Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Exploring The Connections And Tensions Between Sacrifice And Self-Care As Relational Processes In Religious Families, Hilary Dalton

Theses and Dissertations

The relational processes of sacrifice and self-care both influence every human relationship and as such, every human has to learn how to engage in them. Families are one of the many communities in which one must address sacrifice and self-care. This study provides a qualitative exploration of the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care among a sample of 198 highly religious (Abrahamic faiths) families. In-depth analyses explored motivations, types, and related family processes among family relationships. Five themes from the data about how families perceived and addressed the relational processes of sacrifice and self-care are discussed: (1) tensions between sacrifice …

Developmental Idealism And Declines In Support For Female Genital Cutting In Egypt From 2005 To 2014, Hilary Barker

Theses and Dissertations

In Egypt, female genital cutting (FGC) is illegal and declining in prevalence; however, the majority of women continue to support the practice. Using data from the 2005 and 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys, I examine changes in attitude toward FGC to explain social change through the framework of developmental idealism (Thornton 2015). Models are estimated using logistic regression to test if support for discontinuation of FGC is greater among women who have adopted progressive values or among women who are more traditional. Findings indicate that women who were Christian, rural, married younger, and that underwent FGC became supportive of …

Tweeting For A Cause: A Content Analysis Of Successful Charitable Nonprofits' Publishing Strategies On Twitter, Shaela Annice Hougaard

Theses and Dissertations

A study examining the content strategies within Twitter posts, from nine charitable nonprofit organizations was conducted. The content analysis was conducted to identify content strategies (relationship cultivation, solicitation, and stewardship) behind each Twitter post from these nine organizations, within a one-week period. The study also looked at levels of engagement on each tweet as well as interactivity from the organization. The results showed that these nine charitable nonprofit organizations were primarily using stewardship strategies and techniques in their posts. The study also found that relationship cultivation yielded higher levels of retweets and that the relationship cultivation and solicitation combination strategy …

Partner Responsiveness Mediates The Relationship Between Virtues And Partner Movement Toward Ideal Self, Amber Rachel Cazzell

Theses and Dissertations

Extant literature suggests not only that social relationships are one context in which individuals may pursue personal strivings (Rusbult, Finkel & Kumashiro, 2009a), but also that individuals may assess their marital satisfaction based on their goal-striving successes (Li & Fung, 2011). Indeed, the degree to which partners appear to be responsive to one another's goals and ideals, termed partner responsiveness, has been linked with personal and relational well-being (Reis, Clark & Holmes, 2004; Rusbult et al., 2009a). Virtues such as commitment, trust, and compassion have been theoretically and empirically associated with upward cycles of partner responsiveness and personal and relational …

Investigating The Effects Of Rater's Second Language Learning Background And Familiarity With Test-Taker's First Language On Speaking Test Scores, Ksenia Zhao

Theses and Dissertations

Prior studies suggest that raters' familiarity with test-takers' first language (L1) can be a potential source of bias in rating speaking tests. However, there is still no consensus between researchers on how and to what extent that familiarity affects the scores. This study investigates raters' performance and focuses on not only how raters' second language (L2) proficiency level interacts with examinees' L1, but also if raters' teaching experience has any effect on the scores. Speaking samples of 58 ESL learners with L1s of Spanish (n = 30) and three Asian languages (Korean, n = 12; Chinese, n = 8; and …

Quizlet Flashcards For The First 500 Words Of The Academic Vocabulary List, Emily R. Crandell

Theses and Dissertations

The Academic Vocabulary List (AVL) was produced by a rationale for word inclusion improved from the methodology used to generate Coxhead's AWL (Gardner & Davies, 2014). It offers a comprehensive view of high frequency academic vocabulary that could greatly benefit ELLs if implemented into ELL curricula (Gardner & Davies, 2014). However, because of the newness of the list, there are few learning resources currently utilizing the AVL. The major objective of this thesis project was to create digital flashcards for the first 500 words of the AVL to increase the list's accessibility to ELLs and teachers worldwide. These flashcards were …

Rates And Predictors Of Adolescent Premature Termination: Applying Clinically Significant Change, Mariah Meaalii Bullock

Theses and Dissertations

Premature termination from child and adolescent psychotherapy is a prevalent problem for clients, their families, and mental health services. Rates of premature termination have been estimated at a range of 16-72%. Many variables have been examined as potential predictors of premature termination, yielding inconsistent conclusions. Researchers propose that part of this variability in rates and predictors is due to the inconsistent application of definitions of premature termination. The past literature identifies two main categories of definitions in this line of research: therapist judgment and number of sessions. This study aims to incorporate a relatively new definition, clinically significant change, in …

