Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

An Analysis Of Protective Factors And The Development Of Resiliency In Ninth And Twelfth Grade Male And Female Students Of A Heterogenous Suburban High School, Frances E. Clemente

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Adult Attachment Styles And Their Relationship To Marital Satisfaction In Couples In First Marriages Of Seven (7) Years Or Longer, Melanie Whiteway

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Family Factors And Self-Esteem In Gifted Versus Nongifted Children, Kevin Enright

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Gender-Related Traits, Sexual Self-Efficacy, Importance Of Relationship And The Relationship To College Women's Condom Use, Elizabeth A. Youmans

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Behavioral Self-Handicapping Among Male And Femal Athletes, Richanne C. Sniezek

Modern Psychological Studies

Self-handicapping is a term used to refer to the strategic creation of obstacles that interfere with successful performance of a task. Self-handicapping allows a person to credit failure to an external cause (the handicap) or to credit success to an internal cause (e.g., ability to overcome an obstacle), thereby protecting self-esteem in either case. The general consensus among researchers has been that women do not behaviorally self-handicap. The goal of the present study is twofold. The first goal is to explore possible paradigms in which females behaviorally selfhandicap. It is proposed that self-handicapping women do choose behavioral handicaps in high …

Ivr Test & Survey: A Computer Program To Collect Data Via Computerized Telephonic Applications, Louis H. Janda, Michael Janda, Eric Tedford

Psychology Faculty Publications

Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of using interactive voice response (IVR) technology to collect self-report data from research participants and recipients of psychological/medical services. IVR allows participants to phone a computer and respond to recorded questions by pressing the appropriate touch-tone keys on their telephone. Because this technology offers substantial benefits in terms of cost and efficiency, it is surprising that it has not been more widely utilized by researchers and practitioners. Along with the automation of the administration and scoring of tests or surveys, IVR provides for questioning to be adapted to the participants' responses. One possible explanation …

Nonlinear Dynamics In Psychology, Stephen J. Guastello

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

This article provides a survey of the applications of nonlinear dynamical systems theory to substantive problems encountered in the full scope of psychological science. Applications are organized into three topical areas – cognitive science, social and organizational psychology, and personality and clinical psychology. Both theoretical and empirical studies are considered with an emphasis on works that capture the broadest scope of issues that are of substantive interest to psychological theory. A budding literature on the implications of NDS principles in professional practice is reported also.

Probabilistic Principles In Unsupervised Learning Of Visual Structure: Human Data And A Model, Shimon Edelman, Benjamin P. Hiles, Hwajin Yang, Nathan Intrator

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

To find out how the representations of structured visual objects depend on the co-occurrence statistics of their constituents, we exposed subjects to a set of composite images with tight control exerted over (1) the conditional probabilities of the constituent fragments, and (2) the value of Barlow's criterion of "suspicious coincidence" (the ratio of joint probability to the product of marginals). We then compared the part verification response times for various probe/target combinations before and after the exposure. For composite probes, the speedup was much larger for targets that contained pairs of fragments perfectly predictive of each other, compared to those …

The Effects Of Misleading Information And Group Discussion On Eyewitness Testimony, Matthew A. Cook

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the present studies was to assess the separate and interactive effects of misinformation and group discussion on eyewitness testimony. In Experiments 1and 2, participants viewed a short video of a simulated robbery and shooting, and were then presented with either neutral or misleading information that was embedded in forced-choice questionnaires in a recognition test. Participants were subsequently randomly assigned to a group-recognition or individual-recognition condition. Groups were instructed to answer questions about details of the video (in Experiment 1 they were instructed to try to reach consensus), while individuals completed the recognition task on their own. Finally, …

The Effect Of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Lithium-Induced Sickness Reactions In Both Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) And The House Musk Shrew (Suncus Murinus), Stephen W.P. Kemp

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The following experiments examined the ability of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to attenuate lithium induced sickness in both the nonemetic rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the emetic house musk shrew (Suncus murinus). The ability of THC to attenuate the expression of previously established lithium induced conditioned sickness behavior in Suncus was also examined. Although unconditioned sickness behavior was displayed by both rats and shrews, THC did not attenuate this behavior in either species. However, THC did attenuate conditioned retching in the Suncus murinus. These results are the first to show the attenuation of conditioned sickness in Suncus by THC. They also experimentally verify …

