Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Loneliness And Coping: Examining Predictors Of Active And Passive Styles Of Lonely Individuals, Betsy C. Garver '99

Honors Projects

This study sought to extend research on loneliness and coping. Emotional loneliness is a state that results from the lack of a personal, intimate attachment with another person, and social loneliness results from the lack of engaging in a social network, in which a person shares common interests with a group. Active coping involves making a plan and following it, while passive coping involves using passive techniques such as self-blame or distancing to solve the problem. In addition to replicating the prior finding of Russell et al. (1984) that emotionally lonely individuals were more likely to engage in active coping …

Adult Attention Disorders: The Effect Of External Auditory Stimulation Of Attention And Comprehension During Reading, Angela M. Reining '99

Honors Projects

This study examined the underarousal/optimal stimulation theory of ADHD. This theory states that an optimal level of arousal is maintained through moderation of incoming sensory stimuli (Zentall & Zentall, 1983). It is proposed that some of the deviant behavior displayed by hyperactive children represents a functional set of responses to conditions of abnormal sensory input. Attempts to correct this imbalance in arousal through chemical and sensory stimulation have been relatively successful. A recent study supported this theory by demonstrating the positive effect of music on children doing arithmetic problems. Using college students with a tendency toward attention disorders, the present …

Mentoring As A Manifestation Of Generativity Among University Faculty, Jeffery L. Lucas

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study examined the relationship between both generative concern and behaviors and satisfaction with life among university professors who mentor and those who do not_ Generative concern is an attitude or personality tendency to want to help others. Generative behavior are helping acts that generative individuals provide to others. A total of 75 university faculty completed surveys which consisted of demographic questionnaire, the Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS). Generative Behavior Checklist-Revised (GBC-R). and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Pearson correlations were conducted between generativity and satisfaction with life_ Mentors consistently scored higher on measures of generativity. As predicted, significant positive …

Captive Psychologies: From The Experience Of The Speaker Of The Cypriot Parliament, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes inferred psychological attributions related to the recent attempt by the Speaker of the Cypriot Parliament to free three United States soldiers captured by supporters of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic.

Raping And Killing Versus Raping And Impregnating: An Atrocity Primer For Ethnic Cleansing In The Balkans, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes political psychological aspects of rape as a tool of ethnic cleansing. In the article, rape denotes only the forced sexual behavior by males against females.

Children's Attitudes Toward Television Advertising: A State Of The Art Review, Heidi L. Haskins

Honors Theses

The issue of children and advertising came to light in the 1970s and has continued to be a topic of much discussion ever since. In started in the 1970s when the Action for Children's Television petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to eliminate all commercials from children's TV programs. Then in January 1973, the major networks agreed to reduce commercial time in children's weekend programs from 16 minutes an hour to 12 minutes an hour. In 1991, the Better Business Bureau estimated that children in the U.S. watch an average of 3.5 hours of television every day, and the average …

Trends. The Politics Of Science And The Science Of Politics: Adult-Child Sex And Child Sexual Abuse, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the "A meta-analytic examination of assumed properties of child sexual abuse using college samples" that was published in the Psychological Bulletin.

Tb Or Not Tb: Disease And The Adaptiveness Of Political Borders, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes adaptive and nonadaptive aspects of political borders at the threshold of the 21st century.

The Chiquita Case: A Lot Of Banana Oil?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article focuses on an aspect of substantive law that may unnecessarily impede the social benefits derived from investigative reporting and protect transgressors of the social contract. The article stems from a legal case that originated from allegations by an investigative reporter about misbehavior on the part of Chiquita Brands International Inc. However, the article does not describe the allegations nor take a position on their validity.

From The Ibpp Research Associates. (1) Global Perspectives. (2) Slovenia., United Nations, Janez Kranjski

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The IBPP Research Associates column has two parts, both of which are included in the downloadable document.

The first part of the document forwards text from a World Health Organization document, taken from the United Nations Wire for April 8, 1999. It has been posted here as a contrast to the first Trend entry in this IBPP Issue. Two main issues - (1) Possible orthogonality of psychological from legal and moral standards and (2) the reliability and validity of different approaches within the clinical sciences to delineating psychopathology - are considered.

The second part of the document is an April …

Victimization As Causal Factor In Aggression: The Expected Consequences Of Nato Bombing, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes the psychology of victimization as it impacts on North Atlantic Treaty Organization attempts to minimize aggression of the Yugoslavian and Serbian governments towards Kosovar Albanians.

Canada's "Respect Project" Poses Some Questions About Groups, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The article discusses Canada's online Respect Project is mainly concerned with ethical, logical, epistemological, social, and cultural topics. It aims at the integral respect of cultures and persons.

Trends. The Psychology Of War And Peace: Good And Bad Demons In Yugoslavia, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The articles discusses the affects of demonization and war.