Cognitive Control Disruption And Quality Of Life In Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Isaac J. Hunt

Theses and Dissertations

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with diminished quality of life and cognitive control dysfunction. Conflict adaptation is a reflection of cognitive control, and consists of the ability to detect conflict in previous trials and adjust performance on current trials. Conflict adaptation is thought to rely on interplay between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) for detecting conflict and signaling for increases in control, respectively. We hypothesized that individuals with OCD would show reduced conflict adaptation effects in response times, error rates, ACC activation, and dlPFC activation when compared with healthy control subjects. We also expected diminished …

Livestrong Or Lie Hard: A Pentadic Analysis Of Deception And Reputation Management In 'The Armstrong Lie', Harper D. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Kenneth Burke's pentadic analysis has been a staple within the context of rhetorical criticism since the early days of critical communication studies. Throughout the years it has evolved from a heavy text criticism to application to film and documentary. The Armstrong Lie is another documentary that highlights the controversial actions of former seven-time Tour de France champion, Lance Armstrong. This film provides an opportunity in which the pentadic analysis can be applied in order to really dissect the message that is being told. Through application of the pentadic analysis to The Armstrong Lie it is possible to identify the true …

Search Strategy Development In A Flipped Library Classroom: A Student-Focused Assessment, Michael C. Goates, Gregory M. Nelson, Megan Frost

Faculty Publications

Librarians at Brigham Young University compared search statement development between traditional lecture and flipped instruction sessions. Students in lecture sessions scored significantly higher on developing search statements than those in flipped sessions. However, student evaluations show a strong preference for pedagogies that incorporate elements from both lecture and flipped methodologies. Reasons for lower flipped-session scores may include a lack of student accountability, strong preference for a live demonstration, and disconnections between online tutorial content and in-class collaborative activities. Librarians using a flipped classroom should consider ways to help students make meaningful connections between online tutorials and in-class activities.

Is Video Enjoyment Deeper For Those With Adhd?, Daisy Kristina Milman

Theses and Dissertations

To find if video enjoyment was deeper for people with ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactive disorder) than for their non-ADHD peers, subjects with ADHD, and without, had their eye movement tracked during video exposure to determine average saccade rates. I interviewed subjects using pre-tested statements to establish periods of flow state (a measure of enjoyment). Results indicate that there is a deeper sense of enjoyment for people with ADHD, as subjects with ADHD passed a greater average time in flow state during video consumption (27% compared to 21%). Furthermore, the effects of flow state on the eye movement of those with ADHD …

It's Not What You Say, It's How You Say It: The Role Of Evidence Type In Changing Violent Media Consumption, Felicia Lene Farley

Theses and Dissertations

The amount of violent media that is consumed on a daily basis by the average American and the empirically proven effects associated with such regular consumption have led scholars to consider violent media a public health threat, the risks of which, the public may not even fully appreciate (Huesmann, Dubow, & Yang, 2013). Previous research in the field of public health communication has found that different forms of evidence in public health risk messages are more or less effective in changing behavior depending on individual recipient characteristics (de Wit, Das & Vet, 2008; Reinard, 1988; Slater & Rouner, 1996). The …

Creole Genesis And Universality: Case, Word Order, And Agreement, Gerald Taylor Snow

Theses and Dissertations

The genesis of creole languages is important to the field of linguistics for at least two reasons. As newly emerging languages, creoles provide a unique window on the human language faculty and on the development of language generally (Veenstra 2008). They also offer insight into what are arguably universal linguistic structures. Two opposing theories have been in contention in the literature with respect to creole genesis: (1) that creoles owe their origin to the lexifier and substrate languages of their speech community and to other environmental influences (McWhorter 1997); and alternatively, (2) that universal innate linguistic structures or principles are …

Faculty And Eal Student Perceptions Of Writing Purposes And Challenges In The Business Major, Amy Mae Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Over the last 50 years, research has explored the writing assignment types and purposes found in undergraduate courses, including discipline-specific writing for the business major, which is one of the most popular fields of study for international students in the U.S. Many studies have explored faculty perceptions of writing challenges students exhibit when writing for business; however, few studies have compared both faculty and student perceptions of student writing challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate business faculty perceptions of the writing challenges exhibited by students for whom English is a second or additional language (EAL) compared to …

Hyperarousal And Beyond: New Insights To The Pathophysiology Of Insomnia Disorder Through Functional Neuroimaging Studies, Daniel Kay, Daniel J. Buysse

Faculty Publications

Neuroimaging studies have produced seemingly contradictory findings in regards to the pathophysiology of insomnia. Although most study results are interpreted from the perspective of a “hyperarousal” model, the aggregate findings from neuroimaging studies suggest a more complex model is needed. We provide a review of the major findings from neuroimaging studies, then discuss them in relation to a heuristic model of sleep-wake states that involves three major factors: wake drive, sleep drive, and level of conscious awareness. We propose that insomnia involves dysregulation in these factors, resulting in subtle dysregulation of sleep-wake states throughout the 24 h light/dark cycle.

