Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Differing Response Force Requirements On Response Rate And Post-Reinforcement Pause, Kenneth Lee Ailing

Dissertations

The present study consisted of three experiments in which rats were exposed to two-component multiple schedules of reinforcement. In the first experiment, fifteen responses were required to produce reinforcement in both components of the multiple schedule. In one component 25 g of downward force was always required to operate the response lever. In the other, the force required varied from 25 g to 200 g across conditions. In the second experiment, fifteen responses were required to produce reinforcement in both components of the multiple schedule. In one component 25 g of downward force was always required to operate the response …

Residential Options For The Institutionalized Chronically Mentally Ill: The Impact Of Psychosis On Choice, Richard James Stanek

Dissertations and Theses

Discharge planning for hospitalized chronically mentally ill usually involves only verbal descriptions of community residential options. Psychosis often impairs ability to conceptualize abstract information, and quality of the choice process may be poor without describing options in concrete form, i.e., using written descriptions and photographs. A random sample (N= 90) of Dammasch State Hospital (Wilsonville, Oregon) patient population, comprising persons diagnosed schizophrenic, schizoaffective, organic mental disorder, and bipolar, were assigned to three treatment groups, asked to rank six community residential options suited for them when they were ready to leave the hospital. The three treatment groups were presented the same …

The Effect Of Age And Sexual Abuse On The Concept Of God In Children Ages Six Through Twelve, Laura Anne Roberts

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The purpose of this study was twofold. The first goal was to explore the relationship between the variables of age, sexual abuse, and the identity of the sexual offender upon the concept of God in children ages six through twelve. The second was to add to the literature regarding the assessment of the concept of God in children with an objective semantic differential scale instrument.

The sample consisted of 53 children from day care, church, and outpatient therapy settings. Nonabused children were divided on the basis of age (six through eight and nine through twelve). Sexually abused children were divided …

Project Towards No Tobacco Use: Implementation, Process And Post-Test Knowledge Evaluation, Steve Sussman, Clyde W. Dent, Alan W. Stacy, Carol S. Hodgson, Dee Burton, Brian R. Flay

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This paper describes the curricula contents, and presents data to evaluate the implementation, process and immediate post-test knowledge of Project Towards No Tobacco Use (Project TNT). Four different school-based tobacco use prevention curricula were developed to counteract the effects of three types of tobacco use acquisition variables typically addressed within a comprehensive social influences program: (1) peer approval for using tobacco (normative social influence), (2) incorrect social informational provided about tobacco use (information social influence) and (3) lack of knowledge or misperceptions about physical consequences resulting from tobacco use. Three curricula were designed to counteract the effects of single acquisition …

Educational Implications Of Group Differences In Cognitive Style: Evidence From Pacific Cultures, Lynne Hansen-Strain

Pacific Studies

No abstract provided.

Work/Rest Schedules And Performance Of S-3 Aviators During Fleet Exercise 1992, David F. Neri, Scott A. Shappell

Publications

We examined the effect that a fleet exercise has on the work/rest patterns, fatigue, and cognitive performance of S-3 aviators. For 10 days during Fleet Exercise 1992, 21 S-3 aviators from CARRIER AIR WING SEVENTEEN (CVW-17) aboard USS SARATOGA (CV-60) completed detailed daily-activity logs while performing their usual tasks. Subjective measures of fatigue, quality of rest, and sleep need were also collected. A subset of eight aviators completed a brief battery of computer tasks as soon before flying as possible and again after flight debrief. Results indicated that, although the fleet exercise appeared to be below average in difficulty, there …

The Effect Of Color On Character Recognition: A Study Of The Oregon License Plate, Frank R. Dennis

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated character color changes on the current Oregon license plate in an attempt to rectify character recognition problems currently experienced with personalized license plates. Red-violet, brown, and purple were tested against the blue color currently used on the Oregon license plate's characters. Aesthetic-preference analyses were conducted to ensure that the potential character color changes maintained the appeal of the current plate. A standard recognition paradigm was used to test errors in letter recognition for the 4 colors.

