilizes EEG monitoring to collect a person’s electrical brainwave activity and display it back to them. In this experiment, the method in which that feedback is displayed to the subject …
Identification Of Location And Timing Of Ros Production In Response To Meth Exposure, Andrew Lamprecht, Scott Steffensen
Identification Of Location And Timing Of Ros Production In Response To Meth Exposure, Andrew Lamprecht, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Methamphetamine is an extremely addictive drug that acts on the pleasure center of the brain. It causes an increase in the release of dopamine (DA) into the synaptic cleft. This rapid release of DA causes the “rush” felt by drug users. It also causes severe malfunctions in the brain such as anxiety, mood disorders, increased violence, reduced motor skills, impaired verbal learning, and psychosis. Among other things, the cause for these harmful effects could be related to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and their resulting oxidative damage. Oxidative damage has been suggested to constitute early signaling events in programmed cell death, …
Measuring Metamphetamine’S Effects On Dopamine Production During Exposure To Glutathione, Eli Schriever, Scott Steffensen
Measuring Metamphetamine’S Effects On Dopamine Production During Exposure To Glutathione, Eli Schriever, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
One of the primary focuses of much addiction research involves finding methods to alleviate methamphetamine (METH) addiction. METH is one of the most widely used illicit drugs in the United States. Estimates by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Statistics are that 5.5% of all adults ages 26 and above have at tried METH at least one time. Given its high addictive potential, the chance for entering damaging addiction cycles among these individuals is very high, and can have great societal and economic consequences in addition to physical and mental problems on the individual level. While the need for better …
Gene X Environment Interactions In Rhesus Macaques: A Test Of The Orchid-¬‐Dandelion Hypothesis, S. Andrew Aston, J. Dee Higley
Gene X Environment Interactions In Rhesus Macaques: A Test Of The Orchid-¬‐Dandelion Hypothesis, S. Andrew Aston, J. Dee Higley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Aston, S. Andrew Gene x Environment Interactions in Rhesus Macaques: A test of the Orchid-‐Dandelion Hypothesis Faculty Mentor: J. Dee Higley, Department of Psychology Numerous studies have shown that certain gene variants produce distinct phenotypes based on the environment in which an individual develops. Many of these so called gene-‐by-‐environment (GxE) interactions lead to an increased risk of developing psychopathology. The Orchid-‐ Dandelion Hypothesis posits that risk alleles have been conserved to the present day, suggesting that although risk alleles may prove deleterious in many environments, under the right conditions, such variants may bestow an evolutionary advantage. For my ORCA …
Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species On Chronic Methamphetamine- Induced Dopamine Transmission In The Nucleus Accumbens, Devin Bradshaw, Scott Steffensen
Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species On Chronic Methamphetamine- Induced Dopamine Transmission In The Nucleus Accumbens, Devin Bradshaw, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive substance with many negative effects on the user. These effects include detriments to physical health such as “…extreme weight loss, severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), and skin sores caused by scratching. Methamphetamine use also raises the risk of contracting infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis B and C.” (“DrugFacts: Methamphetamine”, 2014). Negative health effects like this come from long term abuse of methamphetamine due to addiction to the substance. Reducing the cause of the addictive behavior (dopamine (DA) overstimulation causing neuronal damage) can help to prevent these negative effects of METH abuse. As the effects …
Effect Of Methamphetamine On Basal And Phasic Dopamine Release In The Striatum, Krisana Finlay, Scott Steffensen
Effect Of Methamphetamine On Basal And Phasic Dopamine Release In The Striatum, Krisana Finlay, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the action mechanism of the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) on basal and phasic dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens. We investigated METH and its method of action. This was done to better understand the detailed mechanism behind METH and to provide better addiction-solving tools. Previous METH research provided a great starting point, showing a reduction in DA transmission and tyrosine hydroxylase, and increased DA axon and terminal damage, apoptosis (cell death) and axon degeneration.