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Articles 66391 - 66420 of 73822

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Comprehensive Organizational Social Support Tool: Cosst Assessment, Amanda Kroger Jan 1997

The Comprehensive Organizational Social Support Tool: Cosst Assessment, Amanda Kroger

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis describes the development of an instrument (the Comprehensive Organizational Social Support Tool (COSST)) designed to assess the extent to which organizations foster socially supportive interactions amongst their employees. Research indicates that the support that individuals receive from their co-workers in the workplace can have a significant impact on their physical and emotional health, and their commitment to, and performance within, an organization. Organizations can do much to foster these kinds of supportive interactions. However, in order for an organization to determine the strategies it should employ in enhancing support, it is necessary to assess what it is currently …

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A Qualitative, Participatory Study Of The Process Of Becoming An Advocate For Nonhuman Animals, Angela Kathleen Raithby Jan 1997

A Qualitative, Participatory Study Of The Process Of Becoming An Advocate For Nonhuman Animals, Angela Kathleen Raithby

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This thesis begins with an overview of some published works concerning oppression, its alleviation and the interconnectedness of its various forms, as they relate to the diverse area which is loosely referred to as ‘animal rights’. In general terms, the ultimate goal of choosing to do this thesis in the area of animal rights is to further the defence of nonhuman animals. The purpose of this specific project is to document, compare, and contrast a range of examples of the process of changing relationships and becoming an advocate for other animals. These examples, the experiences and life stories of five …

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Value Dilemmas In Striving For Social Justice: A Case Study Of The Working Centre (Ontario), Stephen Orr Jan 1997

Value Dilemmas In Striving For Social Justice: A Case Study Of The Working Centre (Ontario), Stephen Orr

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examines the Working Centre, a self-help resource centre for the unemployed in Kitchener, and how it has responded to the changing nature of work. It explores the growth of global capitalism and the impact of new technologies on the workplace. The study also examines how economic restructuring leads to high levels of unemployment and part-time work. The thesis reviews the Working Centre’s mission, goals and objectives, and how these have been translated into action in the Centre’s early years and today. Finally, this study discusses the Centre’s efforts to pursue a social justice agenda in a rapidly changing …

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Application Of The Remember/Know Judgement Paradigm To Eyewitness Stimuli, P. Michael Appavoo Jan 1997

Application Of The Remember/Know Judgement Paradigm To Eyewitness Stimuli, P. Michael Appavoo

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The ability to gauge the accuracy of eyewitnesses’ recall of a crime scene is of great investigative importance. Previous research has shown that outright confidence judgements may not be a very reliable method of assessing witnesses’ recall accuracy. The purpose of the present research was to apply the Remember/Know judgement paradigm to eyewitnesses’ recall in the hopes of finding a more effective technique for judging accuracy. In this paradigm individuals are asked to make judgements about each recalled item in terms of whether they specifically Remember the item (including context and time of presentation), as opposed to simply having a …

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Conforming To The Will Of The Church: The Role Of Religious Orientation, Religious Proscription, And Right-Wing Authoritarianism In The Religion-Prejudice Relationship, Robert James Duck Jan 1997

Conforming To The Will Of The Church: The Role Of Religious Orientation, Religious Proscription, And Right-Wing Authoritarianism In The Religion-Prejudice Relationship, Robert James Duck

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Study 1 was designed to determine the relationships between three religious orientations and three measures of prejudice. Contrary to previous findings, religious Quest (Q) was not negatively correlated with 2 measures of ethnocentrism. However, the associations among dependent measures of religiously proscribed and nonproscribed prejudices, and Intrinsic (I) and Extrinsic (E) religious orientations, supported previous findings. Study 1 also was intended to examine the role of “right-wing authoritarianism” (RWA) and “social desirability’ (SD) in the religion-prejudice relationship. Contrary to Batson, Schoenrade, and Ventis (1993), no correlational evidence was found to support the hypothesis that highly intrinsic believers are prone to …