Electrophysiological Endophenotypes And The Error-Related Negativity (Ern) In Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Family Study, Scott A. Baldwin, Ann Clawson, Mikle South, Michael J. Larson

Faculty Publications

We examined the error-related negativity (ERN) as an endophenotype of ASD by comparing the ERN in families of ASD probands to control families. We hypothesized that ASD probands and families would display reduced-amplitude ERN relative to controls. Participants included 148 individuals within 39 families consisting of a mother, father, sibling, and proband. Robust ANOVAs revealed non-significant differences in ERN amplitude and behavioral performance among ASD probands relative to control youth. In subsequent multiple regression analyses group and kinship (proband, sibling, mother, father) did not significantly predict ΔERN (error minus correct ERN) or behavioral performance. Results do not provide evidence for …

True Love Is Passion, Rooted In Friendship, Jason B. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Imagine you see a beautiful bouquet of roses. They are striking, taking your breath away. You draw closer, and with each fine detail of color, fragrance, and texture you become more enchanted. Not caring about the price, they become yours. Your happiness is real, but after bringing them home, you get distracted by a pile of work, dirty dishes, and Instagram alerts calling your name. Instead of trimming, watering and placing the bouquet in a vase, you leave them on the counter. By the time you remember them they are wilted, limp, and unattractive. How did your powerful infatuation sag …

The Western Name Authority File: Improving Access For Digital Collections And Archives, Jeremy Myntti, Anna Neatrour

Faculty Publications

Value of name authority control:

• Easier searching for known names
• Make searching more predictable
• Consistency of records
• Organize and collocate information
• Efficiency for metadata creators
• Easier to maintain data over time
• Less errors in data
• Differentiate similar names
• Provide context for names

How Do Men And Women Help? Validation Of A Multidimensional Measure Of Prosocial Behavior, Matthew G. Nielson, Laura Padilla-Walker, Erin K. Holmes

Faculty Publications

The current study sought to address gender differences in prosocial behavior by creating and validating a multidimensional measure of prosocial behavior that more fully captures the ways that men help others. The new measure is directed toward family, friend, and strangers, and has five factors: defending, emotional support, inclusion, physical helping, and sharing. In Study 1, CFA analyses performed on a sample of 463 emerging adults online (mean age 23.42) revealed good model fit and divergent validity for each of the five factors. Study 2 replicated the analyses on a sample of 453 urban adolescents in the Northwest (mean age …

The Lord Of The Wedding Ring: J.R.R. Tolkien’S True Love, Jason B. Whiting

Faculty Publications

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien is known worldwide for his fantastic characters and creations. His hobbits, dwarves, elves and warriors have changed the face of literature and culture. As a boy, he had unusual interests. He loved reading mythology, playing chess, drawing fierce dragons, and by age 9, young Ronald (as he was usually called) had invented several languages. Well-known is Tolkien’s prodigious geek cred, but less known is that he was a hopeless romantic.

Psychological Well-Being Among Latter-Day Saint Polynesian American Emerging Adults, Melissa Lynn Aiono

Theses and Dissertations

There is a dearth of psychological research with Polynesian populations in the United States Research on this population is needed to meet the demands of this increasingly growing population. This study aims to investigate the psychological well-being of an understudied Latter-day Saint (LDS) Polynesian American emerging adult group in order to better provide them with cultural-specific professional psychological services. The sample included 327 LDS Polynesian American emerging adults ranging from 18 to 26 years of age (191 females, 136 males). Specifically, this study examines the associations among coping strategies, religiosity, ethnic identity, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. An online questionnaire was …

Progressive Deterioration Of Thalamic Nuclei Relates To Cortical Network Decline In Schizophrenia, Derin J. Cobia, Matthew J. Smith, Ilse Salinas, Charlene Ng, Mohktar Gado, John G. Csernansky, Lei Wang

Faculty Publications

Thalamic abnormalities are considered part of the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly the involvement of specific thalamic nuclei. The goals of this study were to: introduce a novel atlas-based parcellation scheme for defining various thalamic nuclei; compare their integrity in a schizophrenia sample against healthy individuals at baseline and follow-up time points, as well as rates of change over time; examine relationships between the nuclei and abnormalities in known connected cortical regions; and finally, to determine if schizophreniarelated thalamic nuclei changes relate to cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms. Subjects were from a larger longitudinal 2-year follow-up study, schizophrenia (n=20) and …

