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Articles 2791 - 2820 of 8231
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Front Matter 8.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
The Positive Effects Of Fathering And The Negative Effects Of A Father’S Absence In The Lives Of Children From Infancy To Early Adulthood: A Review Of The Literature
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Paternal involvement is a crucial variable in the development of a child’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. The negative effects of a father’s absence present many risk factors for children. This review of the literature seeks to combine the research surrounding the positive effects that paternal involvement yields in the lives of children, the negative effects of a father’s absence, the various variables that impede paternal involvement, and the possible interventions or replacements for fathers in the lives of children. Although many impeding factors have been identified, little research has been done to find a possible intervention. According to the research …
An Overview Of The Nature–Nurture Debate And A Proposed New Paradigm
An Overview Of The Nature–Nurture Debate And A Proposed New Paradigm
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The roots of the nature-nurture debate within psychology are briefly reviewed. Nature (that is, genetic influence) and nurture (social-environmental influence) offer two distinct perspectives on human personality and behavior. However, despite their differences, the two perspectives are philosophically identical in that both, when carried to the extreme, result in the disintegration of personal accountability and agency. The arguments for nature and for nurture imply an outward locus of control: either one’s genes or one’s history of social influences may be considered to adequately account for how a person behaves. Neither of these arguments gives an individual control over one’s course …
Self-Esteem
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Although self-esteem is a well-researched topic, there are some aspects of self-esteem that have been left out of the research. The I’ve Got Self-Esteem Questionnaire (IGSEQ), a 10-item measure, seeks to balance the existing research focusing on mother-figure support and inborn aspects of appearance by conversely evaluating self-esteem through the domains of father-figure support and controllable aspects of appearance, such as personal hygiene and grooming. Using a 4-point Likert scale, the IGSEQ was administered to a convenience sample of 101 college-age students (64 female and 37 male). The IGSEQ demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (α = .73) and had acceptable content …
Latter-Day Saint Religious Media And Perfectionsim
Latter-Day Saint Religious Media And Perfectionsim
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Links between exposure to religious media and perfectionism were investigated in 121 Latter-day Saint (LDS), Brigham Young University students. Random assignment was given to view an LDS religious video or no video, after which participants filled out a questionnaire assessing the effects of LDS media on perfectionism. The 35- item Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) scored students’ perfectionism. Our hypothesis, that viewing an LDS religious video would increase adaptive perfectionism scores and decrease maladaptive scores, was not supported. However, a post-hoc analysis showed a significant interaction effect between gender and video exposure among single participants. Unmarried males had lower perfectionism …
Notetaking And Recall Of Auditory And Visual Information: A Pilot Study
Notetaking And Recall Of Auditory And Visual Information: A Pilot Study
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Does notetaking affect performance on recall tests? Past research has generally found that notetaking improves performance, but all of these studies have focused on recall of auditory information. The current study was intended as a pilot study to examine the effect of notetaking method on both immediate and delayed recall, as well as both audio and visual recall. Eighteen undergraduate psychology students in the same psychology class at a major, private university watched a 5-minute video clip and then immediately completed a 29-question test. When tested 48 hours later, participants completed a similar 29-question test. Though no significant statistical results …
The Rise Of Single-Child Families: Psychologically Harming The Child?
The Rise Of Single-Child Families: Psychologically Harming The Child?
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The number of single-child families continues to increase yearly due to financial burdens, social contexts, and even governmental restraints (Wong, 2005). While having only one child might be easier financially (Griffin, 2002), what are the psychological costs of single-child families in relation to an only-child? This literature review explains how despite only-children typically being more creative and intellectual, many problems surface due to having no siblings. It is generally found that only-children lack social and emotional ability because of not having siblings with which to interact. Only-children also tend to experience increased parental pressure. These problems typically last throughout an …
Interview With Current Graduate Students
Interview With Current Graduate Students
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Botox Injections On Cognitive-Emotional Experience
Effects Of Botox Injections On Cognitive-Emotional Experience
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Emotional experience is a complex neurological process highly dependent on the ability to express emotion behaviorally. Facial expression, specifically, plays a critical role in interpreting others’ emotions and responding appropriately. This review examines the current literature about the impact of botox injections on emotional experience, including recognition and empathy. Results show that botox may severely limit cognitive-emotional responses to others’ emotions, especially stronger emotions such as anger. This leads to the conclusion that botox injections may inhibit emotional connections to others.