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Age Differences In Implicit Memory Tests, Penny Kathleen Poisson Jan 1997

Age Differences In Implicit Memory Tests, Penny Kathleen Poisson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Evidence concerning age differences on perceptual implicit memory tests has been inconsistent, with some studies showing no age effects and others showing reduced priming in older adults. Recently, research on implicit tests that focus more on the semantic features of words has typically shown no reliable age effect on priming scores. In the present study we examined the pattern of age effects on a conceptual (general knowledge) and a perceptual (word stem completion) implicit test Explicit memory performance was measured using cued word recall and fact recall tests. The nature of the encoding task used for each test was also …

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Organizational Change And Inclusive Practices: Promoting Access For Diverse Populations In The Canadian Mental Health Association (Waterloo Region Branch) (Ontario), James W. Taylor Jan 1997

Organizational Change And Inclusive Practices: Promoting Access For Diverse Populations In The Canadian Mental Health Association (Waterloo Region Branch) (Ontario), James W. Taylor

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research began a process and generated information that would help guide the Canadian Mental Health Association/Waterloo Region Branch (CMHA/WRB) in developing services that meet the needs of all residents in the area it serves. This project was comprised of two phases. The phases were conceptualized as being intervention cycles consisting of information, awareness and action-building components. The first phase consisted of work done within the agency itself, to help articulate the goals, attitudes, and possible barriers seen by the paid/non-paid staff towards the new multicultural emphasis. This work involved three focus groups with paid and non-paid staff. As well, …

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Assessing Process Dissociation Procedure And Implicit Memory Estimates Of Automatic Retrieval For A Retention Interval Manipulation, Daryl E. Wilson Jan 1997

Assessing Process Dissociation Procedure And Implicit Memory Estimates Of Automatic Retrieval For A Retention Interval Manipulation, Daryl E. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Results from standard implicit memory tests suggest that automatic retrieval decreases or remains relatively stable over time, whereas results from the process dissociation procedure (PDP) suggest that automatic retrieval may actually increase over time. Advocates of the PDP view, have suggested that this incongruity results from contamination of the implicit tests by intentional retrieval, whereas the PDP provides a valid index of automatic retrieval. In contrast, new results from a speeded implicit memory test suggest that the standard implicit memory tests provide reasonable estimates of automatic retrieval, but that the PDP underestimates automatic retrieval at a short retention interval when …

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Specific Dopaminergic Manipulation Of The Internal Clock Mechanism, Lianne Elizabeth Stanford Jan 1997

Specific Dopaminergic Manipulation Of The Internal Clock Mechanism, Lianne Elizabeth Stanford

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Using non-specific dopaminergic agents, Meck (1983, 1986) and his colleagues have repeatedly demonstrated manipulations of the internal clock mechanism, while showing no other changes to the psychophysical function (DL & WF). The current study used analyses and procedures similar to those of Meck (1983) and investigated the internal clock mechanism with the specific D2 agonist, quinpirole. Two groups were trained with saline and tested with quinpirole (0.08 mg/kg). One group was naive to the drug prior to testing (DN), while the other had previous drug exposure (DE). A third group (DT) was trained with quinpirole, and tested with saline. The …

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Center For Psychological Studies 1997-1998 Catalog, Nova Southeastern University Jan 1997

Center For Psychological Studies 1997-1998 Catalog, Nova Southeastern University

College of Psychological Services / College of Psychology Postgraduate Student and Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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Pink And Blue See Red Differently: Influences Of Gender, Gender Role And Gender Of The Target On Anger Experience And Expression, Darryl George Milovchevich Jan 1997

Pink And Blue See Red Differently: Influences Of Gender, Gender Role And Gender Of The Target On Anger Experience And Expression, Darryl George Milovchevich