Errors In Pigeons' Memory For Number: Effects Of Iti And Di Illumination, Christopher W. Hope

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In Experiment 1 all pigeons were trained to discriminate 2 flashes of hopper light in 4 sec from 8 flashes in 4 sec, at a 0 sec delay. One group of pigeons experienced dark lTl’s (Group Dark) while the other experienced an illuminated lTl (Group Light). All birds were then tested with dark delays of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 sec. Analysis showed a significant bias to respond to the comparison correct for small at extended delays, with no difference between groups. In Experiment 2 training was identical to that in Experiment l except that a 5 sec baseline …

Perceptual Cues And Subjective Organization In A Virtual Information Workspace, Todd M. Eischeid

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The key to effectively using the immense body of data on the Internet is an efficient method of organizing relevant information. Researchers and designers are beginning to promote the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) models of information storage and retrieval; however, the potential benefits of perceptual depth cues have not been systematically studied.

The present study used a computer task to examine the effectiveness of three types of virtual desktops. A two-dimensional (2D) virtual desktop display, lacking in the cues that give the illusion of depth, was compared to two different 3D virtual desktops, both of which used perceptual cues to …

The Relationship Between Workplace Absenteeism And Alcohol Use: A Day-To-Day Examination, Susan Kay Mcfarlin

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

This investigation examined the conditional day-to-day relationship between alcohol use and workplace absenteeism among participants (N = 302) employed full-time in one of three large companies located in the northeastern U.S. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather information from employees on their daily use of alcohol and other drugs during a 1-month period. Employees' absenteeism and work injury data during the same target time period were gathered from personnel files residing in the companies' human resources departments. The presence of a current alcohol use disorder also was determined. The following primary hypotheses were tested: (a) there would be a …

Effects Of Organizational Climate, Feedback-Seeking Environment And Innovation Characteristics On The Implementation Of A 360-Degree Feedback System, Simon Alan Bartle

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The present study examined the effects of organizational climate, feedback seeking environment and innovation characteristics on the implementation of a 360-degree feedback system within a large financial holdings company. The effect of user attitudes toward the 360-degree feedback system was also assessed. A sample of responses from 255 360-degree feedback system users was collected over a 14-month time period. LISREL was used to test the hypothesized structural model. Overall goodness of fit for the model was poor (using generalized least squares estimates: the Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = .95, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = .96; Root Mean Square Error of …

Using Systems Perspectives In Supervision, Marilyn J. Montgomery, C. Bret Hendricks, Loretta J. Bradley

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

This article emphasizes the important contributions of systems theory in the supervision process. A case study is used to illustrate how attention to the systemic contexts of the client, the supervisee, and the supervision process itself enlarges the possibilities for helpful change. The unifying themes of many systems theories are identified (diagnosing the system, viewing problems in context, and focusing on systemic change), and techniques for keeping supervision systemically focused are suggested. The usefulness of systems perspectives for conceptualizing diverse cultural influences and for framing advocacy efforts is explored. In addition, the supervision goals of three common systems-based approaches (structural, …

Opportunity Knocks Only Once? Challenging Common Beliefs About Adulthood, Marilyn Montgomery, Camille Debell, Patricia R. Mccarthy, Gerald Parr

Faculty Publications - Graduate School of Counseling

Growth-oriented groups for adults are designed to help individuals learn about themselves for the purpose of making constructive life changes. While the success of such groups always depends to some extent on individual characteristics (e.g., motivation, openness to experience), group success can also be affected by members' beliefs or stereotypes about appropriate age-related behaviour. In this article, proverbs such as Don't change horses mid-stream or Opportunity knocks only once are targeted for discussion by group participants as a means of identifying irrational beliefs, confronting stereotypes, promoting flexible thinking, and examining acceptable adult behaviour.