Music Therapy For Intimate Partner Abuse
Music Therapy For Intimate Partner Abuse
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Intimate partner abuse (IPA) affects as many as 1.5 million U.S. women annually. The most notable psychological effects include depression and stress. Related effects of stress include anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women with a history of IPA may experience impaired physical health as well. Treatments for these symptoms often have harmful side effects. Music therapy is an option for many victims, given its positive effects on stress and anxiety. Despite the deep connection between stress and depression, there is little published research on the effects of music therapy on depression. Thus providing an incentive for further research in …
Brainwaves And Nuerofeedback: Understanding And Treating Brain Dysregulation In Adhd
Brainwaves And Nuerofeedback: Understanding And Treating Brain Dysregulation In Adhd
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical signals which can be measured as wave-like patterns. The brain typically uses cues from the environment to regulate these brainwave patterns. Yet overly dominant or other dysfunctional patterns may produce brainwave dysregulation and accompanying behavioral problems. Brainwave dysregulation is detected through indications of abnormal brainwave ratios as measured by EEG equipment. Neurofeedback is a form of biofeedback that allows individuals to change deregulated brainwave rhythms (biofeedback is a type of alternative medicine that trains patients to regulate internal processes using operant conditioning). Neurofeedback has proven to be an effective treatment for those with …
The Promotion Of Adolescent Problem Drinking Through Social Attitudes And Pressures
The Promotion Of Adolescent Problem Drinking Through Social Attitudes And Pressures
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
About 80% of adolescents in the United States are experimenting with alcohol by age 15 (Davies, 2012). A major factor in this rate of alcohol use can be explained by adolescent’s propensity for learning from their environment (Tomilson & Brown, 2012). Unfortunately, the current social climate teenagers are experiencing could be promoting alcohol involvement (Coker & Borders, 2001). This review examines the impact of several social attitudes and pressures contributing to adolescent problem drinking. Further understanding of these factors may be valuable to parents and professionals aiming to prevent the development of problem adolescent drinking behaviors.
The Development Of A Rating Scale For Humor Sensitivity
The Development Of A Rating Scale For Humor Sensitivity
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Humor therapy has been growing in popularity in recent years and is now widely accepted as a viable method of therapy. This increase in popularity has brought the need to measure individual sensitivity to humor in order to predict whether prospective clients would be a good fit for humor therapy. The Humor Sensitivity Scale (HSS) contains 10 items specific to two domains: physical manifestations and cognitive appeal. Factor analysis of scale results identified a third factor, namely, social facilitation. Although Cronbach’s alpha ( α=.68) was significant, this was explained by the low content-validity ratio (CVR) of two of the scale …
Emotions In Conflict Resolution: A New Model Of Constructive Conflict
Emotions In Conflict Resolution: A New Model Of Constructive Conflict
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Conflict is basic to living, and emotion is fundamental to the emergence and resolution of conflict. Early theoretical approaches to emotion described it in terms of physiological states, but more recent research points to its connection to cognitive appraisal and goal progress. Specifically, emotion is characterized as mediating between cognition and behavior. This review identifies shortcomings of the “emotion as a mediator” approach, including its overemphasis on negative emotions as well as its failure to consider the complicated role of human agency. A new model is proposed that incorporates constrained agency, positive emotion, and cognitive appraisal as components of a …
The Differential Effectiveness Of Survey Recruiting Methods
The Differential Effectiveness Of Survey Recruiting Methods
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Participant recruitment in survey research is an essential part of many research studies, especially those conducted in academic settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the current, most-effective methods of recruitment. We used four methods to administer the same survey. They included the traditional methods of classroom presentation and face-to-face recruitment using fliers, and the more recent methods of mass e-mails to class lists and social-network mass messaging. We analyzed the data using a chi-square test to compare and determine the most effective method of recruitment. We found that recruitment through the social-networking site Facebook was the most …
