Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Psychology Of Sex: The Evolutionary Scandals, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the rudiments of evolutionary psychology as they pertain to the incidence and prevalence of sex scandals and their political consequences.

Trends. The Tale Of The Tape: Coup Minimization In Nigeria, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the covert, clandestine, and even apocryphal audio and video tapes used by Nigerian President Abacha, in an effort to minimize the probability of a successful coup.

Effective Treatment Of Psychopaths Who Violently Offend: Suggestions From Political Psychology And Virtual Reality Technology, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some difficulties in treating psychopaths who have been convicted of violent offenses. As well, it offers some suggestions for resolving these difficulties.

Trends. Self-Inflicted Injury As Coping Strategy: An Example From Hamas, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses a basic premise of psychodynamic political psychology, that of coping strategies being used to manage personal conflict which are often similar strategies used to manage political conflict.

Some Psychological Impediments To Detecting Deception: Challenges For The Intelligence Analyst And Political Psychologist, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some psychological impediments to the detection of deception in political events.

Validity Of Polygraph Procedures: Postmodernist And Strict Constructionist Approaches, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article critiques the most common scientific psychological critique of the validity of polygraph procedures.

A Psychology Of Democracy In Africa: From The Heart Of Darkness?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological phenomena affecting quests for international democratization.

How Standards And Accountability Lead To Safety And Security Violations At Nuclear Weapons Plants, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some counterintuitive consequences of instituting safety standards and accountability practices at nuclear weapons plants.

Surface And Source Aspects Of Political Leadership: Implications For The Psychology Of Scandal, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological research bearing on the import of so-called character lapses on political leadership.

Trends. Globalization And Security: Somalia, Indonesia, And The Import Of Mobility, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the potential for significant impact on the security of nation-states that illegal immigrants can have.

Trends. Alternative Therapies And Resistance To Disconfirming Information In Security Bureaucracies: Perspective Of A Fourth Grader, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the science experiment of a fourth-grader in relation to practitioners of alternative therapies and the health field.

Man To Man: A Psychodynamic/ Developmental Understanding Of Adult Male Same-Sex Friendship, Len D. Mccoy

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Within psychology there has been a historic lack of literature on male development at the social, personal and intrapsychic levels. This is currently being remediated somewhat, but large voids still exist. Not only is male development under-represented, but there is even less research on the development and attributes of men's same-sex friendships. This study describes typical strengths and deficits in male friendships. The areas of deficit include the lack of emotional closeness many men experience with each other and the decline in friends that many men experience post-adolescence. An analysis of developmental and psychodynamic issues seeks to help illuminate the …

Violence-Prevention Education For The Primary Classroom, Carrie Shaw

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

This holistic curriculum addresses the many realms in which violence affects children: cognitive, affective, social, and behavioral. A violence prevention thematic unit containing lesson plans, performance tasks, and learning centers has been built around six research-based interlocking components: understanding violence, identifying and expressing emotions, valuing peace, feeling a sense of community, being safe, and resolving conflicts nonviolently. The goal is that through beginning to teach practical violence prevention skills in these six areas in the primary grades (K-3), children will learn how to handle their aggressions and resolve conflicts without the use of violence.

The Effects Of Pretherapy Information On The Client's Perception Of A Counselor's Values And Receptiveness To Treatment, James C. Thomas

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Over the past thirty years there has been a growing awareness in the psychological community that a counselor's personal values, including religious values, influences the therapy relationship. Despite this awareness, few counselors have made it a practice of sharing their value orientation with their clients. One way of helping clients make informed choices about whether they want to enter therapy with a certain counselor is to give them information before therapy begins about a counselor's personal values that may influence the therapy relationship. This study partially replicates the work of Lewis and Epperson ( l 991) and shows that pre …

The Social Diffusion Of Safe Sex Behaviors In College Women, Sherry Pagoto

Masters Theses

With the ever rising numbers of people becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as reported by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 1997) the need for preventing the spread of infection is clear. One promising intervention, based on a theory called social diffusion, involves training popular opinion leaders to act as behavior change endorsers within their community (Kelly, 1991). This study found 25-30% reductions in high-risk behaviors and 16-18% increases in safe sex behaviors in a male homosexual population as a result of this type of intervention. The current study examines the effectiveness of this intervention within a …

The Effect Of Rate Vs. Number Of Emissions Of An Operant Behavior On Behavior Probability, Michael D. Makepeace

Dissertations

The present study compared three conditions in the training of a set of operant responses on later probability of behavior that represented a generalization or co-adduction of the behavior emitted in training. In two of the conditions, the numbers of emissions of target responses were exactly equal; in a third condition, the number of emissions of target responses was a lesser quantity. The two conditions with an equal number of emissions of target responses were distinguished by the rate of responses yielded by contingencies surrounding training in each condition. In one of these conditions, subjects responded at a relatively low …

Direct Service Staff's Perceptions Of Psychotropic Medication In Noninstitutional Settings For Individuals With Developmental Disabilities, Leeann Christian

Dissertations

Approximately 35-55% of individuals with mental retardation who live in the community are prescribed psychotropic and/or antiepileptic medication (Aman, Saphare, & Burrows, 1995; Singh, Guernsey, & Ellis, 1992). As more individuals with severe behavior challenges are transitioned from institutions into the community, these rates are likely to increase. Given these prevalence rates, it is important to determine whether staff who serve people with mental retardation are adequately educated about psychotropic medications. Previous studies (Aman, Singh, & White, 1987; Gadow, 1983; Singh, Epstein, Stout, Luebke, & Ellis, 1994; Singh et al., 1996) surveyed a variety of service providers in school and …