Discrepancia Entre Padres Y Profesores En La Evaluación De Problemas De Conducta Y Académicos En Niños Y Adolescentes [Discrepancy Between Parents And Teachers In The Evaluation Of Behavior And Educational Problems In Children And Adolescents], Cecilia Montiel-Nava, Joaquín A. Peña

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Introducción. El proceso de evaluación psicológica en niños debe incluir información detallada sobre el funcionamiento y comportamiento del niño en varios ambientes (casa, colegio, recreación). Las diferencias en la información proporcionada por cada una de las fuentes de información puede interpretarse como un reflejo de las divergencias conductuales ocasionadas por los diversos contextos o las interacciones diferenciales entre el niño y quienes informan.
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/="/">Objetivo. Determinar las relaciones existentes entre las valoraciones que dan los padres acerca de las conductas de sus niños, y las que proporcionan los profesores de estos mismos niños.
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/="/">Pacientes y métodos. La …

Relational And Overt Aggression In Middle Childhood: A Comparison Of Hypothetical And Reported Conflicts, Jillian M. Denoma '01

Honors Projects

Following recent research patterns in childhood conflict, the current study examined individual differences and gender trends in conflict resolution styles. Relational and overt aggression were investigated in 31 fourth and fifth graders by use of a multi-method evaluation that included peer and teacher ratings, and hypothetical conflict vignettes and reported conflicts. It was hypothesized that girls would use relational aggression more often than boys and that boys would display overt aggression more often than girls. Teacher and peer measures were convergent in corresponding ratings of overt aggression, but no convergence was apparent for either overt or relational aggression between hypothetical …

A Four Week Intervention Program At Albert Lea Medical Center: An Investigative Study Of Employee Lifestyle Practices, Theresa Thorland

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of a four-week intervention program on the development of healthy lifestyle practices among employees at Albert Lea Medical Center. Specifically, the study was designed to investigate changes in subjects' predicted health risk age after participation in a four-week worksite health promotion program at ALMC. The intervention program consisted of the following wellness components: physical, emotional, occupational, intellectual, spiritual, and social. The study was designed to answer the question of how the "July Challenge" would effect the risk age of each participant.

Health risk appraisals were sent to randomly selected individuals …

Adolescents’ Perceived Notions About Divorce Across Cultures, Dana Lynn Holtz

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Adolescents' perspectives of their parents' divorce were studied to gain an understanding of the impact of parental divorce on adolescents. Subjects from three ethnicities, European-American, Latino-American, and African-American, were recruited by school counselors. Subjects were placed in homogenous groups by ethnicity and two one-and-a-half hour semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed. Transcripts were evaluated by three independent readers, resulting in the identification of eight themes relating to the impact of parental divorce on subjects. Identified themes were (a) general feelings/thoughts about the idea of divorce, (b) impact of divorce on beliefs/ideas about current or …

The Influence Of Family Dynamics On Women’S Pay Expectations, Kelly Kristine Fredericks

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Several reasons for why the gender wage gap exists have been proposed. These include differences in education between men and women, differences in career paths, and bias against women in the workplace. Another potential explanation is that women simply expect to earn less than men do and they enter a job with lower pay expectations than men. This lower pay expectation may result in lower actual pay for women because they will be less likely to engage in pay seeking behaviors, such as asking for higher pay at hire and aggressively seeking raises than men. The present study was done …

The Influence Of Male Gender Role Conflict On Life Satisfaction, Tracey Hancock

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This study examined the relationship between male gender role conflict and life satisfaction, once the effects of both psychological symptoms and recent traumatic life events were accounted for. The study comprised 100 male participants, 50 from a clinical sample and 50 from a non-clinical sample. Participants were aged between 19 and 70. Participants were asked to complete 4 questionnaires: the Gender Role Conflict Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Life Events Questionnaire. Results were obtained using standard and multiple regression analyses. Gender role conflict was found to impact on life satisfaction for both …

The Association Of Food Cravings And Preferences With Food Intake, Corby Kyle Martin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

An ubiquitous assumption about food intake behavior is that people eat the types of foods that they crave and prefer. Food preferences reflect hedonic ratings of the degree to which people like certain foods. The present study investigated the association of food cravings and hedonic ratings with food intake behavior, assessed in the laboratory with a Universal Eating Monitor (Kissileff, Klingsberg, & Van Itallie, 1980). The study sample consisted of 162 adults who completed the Food Craving Inventory (FCI; White, Whisenhunt, Williamson, Greenway, & Netemeyer, 2001), a questionnaire that measures craving, including cravings for specific types of foods (i.e., High …