Fifty-four subjects with normal or corrected normal visual acuity and normal color vision were solicited from undergraduate psychology courses. All 54 …

Yalom Curative Factors And Group Member Involvement: Threats To Internal Validity, Shlomo S. Sawilowsky

Theoretical and Behavioral Foundations of Education Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Refusal Assertion Versus Conversational Skill Role-Play Competence: Relevance To Prevention Of Tobacco Use, Steve Sussman, Alan W. Stacy, Clyde W. Dent, Catherine Burciaga, Dee Burton, Brian R. Flay

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

Conversational and refusal assertion skills of 768 seventh grade youth were assessed through ratings of global (for example, effectiveness) and non-verbal (for example, eye contact) behaviour performed in two role-play scenarios. The ratings were completed after each scenario by the subjects themselves, as well as by classmate and trained adult observers. Use of the Hays and Hayashi multitrait scaling method to interpret these data revealed two results. First, the items used to measure role-play behaviour did not achieve sufficient internal consistency to create global and non-verbal composites. Second, inter-rater agreement and discriminant validity were obtained only for ratings of the …

Spiritual Well Being, Religiosity, And Demographic Variables As Predictors Of The Use Of Christian Counseling Techniques Among Members Of Caps, U.S.A., Samuel A. Adams

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Despite the increasing attention being given to understanding the relationship between psychology and Christianity, there is little research investigating the actual practices of Christian psychotherapists. This study explored the use of Christian counseling techniques by Christian therapists. Specifically, it identified a set of variables which predicted the use of certain Christian counseling techniques among Christian therapist members of the Christian Association for Psychological studies (CAPS, USA) and described the range and frequency of their use.

Participants were 450 randomly sampled, clinical members of CAPS. Of the 450 surveyed, 340 responded, resulting in a 76% return rate. The total sample was …

Severely Dependent Alcohol Abusers May Be Vulnerable To Alcohol Cues In Television Programs, Linda C. Sobell, Mark B. Sobell, Anthony Toneatto, Gloria I. Leo

Faculty Articles

The self-reported ability of 96 alcohol abusers to resist the urge to drink heavily was assessed after they viewed a videotape of a popular prime time television program complete with advertisements. Different versions of the videotape were used to evaluate the effects of a television program with and without alcohol scenes as crossed with the effects of three different types of commercials (i.e., beer, nonalcoholic beverages, food). Before and after viewing the videotape, subjects, who were led to believe that they were participating in two separate and unrelated sets of experimental procedures, completed several drinking questionnaires. Responses to one of …

Affect And The Perception Of Injustice, Steven J. Scher, David R. Heise

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Traditional approaches to distributive justice have seen the determination of whether or not a distribution of rewards is fair as a cognitive process, with emotion entering the process only as an outcome of a decision that the distribution was unjust. In this paper, we propose a modification of this view. Namely, we propose that justice is not calculated unless the actor feels a justice-related emotion (anger or guilt). These emotions, which arise in the course of social interaction, lead to the instigation of justice deliberations. Using Affect Control Theory, we explain how the justice-related emotions could arise in situations that …

The Effects Of God Language On Perceived Attributes Of God, Mark R. Mcminn, Sonja D. Brooks, Marcia A. Triplett, Wesley E. Hoffman, Paul G. Huizinga

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Sixty-three participants listened to an audio· tape asking them to imagine themselves in God's presence. Half the participants listened to a script in which God was presented as female and half listened to a script in which God was presented as male. Half of those in each group listened to a male narrator and the other half listened to a female narrator. Before and after listening to the script, participants rated the attributes of God on a forced-choice questionnaire. Those to whom God was presented as female were more likely to emphasize God's mercy at posttest whereas those to whom …

Identification Of Which High Risk Youth Smoke Cigarettes Regularly, Alan W. Stacy, Steve Sussman, Clyde W. Dent, Thomas R. Simon, Dee Burton, Brian R. Flay

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

This study investigated which variables distinguish high school-aged adolescents who identify themselves as members of a high-risk group and, among them, those who report regular (weekly) vs. light levels of cigarette smoking. Youth who identified with a high-risk group were most likely to report problem-prone characteristics, such as a preference to take risks and smoke cigarettes. Yet, only half of them reported regular levels of smoking. Two variables delineated light smoking among these youth: not having a close friend who smoked and placing an importance on health as a value. Development of new tobacco-use prevention strategies to impart health values …