Exercise, Brain Plasticity, And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors
Exercise, Brain Plasticity, And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Physical exercise influences neurobiological processes and cognitive abilities. For example, it increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein responsible for maintaining synaptic connections as well as neuronal development, growth, and survival. The increase of BDNF promotes brain plasticity and has been shown to aid recovery from brain injuries, as well as to improve cognitive function in older adults. Recent studies with well-exercised rats showed strong, positive correlations between BDNF levels, cognitive performance in maze tasks, and recovery from fluid-percussion injuries to the hippocampus. Currently researchers are focusing on whether exercise prevents neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and …
Later-Life Hoarders: Clinical Symptomatic Progression And Multi-Faceted Clinical Interventions
Later-Life Hoarders: Clinical Symptomatic Progression And Multi-Faceted Clinical Interventions
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
The age at onset and the clinical symptomatic progression of hoarding behaviors through successive decades are important factors in concerting appropriate interventions for later-life hoarders. The onset of hoarding begins at an early age, progresses in severity with each season of life, and has serious personal and social consequences. If left unimpeded, hoarders’ lives often become sufficiently maladjusted to require professional interventions, which should be multi-faceted to relieve symptoms more successfully and resolve underlying emotional issues for later-life hoarders. Multi-faceted interventions may play a key role in countering chronic hoarding behaviors and related personal dysfunction in older individuals.
Front Matter 10.1
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Can Self-Compassion Reduce Depression And Anxiety In Adolescents?
Can Self-Compassion Reduce Depression And Anxiety In Adolescents?
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Self-compassion has been explored as a new intervention strategy for adolescents suffering from depression and anxiety. These two mental illnesses are increasingly prevalent among this age group due to a variety of factors, including transitional difficulties and social stressors (Muris, Meesters, Pierik & de Kock, 2016; Neff & McGeh ee, 2010). Studies have shown that individuals who practice self-compassion have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety (Bluth & Blanton, 2015). Conversely, insecure attachment, low self-esteem, and belief in the personal fable, symptoms common in depressed and anxious individuals, negatively correlate with self-compassion (Bluth & Blanton, 2015; Muris et al., 2016; …
Effects Of Extracurricular Activities And Physical Activity On Academic Success
Effects Of Extracurricular Activities And Physical Activity On Academic Success
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
In this paper, I provide a comprehensive review of recent literature (published since 2010) regarding the relation between academic success and participation in extracurricular activities. I examine the direct effects—both positive and negative—that such participation has on the academic performance of students of all grade levels. Subsequently, because sports constitute a large portion of the extracurricular spectrum, I also examine studies that analyze t he effects of physical activity on academic performance. These studies suggest that extracurricular activities may have a positive effect on academics, especially when they contribute to a balanced life, self-confidence, an increased sense of personal duty …
The Use Of Positive Psychological Methods By Religious Leaders And Their Effects On Depression In The Lgb Community
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Depression among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB individuals) is a complex issue involving many possible factors, including internalized homophobia and discrimination. Religiosity and religious leaders can exert both protecting and risk-inducing influences o n LGB depression, depending on how liberal or conservative the congregation’s stance is. The more conservative and non-gay-affirming a congregation is, the more likely an LGB individual is to develop depression (Gattis, Woodford, & Han, 2014). Positive psychology may help decrease the impact of intolerance on LGB individuals (Burckhardt, Manicavasagar, Batterham, & Hadzi-Pavlovic, 2016; Vaughan & Rodriguez, 2014). Through the use of positive psychology methods, such as …
Animal Hoarding By Humans: A Literature Review
Animal Hoarding By Humans: A Literature Review
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