Theses : Honours

Anger is a commonly experienced emotion popularly thought to differ for men and women. However, because of definitional confusion and methodological limitations, there has been little useful empirical exploration of these differences. Current research findings on anger have, further, been limited by being based on non-random convenience samples of students and clinical populations. Research has produced inconclusive evidence for the effect of gender differences on measures of anger. Gender role identification has been identified as possible influencing factor. In the current study, the author drew a random sample from the general population of a small Australian city. Participants (n = …

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Patient Behaviors And Beliefs : Are Standardized Patients Different?, Colleen Shannon Lewy Jan 1997

Patient Behaviors And Beliefs : Are Standardized Patients Different?, Colleen Shannon Lewy

Dissertations and Theses

Standardized patients (SP's) are lay people who are trained to evaluate and train clinical skills for medical personnel. It was hypothesized that since SP's have had practice and experience interacting with medical personnel that they would exhibit higher levels of patient interaction with their own health care providers. Surveys were sent to SP's affiliated with two medical schools in the Northwest as well as a control group from a local university. Surveys consisted of the Thompson Decisional Involvement scale, the Ende Autonomy Preference Index, the Krantz Health Opinion Survey: Information Seeking subscale, a Satisfaction Criteria scale, and an Expectations survey. …

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Effects Of Orientation And Meaning On Mental Rotation, Peter D. Elgin, Susan T. Davis Jan 1997

Effects Of Orientation And Meaning On Mental Rotation, Peter D. Elgin, Susan T. Davis

Modern Psychological Studies

Reading is a complex ability, for the most part, and performed automatically, especially when the visual stimulus is upright. The present study examined the contribution of mental rotation to reading; participants were timed as they read lists of consonant-vowel-consonant trigrams (CVCs) of varying orientations and meaning. An ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between orientation and meaning, F(3,126)=8.41, MSE=8238 77.99. CVCs misoriented by 180 required the longest response time in the low-meaning condition. However, in the high-meaning condition, CVCs misoriented by 270 ° required a longer response time than those misoriented by 180 o. These paradoxical results may be due to …

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The Relationship Between Parenting Style And Chilren's Anger, Aggressive Behavior, And Perception Of Intention, Patricia Bardina, Michelle Wilson Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Parenting Style And Chilren's Anger, Aggressive Behavior, And Perception Of Intention, Patricia Bardina, Michelle Wilson

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the relationship between parenting style and preschoolers' perceptions of intention, their anger, and their aggressive behavior. Each child was told eight variations of the same story and then was asked to rate the characters' intentions and anger. The parents were given the Modified PARI (Emmerich, 1969) and the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1983) to measure parenting style and the child's aggressive behavior. A regression analysis resulted in a significant Beta score of .41 (p<. 02) between hostility rejection parenting style and the child's perception of intention. Previous research shows a relationship between perception of intention and anger or aggressive behavior (Rotenberg, 1985; Fine, 1980); thus, the results of this study suggest that perception of intention could serve as a mediator between hostile parenting and anger or aggressive behavior.

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Sexual Harassment Perception As Influenced By A Harasser's Physical Attractiveness And Job Level, Mark E. Savery Jan 1997

Sexual Harassment Perception As Influenced By A Harasser's Physical Attractiveness And Job Level, Mark E. Savery

Modern Psychological Studies

Seventy-two women participated in a study that compared factors that influenced the perception of sexual harassment Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 66 years (M = 24.03, SD = 8.12). The variables studied were the physical attractiveness of the harasser (low or high), the job level of the harasser relative to the target (equal or superior), and the level of sexual harassment in the stories read by the participants (low or moderate). The Sexual Harassment Perception Scale (SHPS) was used to measure the perception of sexual harassment Analysis of variance indicated that physically attractive males were perceived as less harassing …

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Front Matter Jan 1997

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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A Historical Review Of Disgust, Amanda Burlington, Chad Mcdaniel, David O. Wilson Jan 1997

A Historical Review Of Disgust, Amanda Burlington, Chad Mcdaniel, David O. Wilson

Modern Psychological Studies

Although disgust was identified as a basic emotion 125 years ago (Darwin, 1965), no psychological theory has focused on disgust as a key concept. Although many prominent scientists such as Freud, Darwin, and Ma/son have addressed the topic of disgust in their research, none have focused solely on the causes and consequences of disgust. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the literature concerning disgust and to demonstrate how disgust is a meaningful concept worthy of major focus in psychological research, theories, and application.