Affect And The Perception Of Injustice, Steven Scher, David Heise

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Traditional approaches to distributive justice have seen the determination of whether or not a distribution of rewards is fair as a cognitive process, with emotion entering the process only as an outcome of a decision that the distribution was unjust. In this paper, we propose a modification of this view. Namely, we propose that justice is not calculated unless the actor feels a justice-related emotion (anger or guilt). These emotions, which arise in the course of social interaction, lead to the instigation of justice deliberations. Using Affect Control Theory, we explain how the justice-related emotions could arise in situations that …

Possessions Of School-Aged Children, Myralynn Coleman

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Exposure To Female Role Models On Female Career Self-Efficacy For Perceived Male-Dominated Occupations, Beverly Jean Hines

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Long-Term Effects Of Childhood Bereavement: A Contextual Analysis, Rebeccah Warren-Marlatt

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

The Relation Of Parenting Styles To Children's Lying Behaviors, Deborah Lee Moffett

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

A New Framework For Investigating Cognitive Sex Differences, Tiffany Marie Wright

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Cue-To-Consequence Effects In An Associative Account Of Causal Attribution, Jill Ann Kuhn

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Stigmatization Of Divorced Persons: Effects Of Multiple Divorce And Gender, Melissa Delores Willers

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Job Applicants' Age, Gender, And Exercise Lifestyle As Determinants Of Evaluations Of Hiring Application Forms, Sally Allene Kaiser

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Children's Understanding Of Intentions, Emotions, And Intention-Emotion Relationships, Kathleen Grace Haver, Elaine M. Justice

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined children's understanding of the role of intentionality in social interactions. Four, six, and eight year olds were read stories, illustrated with simple pictures, depicting accidental or deliberate actions. The study used a forced choice paradigm that asked children to indicate which of two pictures showed (1) an intentional (or unintentional) act and (2) a situation in which the victim would be sad (or mad). Six and eight year olds, but not Four year olds, correctly identified deliberate actions at above chance levels. Eight year olds identified accidental actions and situations in which the victim would be mad …

The Effect Of Phenol Denervation Of The Hepatic Portal Vein Nerves On Taste Aversion Learning, Deborah Jane Hooks

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Sex Differences In Children Of Diverse Cultures: The Case Of Nurturance To Infants, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This chapter draws on the data from the Children of Different Worlds study (Whiting & Edwards, 1988) to consider the origin of sex differences in children’s behavior worldwide, in particular: (1) how different kinds of social behavior are elicited by different contexts of socialization (defined by the sex, age, status, and kinship of social interactants, ongoing activities, and other potent dimensions of setting); (2) how these contexts of socialization are distributed across cultures and associated with various adult subsistence strategies, family structures, household patterns, and forms of social networks; and (3) how boys and girls of each age in diverse …

At The Threshold Of Global Transformation, Michael R. Meyer

International Journal of Transpersonal Studies

No abstract provided.

Animal Welfare And Individual Characteristics: A Conversation Against Speciesism, Marc Bekoff, Lori Gruen

Animal Welfare Collection

It seems impossible for a human being not to have some point of view concerning nonhuman animal (hereafter animal) welfare. Many people make decisions about how humans are permitted to treat animals using speciesist criteria, basing their decisions on an individual's species membership rather than on that animal's individual characteristics. Although speciesism provides a convenient way for making difficult decisions about who should be used in different types of research, we argue that such decisions should rely on an analysis of individual characteristics and should not be based merely on species membership. We do not argue that the concept of …

Counting In Chimpanzees: Nonhuman Principles And Emergent Properties Of Number, Sarah T. Boysen

Numeracy Collection

No abstract provided.

Communication Styles Of Children Of Mothers With Affective Disorders, Chronic Medical Illness, And Normal Controls: A Contextual Perspective, Elizabeth Burney Hamilton, Constance Hammen, Gayane Minasian, Maren Jones

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Research has demonstrated impaired parent-child relationships in families with affective disorders. The present study examines the association of children's interactional style during a direct conflict-solving task to both the mother's interactional style and the child's diagnostic status. The sample includes 63 children, ages 8 to 16, of mothers with affective disorders, chronic medical illness, and normal controls. Children's dominant coping style profile (CS) (autonomous, neutral, or critical) was related to their mother's affective style (AS) (benign or negative). Affective disorder in the child at 6-month followup was associated with a critical CS profile at intake, while the child's nonaffective symptomatology …