Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

United States And Indonesian Children's Reports Of Intimacy In Their Same-Sex Friendships: Gender, Developmental, And Cultural Differences, Andrea M. Fosco '00

Honors Projects

Intimacy is one of the primary factors that distinguishes close friends from distant friends and acquiantances. Since intimacy is considered an important aspect of peer friendships, researchers have begun to explore and understand intimacy in greater detail. Intimacy in same-sex peer friendships was assessed in the present study by interviewing fifth graders and eighth graders from Indonesia and the United States. Self-disclosure, emotionally centered behaviors, and activity centered behaviors were included in the present study's conceptualization of intimacy. Gender, developmental, and cultural differences were found in the results. Females mentioned more emotionally centered behaviors in their descriptions of their friends …

Psychosocial Effects Of A Parent-Child Communication Activity On Siblings Of Children With Autism, Caryn Terril '00

Honors Projects

The goal of the project was to decrease the worries of siblings of children with autism through a parent-child communication activity. Other goals of the project were to increase the accuracy of the parent's perception of the child's worries and to increase the quality of parent-child autism specific communication. The perceived effectiveness of the intervention as well as general family communication were also explored. Participants were be recruited through school districts and support groups serving families of children with autism. 15 parents and 16 siblings of children with autism, between the ages of6 1/2 and 13, participated in this study. …

The Global Poverty Of Shame As A Change Agent In Global Poverty, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores the problems in employing shame as a change agent in the political world.

Trends. Abuses Of Child Abuse: Suspecting The Usual Suspects In The World Of Elian Gonzalez, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the concept of child abuse, and expert opinion about it, pertaining to the Elian Gonzalez case. Many different definitions of child abuse were applied to the situation (from differing perspectives) as authorities tried to decide if Gonzalez belonged in Miami, Florida with is "new family," or in Cuba with his father.

The United Nations Review The Psychology Of Sanctions, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes psychological issues in assessing the viability of sanctions before they are affected and then evaluating the consequences of these sanctions.

Cultural Sensitivity As Malign Attribution: The United Nations And Planning For Arms Inspections In Iraq, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a subtext of United Nations (UN) planning for arms inspections in Iraq.

Psychiatric Delusions In The Political World, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes an important shortfall in the most common approach to psychological assessment by mental health professionals.

Parental Stress And Marital Satisfaction In Families Of Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Margaret Merritt Morris

Psychology ETDs

The purpose of the study was to extend the research on families with children with AD/HD by examining parental stress and marital satisfaction among parents of children with AD/HD. The focus of the study was on the perceptions of mothers and fathers of children with AD/HD regarding parental stress and marital satisfaction and the extent to which these perceptions were related to the reported severity of their child's symptoms. In addition, the study examined whether these perceptions and relationships differed for mothers and fathers.

Navigation-Related Structural Change In The Hippocampi Of Taxi Drivers, E A Maguire, D G Gadian, Ingrid Johnsrude, C D Good, J Ashburner, R S Frackowiak, C D Frith

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Structural MRIs of the brains of humans with extensive navigation experience, licensed London taxi drivers, were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects who did not drive taxis. The posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of control subjects. A more anterior hippocampal region was larger in control subjects than in taxi drivers. Hippocampal volume correlated with the amount of time spent as a taxi driver (positively in the posterior and negatively in the anterior hippocampus). These data are in accordance with the idea that the posterior hippocampus stores a spatial representation of the environment …

Modern Parents And Postmodern Adolescents Conflicts And Solutions: A Theoretical Model, Benjamin R. Dobbeck

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The past 30 years has witnessed a dramatic shift in worldview from [he modern m the postmodern. This can be seen everyday in an, architecture, teaching, music- virtually any expressive medium and recent philosophy. The underpinnings for the postmodern shift in culture revolve around 1.hc Lack of absolutes, non-representative language, a new tolerance and diversity for different ideas and beliefs, and a belief that individuals create their own reality in the social context of community. The family is not immune to these culture shifts and is reflecting them in many ways. Parents of the modem era, the era defined by …

"Spiritual Roots Of Ethical Marital Therapy", Wendy Watson Nelson

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

No abstract provided.

Differences In Turnover Intentions Between Exempt And Nonexempt Employees, Robert Ball

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Three a priori models of turnover intentions were tested to investigate differences in turnover intentions for exempt and nonexempt employees. Results of measured variable path analysis failed to differentiate exempt and nonexempt employees in their turnover intentions. Because the a priori models failed to support a distinction between exempt and nonexempt employees, an exploratory analysis was conducted for each employee group to investigate possible differences in turnover intentions. The exempt exploratory model revealed that overall satisfaction, vision and mission, total compensation, job fulfillment, leadership, and culture were significant determinants of turnover intentions. For the nonexempt exploratory model, overall satisfaction, tenure, …

Characteristics Of Empirically-Supported Treatments, William T. O'Donohue, Jeffrey Buchanan, Jane E. Fisher

Psychology Department Publications

This study presents a survey of general characteristics of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) identified by the American Psychological Association Division 12 Task Force on the Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures. Results indicate that the ESTs share the following characteristics: they involve skill building, have a specific problem focus, incorporate continuous assessment of client progress, and involve brief treatment contact, requiring 20 or fewer sessions. Traditional assessment methods, such as intelligence testing, projectives, and objective personality tests such as the MMPI-2, are rarely used in these treatments. Although it is recognized that these findings are in part an artifact of …

Use Your Head: Mathematics As Therapy, Miriam Lipschutz-Yevick

Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal

No abstract provided.