I review the origin and treatment of animal-hoarding disorder in humans and its relation to hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, showing that it seems to be more closely related to object hoarding. The disorder often originates in a traumatic life event, which triggers a psychological vulnerability to compulsively collect animals. In some cases, the hoarding individual was neglected by parental figures at a young age and developed relationships with animals in order to cope with the neglect. Some theories that proposed to explain the neglectful behavior in animal hoarding include dissociation, delusion, and dementia, viewing the animals as self-objects, or …
Isolated Insanity: The Damaging Effects Of Solitary Confinement
Isolated Insanity: The Damaging Effects Of Solitary Confinement
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Solitary confinement is a popular form of punishment in prisons. However, it often results in the deterioration of the inmate’s mental health, especially when it is prolonged. It may lead to severe mental illness or self-harm, including suicide. In addition to the mental health effects, solitary confinement inhibits the rehabilitation process as it limits or eliminates exercise, visitation hours, medical treatment, and group recreation. Without these, many inmates lose their sense of identity and their hold on reality, thereby reducing the odds of successful reentry into society. To improve solitary confinement conditions, prison administrators should provide accessible psychiatrist treatment and …
Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder In Children
Understanding Reactive Attachment Disorder In Children
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) is recently new to clinical literature. RAD is a “Stress and Trauma-Related Disorder” that stems from an inability for a child to attach to a caregiver. Aside from some psychoanalytic foundations, most of what is known about RAD is based off John Bowlby’s attachment theory. As research has developed, RAD has been considered its own diagnosis in the DSM-5 rather than labelled under the umbrella term of “attachment disorder.” A biopsychosocial model of RAD argues that RAD is primarily formed and exacerbated by neglect from a caregiver that can infringe upon the child’s ability to form …
Virtually Free Speech: The Problem Of Unbridled Debates On Social Media
Virtually Free Speech: The Problem Of Unbridled Debates On Social Media
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
How individuals communicate on the internet has been influenced by the rise of social networking and the introduction of Web 2.0. Contentious sociopolitical arguments containing false polarization and confirmation bias, accompanied by egocentric and ethnocentric thinking are common. Ideological radicalization has also increased, as evidenced by the prevalence of ISIS and White supremacists on sites such as Twitter and Reddit. One consequence is the online practice known as flaming—intensely aggressive, personal verbal attacks. To reduce its occurrence, both macro- and micro-solutions should be implemented. On the macro-level, social networks and related online organizations should establish and enforce guide lines while …
Chronic Illness And Functionality: How It Affects Adolescents Academically And Socially And How They Can Cope
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
This paper explores the prevalence of chronic illness in adolescents, and its effects on academic and social functionality. When diagnosed with a chronic condition, adolescents must often make lifestyle changes that can put substantial pressures on some, or even all, areas of life. Many adolescents report needing help to make the changes necessary to manage their illness. Chronic illness affects millions of adolescents worldwide, and these individuals need understanding, support, and guidance to succeed. The aim of this paper is to review the literature examining psychosocial aspects of chronic illness in adolescents and to examine healthy coping styles, accessibility to …
Teacher Expectations And The Black-White Scholastic Achievement Gap
Teacher Expectations And The Black-White Scholastic Achievement Gap
Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology
Decades after the desegregation of schools, a Black-White achievement gap remains in the American school system. Researchers have given many possible explanations, including socioeconomic factors and teachers’ expectations of their students. In this paper, I summarize some of the literature on racial prejudice in teach er expectations and its impact on students’ academic and personal lives. I also analyze the role of stereotypes and other factors in teacher expectations and the communication of explicit and implicit expectations through teaching practices and nonverbal behavior. Finally, I discuss the use of teacher workshops as a possible means for narrowing the ethnic achievement …