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Improving Memory For Source: The Effect Of Various Training Methods Within A Reality Monitoring Paradigm, Brittan Ann Barker Jan 1997

Improving Memory For Source: The Effect Of Various Training Methods Within A Reality Monitoring Paradigm, Brittan Ann Barker

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Gender Differences, Socialization, And Delay Of Gratification, Kristen K. Miller Jan 1997

Gender Differences, Socialization, And Delay Of Gratification, Kristen K. Miller

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Instrumental Relaxing And Soft Rock Music On Anxiety And Aggression In Psychiatric Patients, Matthew Franks Jan 1997

The Effects Of Instrumental Relaxing And Soft Rock Music On Anxiety And Aggression In Psychiatric Patients, Matthew Franks

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Acculturation And College Attendance In Hispanic Students, Alma D. Najera Jan 1997

Acculturation And College Attendance In Hispanic Students, Alma D. Najera

Masters Theses

This study investigated the relationship between acculturation and college attendance of Hispanic high school students. Acculturation is mainly associated with the degree to which one experiences cultural change toward the majority culture. It was theorized that acculturation would have a postive association with college attendance. Acculturation level, socioeconomic status and college attendance were the varibles utilized. The students filled out a questionnaire that was composed of 12 questions and five-self report questions. The Twelve qestions were taken from the Short Acculturation Scale, two questions regarding socioeconomic status were taken from the Hollingshead Scocioecomic Scale, with the remaining questions inquiring about …

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An Analysis Of Parental Involvement At Iep Conferences For Students With Hearing Impairments, Kristina S. Kroeker Parker Jan 1997

An Analysis Of Parental Involvement At Iep Conferences For Students With Hearing Impairments, Kristina S. Kroeker Parker

Masters Theses

Legislation of the 1970's and 80's mandated parental involvement in the development of special education plans for children with disabilities. The literature has indicated that parents are often passive recipients of information (Goldstein, Strickland, Turnbull, & Curry, 1980) even though parent involvement in a child's education has been associated with academic success (Epstein, 1990). An observational analysis of eighteen IEP conferences for children with hearing impairments receiving services through the Eastern Illinois Area Special Education Cooperative was completed. Observers recorded the frequency of verbal participation by the parents, and parents and teachers completed questionnaires addressing satisfaction and perceptions of involvement …

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A Comparison Between Afro-American And White College Student's Attitudes Toward Suicide, Christina M. Mentes Jan 1997

A Comparison Between Afro-American And White College Student's Attitudes Toward Suicide, Christina M. Mentes

Masters Theses

The rate of suicide in the United States has increased considerably in recent years making research of suicidal behaviors an important avenue of study. Yet the rate of increase has been inconsistent across demographic variables such as gender, age, and ethnicity, making it difficult to determine risk factors and predictors of suicidal behavior. Previous studies have conflicting results as to whether or not it is possible to determine risk factors by measuring attitudes towards suicide, and whether or not certain demographic variables correlate with attitudes toward suicidal behavior. This study investigates attitudes toward suicidal behavior and demographic variables in order …

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The Relationship Between Social Skills, Social Phobia And Behavior Disorders In Adolescents, Kristin A. Lavery Jan 1997

The Relationship Between Social Skills, Social Phobia And Behavior Disorders In Adolescents, Kristin A. Lavery