Conscientiousness And The Prediction Of Task Duration: Evidence Of The Role Of Personality In Time Prediction, William Ernest Kelly

Doctoral Dissertations

Accuracy in predicting the duration necessary to complete a task is an important dimension of daily fife. There exists a large degree of variation in an individual's accuracy in predicting task duration. One domain suggested to influence accuracy of predicting duration is that of personality factors and individual differences. Empirical and theoretical links were found in the literature between the personality factor conscientiousness, of the Five Factor Model of Personality, anxiety, and predicting task duration. The purpose of this dissertation was to empirically examine the role of conscientiousness and anxiety in the accurate prediction of task duration. Ninety-five undergraduate students …

Implementation Of Empirically Validated Interventions In Managed Care Settings: The Premarital Relationship Enhancement Program (Prep), Kieran T. Sullivan, Dalia Goldschmidt

Psychology

In an age of managed care, how does the clinician best help couples in marital distress? Do the short-term protocols developed and tested in the laboratory really work in the average clinical setting? This project examined the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a laboratory-based program designed to prevent the development of relationship distress within a health maintenance organization. Both men and women reported high satisfaction with the program and a subjective sense that it was helpful for their relationships. Specific suggestions are made for assisting therapists in using effective treatments for couples in managed care settings.

Heuristics And Biases In The Court: Ignorance Or Adaptation?, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

Date Rape: Assessment Of Facial Emg Arousal And Cue Recognition During Audiotaped Vignettes, Scott Walter Maieritsch

Masters Theses

Introduction

Date Rape

The issue of rape has long attracted considerable attention in the popular press. It has only been within the past three decades, however, that rape has captured the attention of the scientific community as a focus of study. Recent research has challenged the long held beliefs and stereotypes which have characterized the typical rapist as a stranger who violently attacks his victim in public places such as dark alleys and parking lots. There is mounting evidence that women are far more likely to be sexually assaulted by men whom they know, including friends, dates, and lovers (Russell, …

Parental Death And The Impact On Grieving Children: A Comparison Of Homicide Or Suicide And Natural Or Accidental Deaths, Brandy Liebscher

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study examined the impact of parental death by homicide or suicide on child survivors. Two groups representing grieving children who experienced a parental death by homicide or suicide (N = 19) and children who experienced a natural or accidental parental death (N = 19) were compared. Children in the two groups were matched for age and gender. Scores from a screening instrument, developed by William Worden (1996) to identify grieving children at risk for emotional and behavioral difficulties, were used to compare these groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups for the total screener score and …

A Brief Intervention For Promoting Health And Wellness: A Holistic (Multidimensional) Approach Based Upon Principles Of Individual Systems Theory, Wayne Chappelle

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study examined the effects of a 12-week holistic (mult1dimensional) group intervention for promoting health and wellness. A total of 42 young adults (21 males and 21 females) with an average of 18.63 (ill= 1.03) years of age participated in the study. Participants were from a private university in the Pacific Northwest and randomly assigned to: a health-wellness group, a self-help group, and a no-treatment control group. Participants in the self-help group were encouraged to monitor and improve their health in various life dimensions on their own, utilize existing health care resources if necessary, and to report to the researcher …

A Comparison Of Cognitive Restructuring And Systematic Desensitization Techniques For Anger Reduction With An Inmate Population, Lori Ann Diaz

Dissertations

This was a dismantling study comparing the effectiveness of the Cognitive Restructuring (CR) and the Systematic Desensitization (SD) components of Deffenbacher et al.’s (1987, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994) treatment of anger. This study utilized an inmate population in a rural county jail. Each group completed a battery of measures (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory [Spielberger, 1996]; Anger Symptom, and Anger Situation [Hazaleus & Deffenbacher, 1986]) at baseline (5 weeks prior to treatment), pretreatment, and posttreatment. Subjects completed an Anger Log weekly and a Satisfaction measure following treatment. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV: Patient Questionnaire was completed during the baseline period …

Research Into The Relationships Among Multicultural Training, Racial And Gender Identity Attitudes And Multicultural Competencies For Counselors, Debbie Koeltzow

Dissertations

This study explored the relationships among multicultural training, racial identity attitudes, gender identity attitudes, and multicultural competencies in counseling trainees. Two principal research hypotheses were generated. The first generally stated hypothesis was that racial identity and gender identity represent parallel processes for those whose racial and gender identities share a cultural status (minority-minority or majority-majority) and are independent processes for those whose identities do not share a cultural status (minority-majority). The second generally stated hypothesis was that multicultural training predicts racial identity attitudes, gender identity attitudes, and multicultural competencies, and that both racial and gender identity attitudes predict multicultural competencies. …

The Experience Of Interpersonal Forgiveness: An Empirical-Phenomenological Investigation, Halimatun Halaliah Mokhtar

Dissertations

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the lived experience of interpersonal forgiveness of individuals (known as co-researchers) by employing the empirical-phenomenological method. This study aimed at identifying, understanding, and describing the general psychological meaning (Tesch, 1990) or the essences/structures (Moustakas, 1994) of the experience of the phenomenon through the protocols of these individuals. It was also a goal of this study to develop a psychological theory of interpersonal forgiveness.