A Space For Co-Constructing Counter Stories Under Surveillance, María Elena Torre, Michelle Fine, Kathy Boudin, Iris Bowen, Judith Clark, Donna Hylton, Migdalia Martinez, 'Missy', Rosemarie A. Roberts, Pamela Smart, Debora Upegui

Publications and Research

Using our experiences as members of a participatory action research committee (from the City University of New York Graduate Center and the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility) documenting the impact of college in a maximum security prison, this essay illustrates the power of Participatory Action Research in the construction of counter stories. We raise for discussion a set of theoretical, methodological and ethical challenges that emerged from the co-production of counter stories under surveillance: the creation of a critical space for producing 'counter knowledge'; the co-mingling of counter and dominant discourses, the negotiation of power over and within research in prison, …

The Role Of Experience And Active Learning In Web-Based Training For Applying Knowledge, Deborah L. Dunaway

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to test a new method for presenting information on the internet in a format that enhances adaptive learning and transfer to real-world applications. This web-based training method, called Cognitive Toolboxes (Mathews, 2001) involves analyzing course content into goal-based categories (toolboxes) linked to sets of knowledge facets (tools) and applications (cases). Three experiments examined the effects of internet access to different aspects of toolbox content (tools, toolbox names and cases) on subsequent application of the material to real-world problems. Results show that access to the organizational aspects of the method (tools organized into toolboxes) facilitated …

Book Review. Ordinary Resurrections: Children In The Years Of Hope By Jonathan Kozol, Michael Jenuwine, Jane E. Barden

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Older Adults And Anxiety : The Role Of Natural Imagery In Anxiety Reduction, Catherine Griffiths

Theses : Honours

The present study aimed to examine whether visual contact with natural imagery would result in reduced levels of anxiety in older people, when compared with the effects of urban imagery. Thirty-three older adults between the ages of 61 and 91 participated in this study. Thirteen of the participants were male and 20 were female. In a partial replication and extension of the work of Ulrich et al. (1991), the participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups - a nature video group. urban video group or control group. All participants initially completed the state form of Spielberger’s (1983) State-Trait …

Living With Hepatitis C : A Literature Review, & The Physical, Psychological And Social Impacts Of Hepatitis C And The Effects On Quality Of Life, Narelle Cockman

Theses : Honours

Hepatitis C (HCV) is a blood borne virus that affects the liver. It has become one of the most widespread blood borne viruses in Australia, now reaching epidemic proportions within the population. Given that HCV is a chronic long-term illness, with long term effects, a positive diagnosis potentially impacts on various aspects of' a person's life. The aim of this paper was to review HCV related research to examine what it is like for people living with the virus and the possible personal and social impacts of a positive diagnosis. The nature of HCV, including current incidence and prevalence rates, …

Like A Banana Tree : Towards A Model Of Children In Disasters : An Exploration Of An Anthropological Problem, Jennie Anne Ricarda Marten

Theses : Honours

There is currently an emerging literature on the anthropology of disasters, and also an emergent literature on the new anthropology of childhood and children. Despite an extensive search, no significant body of literature on the anthropology of children in natural event based disasters could be found. A central focus of this thesis will be interrogate this gap through a documentary search, to ascertain what factors might influence the absence of children in the anthropology of disasters. To achieve this, the study defines and conceptualizes both the anthropology of disasters and the anthropology of children. Recent research shows that children are …

Psychological Sense Of Community : Adolescents' Response To Exclusion, Sharon J. Van Der Graaf

Theses : Honours

Since modernisation in western society, a number of changes have had a strong influence on the life of Adolescents'. This review examines adolescent development, particularly social role and identity formation, in relation to a changing social environment A brief historical overview is outlined to highlight how economic, political, and social changes have impacted on the development of the life phase, adolescence. The gap between childhood and adulthood is then defined to conceptualise adolescence as a social construction resulting from social changes. Social role and identity formation, and adolescent well-being are then addressed in response to social change. Factors including puberty, …