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Among Family Environment Attributes, Personological Factors, Low Self-Esteem And Late Adolescent Problem Drinking, Kenneth L. Dalla Costa Jan 1997

The Relationship Among Family Environment Attributes, Personological Factors, Low Self-Esteem And Late Adolescent Problem Drinking, Kenneth L. Dalla Costa

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

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Referral Biases In The Schools, Camela P. Hayes Jan 1997

Referral Biases In The Schools, Camela P. Hayes

Masters Theses

Biases influencing teachers' referral decisions for special education services were examined. Specific biases identified and addressed pertained to students' type of problem behavior, gender and socio-economic status (SES). Subjects included 120 regular elementary school teachers from the western Chicagoland area. A total of 8 vignettes describing a child with varying behavior difficulties, gender and SES, along with 2 questionnaires were utilized. An Analysis of Variance revealed that teachers are less tolerant of students who are disruptive and are more apt to refer them than students with emotional difficulties less overt in their manifestation. The effects of SES on referral decisions …

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An Exploratory Study Of High School And College Students Attitudes Toward Suicide, Kathy Jo Carroccio Jan 1997

An Exploratory Study Of High School And College Students Attitudes Toward Suicide, Kathy Jo Carroccio

Masters Theses

The present study examined whether demographics such as education level, age, gender, religious background, and experience with suicide affected individuals attitudes toward suicide with 93 college students. The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) was used to assess attitudes including: acceptability-normality; mental & moral illness; suicide as semi-serious; religion; risk; and normality. The Suicide Attitude Vignette Experience (SAVE) was used to measure attitudes toward a number of different problem areas. Church attendance was the best predictor of an individual's attitude toward suicide. Females scored higher, but not significantly so, on the sympathy, empathy, and agree scales of the SAVE. College students viewed …

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The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva Jan 1997

The Effects Of Sex Guilt And Communication On Condom Use, Renée M. Souva

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex guilt and communication were related to condom use. Past research has examined variables that affect condom use and has found that individuals who communicate more about sexual matters, and individuals who have low sex guilt, have been found to use condoms/contraceptives more consistently. This study examined sex guilt and communication and how they predict condom use. The participants were 80 female undergraduates recruited from psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University. Mosher's revised Sex Guilt Inventory and Catania's Health Protective Communication Scale were administered along with a question that assessed condom …

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The Effects Of Timing And Type Of Judge's Instructions And Jurors' Beliefs On Verdicts And Sentence In A Child Sexual Assault Trial, Dawn R. (Campbell) Goldstein Jan 1997

The Effects Of Timing And Type Of Judge's Instructions And Jurors' Beliefs On Verdicts And Sentence In A Child Sexual Assault Trial, Dawn R. (Campbell) Goldstein

Masters Theses

In order to investigate the effect of judge's instructions and juror beliefs, eighty-three undergraduate males enrolled in psychology classes at Eastern Illinois University participated in a simulated sexual abuse trial. Participants either heard standard instructions in which the judge instructed jurors to decide guilt or innocence based on evidence alone or standard instructions plus information regarding children's limitations as witnesses. Instructions occurred either after testimony or before and after testimony. Certainty of guilt was unrelated to either the timing or type of instructions. However with regard to sentence, there was a significant interaction between timing of instructions and type of …

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The Comparison Of The Academic And Behavioral Characteristics Of Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Children With Learning Disabilities, Leah R. Pace Jan 1997

The Comparison Of The Academic And Behavioral Characteristics Of Children With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury And Children With Learning Disabilities, Leah R. Pace

Masters Theses

This study investigated the differences of academic and behavioral characteristics of children with a suggested history of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and children with learning disabilities (LD). Parents were given a survey which asked about their child's history of any blow or hit to the head. Teachers were also given a survey which included a rating scale for specific academic and behavioral characteristics. Results indicated that the MTBI group was not different from the LD group. However, there was a significant difference between those children who had a blow or hit to the head that resulted in a loss …

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