Beyond The Study Of The Natural Man: A Gospel Perspective On Human Nature, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew Draper

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Perceptual-Mnemonic Functions Of The Perirhinal Cortex., Murray, Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is widely acknowledged that the perirhinal cortex, located in the ventromedial aspect of the temporal lobe, is essential for certain types of memory in macaque monkeys. For example, removal of the perirhinal cortex yields severe impairments on tests of stimulus recognition and stimulus-stimulus association. There is considerable disagreement, however, about the most accurate way to characterize the function of the perirhinal cortex; some views emphasize a role in perception whereas others posit a role exclusively in declarative memory. In this article, we review recent findings from anatomical, physiological and ablation studies in monkeys, and discuss related findings obtained in …

Regulating In Foresight Versus Judging Liability In Hindsight: The Case Of Tobacco, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Potentially dangerous products, such as cigarettes, can be regulated through ex post liability or ex ante regulation. Both systems should reach the same result. In practice, however, cognitive biases that influence the liability system can produce incentives to take an excess of precautions. In particular, because people tend to see past events as more predictable than they really were, judges and juries will tend to find defendants who took reasonable care negligent or even reckless. As a consequence of these biases, a liability system can be more expensive than a regulatory system, both to potential defendants and to society. Cognitive …

The Relationship Between Selected Environmental Variables And Attrition, Persistence, And Academic Success Of Majority And Minority College Students, Carole J. Woolford-Hunt

Dissertations

Research indicates that college student persistence, attrition, and success is related to the student’s ability to gain academic and social integration into the university community. This theory has guided researchers to explore either the academic or social factors that promote integration. Under the umbrella of social integration exists the underresearched category of environmental factors.

The overall purpose of this study was to identify selected environmental factors that affect minority and majority students’ persistence and success rates in a Midwestern state-run university. The environmental variables of size of college within a larger university, residential versus nonresidential nature of colleges within a …

Determining Cutoff Scores For The Mmpi-2 Substance Abuse Scales For An Inmate Population, Barbara A. Johnston

Dissertations

The current research project examined the psychometric properties of the substance abuse scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2) with an inmate population. The scales of interest included the MacAndrews Alcoholism Scale Revised (MAC-R), the Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS).

A total of 80 subjects were administered the MMPI-2 which resulted in 73 valid profiles. Of the valid profiles, 54 were chemically dependent and 19 were nonchemically dependent inmates. There were no differences between groups in regard to sociodemographic variables.

The data analyses indicated that the AAS and APS are efficient and …

The Effects Of A Combination Of Feedback, Goals, And Consequences On The Performance Of Four Small Businesses, Timothy V. Nolan

Dissertations

Performance measurement approaches such as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) offer a format for attending to a few performance metrics rather than several different performance indicators. While the BSC approach offers a nice format for tracking performance, it does not provide a conceptual framework for improving performance. That framework can be found in Behavioral Systems Analysis. The Total Performance System emphasizes the importance of internal and external feedback in improving performance. Several studies have investigated feedback interventions in organizational settings. The intervention found to be most effective is a combination of feedback, goals, and consequences. The purpose of the current study …

Educational Affirmations For Healthy Self-Esteem- An Exploratory Factor Analysis, Kaye L. Centers

Dissertations

This investigation explored the underlying constructs of Clarke’s Educational Affirmations, a set of 54 statements designed to support the development of healthy self-esteem and the accomplishment of the developmental tasks of the psychosocial stages theorized by Erikson. The Preliminary Educational Affirmations Scale (PEAS), a transformed version of the Educational Affirmations, was devised and administered to 520 community college students. A principal components factor analysis of the results indicates the presence of two main factors that accounted for 28% of the total variance in the data, and offers partial support for the hypothesized factors of worthiness (Being) and competence (Doing).

The …

An Analysis Of Parental And Peer Attachment And Its Determinant Factors: A Test Of Attachment Theory On Malaysian Students At American Universities, Noriah Mohd. Ishak

Dissertations

This study examined the quality of parental and peer attachments among Malaysian students studying at universities in the midwestern region of the United States. The study was conducted in two phases. Two hundred and two students (106 male, 96 female) participated in the first phase of the study, and 8 students (4 male, and 4 female) participated in the second phase of the study. Phase One employed a cross-sectional quantitative design using a self-administered questionnaire [the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden and Greenberg (1987)] and revised by the researcher. This instrument has 53 items that …

Clients' Internal Representations Of Their Therapists, Sarah Knox, Julie L. Goldberg, Susan S. Woodhouse, Clara E. Hill

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Thirteen adults in long-term individual psychotherapy were interviewed regarding their internal representations (defined as bringing to awareness the internalized "image") of their therapists. Results indicated that in the context of a good therapeutic relationship, clients' internal representations combined auditory, visual, and kinesthetic (i.e., felt presence) modalities; were triggered when clients thought about past or future sessions, or when distressed; occurred in diverse locations; and varied in frequency, duration, and intensity. Clients felt positively about their representations and used them to introspect or influence therapy within sessions, beyond sessions, or both. The frequency of, comfort with, and use of clients' internal …

Application Of Differential Outcomes To A Cocaine-Saline Discrimination Procedure: Assessment Of Stimulus Generalization To Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists, Kelly J. Garner