Commentary: "How Much Is That Player In The Window? The One With The Early Birthday?" Relative Age Influences The Value Of The Best Soccer Players, But Not The Best Businesspeople, Luca Fumarco, Benjamin G. Gibbs

Faculty Publications

Fuelled by Gladwell's (2008), researchers have expanded their gaze beyond sports for evidence of the Relative Age Effect: that something as arbitrary as the month you were born in has important consequence for later life success. In line with Furley et al. (2016), we agree that any RAE outside of sports deserves closer scrutiny, but unlike Furley et al., we argue that we should not expect to find evidence of RAE for labor market outcomes in the first place, because there is not sufficient evidence of uniform age cut-offs in school.

Linking People: Collaborations Between Metadata Librarians And Programmers, Jeremy Myntti, Anna Neatrour, Liz Woolcott

Faculty Publications

More metadata, more metadata problems

• Vendor based DAMS often not offering good authority control solutions
• Libraries in Utah often consult additional regional names sources
• Hosting collections for many partners means less control over cataloging practices.
• Use LC Authorities as best we can

Organization And Structure Of Cataloging Units In Academic Libraries Research Project, Jeremy Myntti, Liz Woolcott

Faculty Publications

How are cataloging units in academic libraries navigating these changes?

Metadata Migration Managed: Fixing Metadata That Was Up To No Good, Jeremy Myntti, Anna Neatrour, Brain Mcbride, Alan Witkowski, Matt Brunsvik

Faculty Publications

• Overview of Marriott Library Digital Collections
• Utah Digital Newspapers (UDN)
• DAMS review in 2013
• CONTENTdm set-up vs Open source set-up
• Benefits of new system
• Speed and indexing improvements
• SIMP Tool for metadata management
• Metadata template customization in CDM
• Metadata issues we had to correct during migration
• UDN migration vs. digital library migration
• Future plans for metadata fixes

Rethinking Mono-Sensory, Implicational Approaches To Ideophones In Pastaza Quichua, Janis B. Nuckolls, Sydney Jensen, Emily Peterson, Matthew Millar

Faculty Publications

This paper will evaluate a claim about a possible areal bias for the semantic typolgies of ideohone systems. According to this claim, ideophone systems of the Americas are mainly dedicatied to encoding sound and motion, while for Africa and Asia, they cover a broader range of sensory imagery , including visual patterns, textures, and cognitive states. Additionally, and implicational hieracry for ideophone systems' se,amtics has been posted. We demonstrate with data from Pasta Quichua, that ideophones' semantics span the full range of senory and cognitive possibilities. Further, the mono-sensory schematization of ideophones' semantics make the implicational hierarchy problematic as presently …

Greater Memory Impairment In Dementing Females Than Males Relative To Sex Matched Healthy Controls, Shawn D. Gale, Leslie Baxter, Juliann Thompson

Faculty Publications

Previously we demonstrated sex differences in episodic memory in healthy elderly and suggested that normative data be separated by sex. The present study extended the exploration of sex differences on memory measures into two clinical populations, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Seventy-six subjects with MCI and 101 subjects with AD diagnosed by a multidisciplinary team were included. These two groups were also compared to a group of 177 healthy elderly control participants. Sex differences on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) (total and delayed recall) raw scores and Brief Visuospatial Memory TestRevised (BVMT-R) were demonstrated within …

Relational Aggression And Marital Quality: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study, Sarah M. Coyne, David A. Nelson, Jason S. Carroll, Nathan J. Smith, Chongming Yang, Hailey G. Holmgren, Chad Johnson

Faculty Publications

Relational aggression occurs in many different contexts, including in romantic relationships. The current study examined associations between two subtypes of relational aggression (love withdrawal and social sabotage) and marital quality over a 5-year time period. Participants consisted of 311 married couples who completed a number of questionnaires on relational aggression and relationship quality once a year over a 5-year period. Results revealed that relational aggression was highly stable over time and that women used more relational aggression than men. Men’s use of social sabotage and love withdrawal were bidirectionally related to both partners’ perceptions of poor marital quality over time. …

Power, Prestige, And Intimate Partner Violence, Kennan Howlett

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

Today's American women have the capability to be more independent from men than ever before. A cursory glance at U.S. society suggests that this transition to selfreliance has been relatively smooth. For example, women have consistently earned more bachelor's degrees than men since 1982 (Perry 2013, Francis 2016) and nine out of ten men claim to be comfortable with women earning more than them (Dunlop 2009). This cultural shift has empowered women to seek opportunities outside of the home and take on new roles within society. Women are accepted as confident, competent leaders who make substantial contributions to the U.S. …