A Positive Psychological Theory Of Judging In Hindsight, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Functional Relations Among Constructs In The Same Content Domain At Different Levels Of Analysis: A Typology Of Composition Models, David Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Composition models specify the functional relationships among phenomena or constructs at different levels of analysis (e.g., individual level, team level, organizational level) that reference essentially the same content but that are qualitatively different at different levels (M. T. Hannan, 1971, K. H. Roberts, C. L. Hulin, & D. M. Rousseau, 1978, D. M. Rousseau, 1985). Specifying adequate composition models is a critical component of good multilevel research. A typology of composition models is proposed to provide a framework for organizing, evaluating, and developing constructs and theories in multilevel research. Five basic forms of composition are described and illustrated. Implications of …

Sociometric Status And Aggression As Predictive Of Childhood Conflict, Laura Warren '98

Honors Projects

Following recent trends in the study of children's conflict, researchers compared relationship strength between conflict resolution style and the personal variables of aggression and sociometric status. Participants consisted of 136 fourth-and fifth-grade students, who completed assessments measuring sociometric status and aggression, as well as reports on both hypothetical and real-life conflict resolution styles. Results revealed aggression levels to be more strongly associated with antisocial styles of conflict management, while sociometric status was a stronger predictor of assertive styles of resolution. In contrast to previous research, children's reported use of prosocial methods was consistent across all measures of conflict. Implications of …

Effects Of An Interview Guide On The Accuracy Of Ratings For Applicants With Disabilities, Catherine Quinn Greenwald Mergen

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The problem of bias in the employment interview for applicants with disabilities was addressed with research to identify if a decision aid can increase the decision making accuracy of interviewers. A survey designed to allow participants to rate applicants with five disabilities for three jobs (with three essential functions listed for each job) was used to assess rating accuracy of two groups. Participants who received the decision aid in the form of a Guide to Interviewing People with Selected Disabilities were expected to have more rating accuracy than those participants without access to the Guide. Accuracy was assessed by comparing …

Men Who Batter: Personality Variables, Relationship Variables, And Treatment Outcome, Lisa M. Petrica

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between the personality characteristics of male batterers and treatment outcome. It also examined a pattern of communication found in violent couples where the male pursues the female and the female withdraws in an argument. The study also compared alcohol use with treatment outcome.

Twenty-one men who attended a group psychoeducational treatment program for batterers completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2). The men were divided into three groups based on their scores: non-pathological (normal profile), narcissistic/antisocial (elevated psychopathic deviate scale), and severely disordered (elevations on several scales). Pre and post-test measures were completed: Dyadic Adjustment …

Machiavellianism Achievement And Gender Roles, Kathleen M. Gibson

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The focus of the current study was to find a relationship between Machiavellianism and achievement motivation. Gender, gender-role orientation, and college major were also introduced as variables. Two-hundred and forty university students majoring in either business or psychology completed various self-report measures. Results based on correlations and an analysis of variance produced the following results: Women of both majors had higher Machiavellian scores than males of both majors; business majors had a higher desire to work hard and were more competitive than psychology majors (especially males); scores on the Machiavellian scale positively correlated with competitiveness for females. For males, Machiavellianism …

Effects Of Chronic Cocaine Abuse On Verbal Learning And Memory, Elizabeth A. Kamin

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the existence and nature of verbal memory deficits in a group of chronic cocaine abusers. Functional impairment in a control group of recovering alcoholics was also examined. Participants were selected from groups of volunteers enrolled in various drug treatment programs at the Veterans' Hospital in Hampton, Virginia. All participants were at least 30 days abstinent at the time of testing. Twelve cocaine abusers with a mean use time of 10 years served as the experimental group. Ten alcoholics with a mean use time of 25 years served as the control group. Participants …

Electrocortical Output And Hemispheric Contributions To The Alert State During A Sustained Attention Task, Treven Curtis Pickett

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study investigated the relative electrocortical contributions of specified cerebral locations and the potential motoric influence of handedness in a biocybernetic feedback environment. Thirty six right-handed subjects engaged in two sixteen minute trials of a compensatory tracking task by guiding (via a joystick) a circle over a stationary target presented on a computer screen, performing one trial with their preferred (right) and one using their non-preferred (left) hand.

For each subject, a Macintosh computer interpreted electrocortical activity through an engagement index (20*beta/(alpha+theta)) and changed the task mode, i.e. manual (subject guides the task) or automatic (computer guides the task) as …

A Mnemonic For Intelligence Analysis And Operations, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes and critiques the self-reference effect as a mnemonic facilitating intelligence analysis and operations.

Security Bureaucracies: The Psychology Of Keeping And Divulging Secrets, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes aspects of the psychology of keeping and divulging secrets to inform policies of security bureaucracies' human resource managers.

The Political Essence Of Jungian Psychology: Thoughts On The Death Of Marie-Louise Von Franz, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article posits that a democratic, nonracist politics permeates Jungian psychology.

The Future Interface Of Political And Industrial/Organizational Psychologies: The Case Of Air Traffic Controllers, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents a brief overview of future psychological challenges bearing on the improving the performance of air traffic controllers. The most significant challenges appear to be philosophical, political, social, and cultural.

Psychological Profiles And Illegal Political Violence: A Commentary, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides guidance as to the nature of psychological profiles that best facilitate predicting, preventing, and attenuating illegal political violence.