Masters Theses

This study replicated the effects of differential outcomes on the acquisition of a cocaine-saline discrimination in rats and examined whether learning via differential outcomes (DO) influenced stimulus generalization to other drugs. Previous investigations have suggested that the dopamine (DA) D3 receptor subtype may modulate the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Pharmacological compounds which have been identified as having a greater affinity for DA D3 receptors are 7-OH-DPAT and PD 128907. The present study examined whether the DO conditions applied during training had an impact on the generalization of these test compounds. Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate …

Conditional Discrimination And Generalization Of Facial Cues As A Function Of Training Multiple Exemplars With Autistic Preschoolers, Sebastien Bosch

Masters Theses

Individuals with diagnosed autism typically show deficiencies in discrimination of facial cues. The ability to respond to facial expressions was assessed and trained with 3 four-year-old subjects diagnosed with autism. Stimulus presentations involved four different stimulus sets ( cards with stick figure, cards with cartoon figures, and cards with photographs of a man and a woman displaying the emotional expression).

Training consisted of differential reinforcement of correct responses. The experimental design was a multiple baseline across stimulus sets, with generalization probes conducted after mastery level of performance was reached on each stimulus set. Some evidence of generalization was observed on …

Information Search And Creativity: The Role Of Need For Cognition And Personal Involvement, Jody J. Illies

Student Work

The effects of type of personal involvement and need for cognition on information search behaviors and creative problem solving were investigated. It was predicted that participants who are involved through the personal relevancy of the outcome of a problem would engage in more information search behaviors and be more creative than participants who are involved through having their values and morals engaged. It was also predicted that participants high in need for cognition would engage in more information search behaviors and would be more creative than would participants low in need for cognition. Results showed that information search behaviors effectively …

The Effects Of Choice And Ego-Involvement On Confidence Judgments, Jonathan H. Chow

Student Work

Studies on confidence judgments have generally shown that people are overconfident about their abilities or knowledge, and their confidence judgments are not well calibrated. The purpose of this study was to contribute toward a more precise and defensible version of how motivational factors interact with cognitive biases to influence confidence judgments. Review of the effect of choice on confidence judgments suggests an avenue to study the joint effect of motivational factors and cognitive biases on confidence judgments. In particular, the study investigated how motivational factors such as ego-involvement interact with cognitive biases involved in making choices to increase overconfidence in …

The Physical Attractiveness Of One's Rival: A Self- Evaluation Maintenance Perspective, Robin Elizabeth Roy

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present experiment examined women's state body images and reactions of jealousy based on reading scenarios describing a party. The scenario described the woman watching her partner engaging in conversation with either a physically attractive or unattractive woman. Ninety heterosexual female college students completed a pretest packet containing measures that assessed body image evaluation and investment. After a week, they read one of the two scenarios and completed the state body image measure, experiential sampling assessment, jealousy questionnaire„manipulation check, and postexperimental inquiry. As expected, there was more jealousy toward the attractive woman, and more jealousy expressed by those dysfunctionafiy invested …

Transgenerational Attachment, Life Stress, And The Development Of Disruptive Behavior In Preschool Children, Mary Jane Call

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

While a great deal of research focuses on representations of attachment, behavioral disorders, and life stress separately, research integrating these concepts has just recently begun (DeKlyen, 1996). The current study focuses on the links between transgenerational attachment, life stress, maternal psychopathology, and the development of behavior problems in preschool boys. Participants included 52 mothers of preschool boys (Mean Age = 56 months) who attended private preschool (N = 23) or a Head Start Program (N = 29). Participants completed a battery of assessment instruments including the Attachment Style Inventory (ASI) (Sperling & Berman, 1991), the Q-Set (Waters & Deane, 1985), …

Psychological Influencers Of A Consumer's Innovative Propensity: A Cross-Cultural Examination, Angela D' Auria Stanton

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

The purpose of this effort was to focus on measuring the psychological characteristics (specifically perceived risk, dogmatism, fatalism, self esteem, empathy, and cognitive complexity) of the innovative consumer. In order to assess the various relationships and interrelationships that exist in the psychological determinants of innovativeness, a structural modeling approach was employed. The model was also tested in a two country setting in order to determine its robustness cross-culturally. The innovative behavior measure focused on a single domain, the Internet, since innovativeness does not typically overlap across product categories (e.g. Gatignon and Robertson 1985).

Overall, the results of the test of …

The Application Of Role Theory To The Sexual Harassment Paradigm: A Policy Capturing Approach, Lora L. Jacobi

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This research utilized policy capturing techniques to analyze the different factors individuals use when determining sexual harassment. The importance of level of power, verbal behavior, and invasiveness of touch were examined. Additionally, role theory was applied to the sexual harassment paradigm in order to understand how context factors within an organization affect the perception of sexual harassment. Profile analysis was used to determine how the perception of what constitutes harassing behavior is mitigated by one's role in the organization.

Participants were one hundred and five males and one hundred and fifteen females who were either currently employed or employed within …