A two-interview structure was conducted with eight individuals (three males and five females) who had forgiven their significant offending others. The first interview focused on the meaning and …

Development Of Leadership Skills: Experience And Timing, Michael D. Mumford, Michelle A. Marks, American Institutes For Research, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

To develop organizational leaders we need to understand how requisite skills are acquired over the course of people's careers. In this article, a cross-sectional design was used to assess differences in leadership skills across six grade levels of officers in the U.S. Army. Increased levels of knowledge, problem-solving skills, systems skills, and social skills were found at higher grade levels. Certain skills and experiences, however, were found to be particularly important at certain phases of leaders' careers. These findings are used to propose an organization-based model of skill development. Implications of this model for leader development programs are discussed.

The Role Of Amcap And The Amcap Journal: Past, Present And Future: A Conversation With Burton C. Kelly, Phd, Carrie M. Wrigley

Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy

Burton C. Kelly, PhD, has been one of AMCAP's most faithful and fruitful contributors since its earliest years. He served from 1977-1978 as AMCAP's third President, and from 1982- 1987, as Journal Editor, during the journal's most prolific season to date. He has also served in a number of leadership capacities in other professional organizations. He earned a PhD in Human Development and Psychology from the University of Chicago and has served in many Church capacities over the years, including Bishop and Stake Mission President, and has served four full-time missions. Dr. Kelly retired ten years ago from BYU after …

The Use Of A Modified Stroop Task To Assess Attentional Biasing Related To Adult Attachment Classification, Kristie L. Hebert

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Adult attachment styles can be thought of as representational schemata for how an individual interprets other people's actions, relationships, and emotions in close relationships. This study utilized an emotional Stroop task that consisted of different word/letter stimuli to investigate the effect of attentional biasing, in the form of the interference effect, on reaction times. Five measures of adult attachment were used that varied based on whether attachment was categorized or placed on a dimension. Contrary to expectation, insecurely attached individuals did not have longer reaction times on negative stimuli; however, negative word stimuli did cause an interference effect relative to …

The Influence Of National Culture On Crew Resource Management And Team Performance In Aircraft Accident And Incident Reports, Jenny Chia Yi Kuang

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This study explored the influence of national culture on crew resource management (CRM) and team performance. Accident and incident reports involving foreign aircraft were qualitatively analyzed to discover the relationship between three of Hofstede's (1980, 1997) cultural values and the variables of teamwork behaviors, flightcrew task performance, and flightcrew error. The three cultural values used in the analysis were power distance, individualism and collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Low power distance flightcrews exhibited more instances of positive teamwork behaviors, fewer instances of negative teamwork behaviors, fewer instances of error behaviors, and more instances of task performance behaviors than high power distance …

Arousal, Goal Commitment, Goal Difficulty, And Performance, Monica Ann Rickard

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of arousal on commitment to a goal, and secondarily, to test the assumption that more difficult goals result in better performance. It was predicted that arousal would cause research participants to be more committed to a goal, and that those participants assigned a difficult goal would perform better than those participants assigned an easy goal. Research participants were 124 active duty members of the United States Navy stationed at a remote military facility in Cornwall, England. Participants in the arousal group first viewed video clips designed to produce emotional …

Meaning In Sexual Behavior: Associating Personal Constructs With Condom Use, David W. Indest

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Thirty-seven female and 30 male heterosexual undergraduates responded first to vignettes of sexual behavior in which they were asked to describe the partners' behaviors using their own personal constructs and using the researcher-provided constructs safe sex, unsafe sex, intimate, and impersonal; participants then responded to questions about condom use. Sixty-one percent of participants reported using condoms at least 75% of the time, and 64% reported use on last intercourse. Women reported a higher percentage of intercourse without condoms than did men. Within-subject principal components analysis was used to identify the extent to which an individual's personal constructs loaded …

U.S. And Indonesian Children's Descriptions Of Relational Aggression: Gender, Development And Cultural Comparisons, Elizabeth A. Jansen '00

Honors Projects

Previous studies of aggression in childhood have found that boys, as a group, are more aggressive than girls. The majority of these studies, however, focus only on physical aggression. Recently several studies have been conducted that differentiate relational aggression from physical aggression. Relational aggression involves harming others through the purposeful damage to their peer relationships (i.e., spreading rumors or ostracizing a peer from a group activity). Several studies have found sex differences in relational aggression, as well as physical aggression. The present study explores gender, developmental, and cultural differences and similarities in relational, physical, and verbal aggression in US and …