Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Parenting Stress In Families With Children With Disabilities, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew N. I. Oliver, Mark S. Innocenti

Faculty Publications

Parenting stress is an important variable to consider in families with children with disabilities. This study evaluated 880 such families, using measures of child and family functioning. Results suggest that factors such as income, time available for interaction with the child, and social support predict parenting stress much better than do aspects of child functioning.

Shame, Grace, And Spirituality: A Comparison Of Measures, Jill D. Spradlin

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Shame is a widely studied aspect of human experience; grace, perhaps its counterpart, has so far largely been overlooked. The relationships among shame, grace, and spiritual well-being were explored. A sample of 115 college-aged participants completed the Internalized Shame (Cook, 1987), Grace (Payton, Spradlin, & Bufford, 2000) and Spiritual Well-Being (Ellison, 1983) scales. It was hypothesized that shame would be negatively correlated with grace and spiritual well-being, and that spiritual well-being and grace would be moderately positively correlated.

The Grace Scale had adequate internal consistency and expected correlations with demographic items. There was no effect for gender on the Grace …

Ambiguity As Certainty: Taiwan And Us Military Aid, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article explores assertions as to the consequences of ambiguous versus unambiguous political communication.

Trends. The Nature Of Security Agreements: An Example From The Nuclear Weapons Arena, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the nature of nuclear weapons security agreements, and the surrounding belief systems.

Profiling Racial Profiles: Challenges From Political Discourse, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes problems in evaluating the validity and appropriateness of racial profiles based on reactance with political discourse on such profiles.

The Mind-Body Problem: A Tuberculosis/Tobacco Example, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article illustrates two conflicts between what is, perhaps, best for the mind and best for the body.

Trends. Conflicts About Conflicts Of Interests In National Leaders, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses leaders involved with potential conflicts of interests and the surrounding political controversy.

The Nature Of Selection In A Cohort Of Sixth Graders: Homogeneity Of Children’S Friends And Peer Groups With Regard To School Motivation, Tanya L. Fantaski

Dissertations and Theses

This study suggests that the structure and function of children's peer and friendship groups differ. Participants were an entire cohort of sixth grade students (N = 366) from 13 classrooms in a small upstate New York town. Children reported about peer groups, friendships, and their own (behavioral and emotional) engagement. Binomial z-tests were used to identify the peer group structure across all 13 classrooms. Friendship groups were identified from reciprocal nominations of (a) very best friends, (b) best friends, (c) good friends, and (d) friends also friends in class, in school, and outside of school. Group motivational averages were computed …

Mirror Self-Recognition In The Bottlenose Dolphin: A Case Of Cognitive Convergence, Diana Reiss, Lori Marino

Sentience Collection

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans.

Where Lies The Truth On Lying? Hearings Before The United States Senate Judiciary Committee On "Issues Surrounding The Use Of Polygraphs.", Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article presents several complexities in assessing the validity of the polygraph as lie detector dependent on the construct of a distinctive lie response.

Trends. Diplomacy, Time, And Conflict, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the nature of time in the context of conflict, diplomacy, and conflict resolution.

Psychology And Missile Defense: Again Rising Like A Phoenix, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article identifies several psychological Issues bearing on the latest ballistic missile defense policies of the United States Government.

Profiles Of Racial Profiling: Current Trends, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes very different meanings of the construct racial profiling that are often not adequately identified and parsed in political dialogue.

Trends. An Equal Opportunity For Atrocity, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the possibility of creating profiles for those who commit atrocities.

Echolalia As A Possible Language Tool In Children With Autism, Shauna Rogers

Whittier Scholars Program

The purpose of this project was to explore the possible communicative functions of immediate echolalia in an autistic child. The work of the author is presented along with a review of other research done on echolalia in autistic children. However, for a truly comprehensive understanding of echolalia in autistic children, it must be examined within the context of the disorder itself. Therefore, a broad overview of autism is given first. In this overview, the characteristics of autism are discussed and a general introduction into the theories on causation is provided, along with a review of the language impairments characteristic of …

Is Hypochondria Really A Mental Disorder?, T'Aire Wallace

McCabe Thesis Collection

According to Webster's Dictionary, hypochondria means, a morbid condition characterized by the simulation of the symptoms of any several diseases. Convinced of a grave illness, the hypochondrians may suffer acutely, not only from the symptoms of the presumed disease but also from anxiety." Hypochondria is a mental disorder in which the affected person becomes obsessive about sickness and his health (or supposed lack of it). The person often becomes fearful of illnesses despite proof that he or she does not. Many times small symptoms of a common disease might be mistaken or exaggerated into something more severe (such as someone …

The Relationship Between Social And Emotional Intelligence In Children, Shannon Herring

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The relationship between social and emotional intelligence was investigated. The study sample consisted of 31 females and 28 males who were between the ages of 9 and 12. The student participants completed the Social Skills Rating System-Student Form (SSRS), which assesses social competence, and the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i:YV), which measures emotional intelligence. Parents of the children also completed the Social Skills Rating System-Parent Form for comparison purposes. Both forms of the SSRS yielded statistically significant correlations with the EQ-i:YV. The results indicate that the instruments designed to assess emotional intelligence and social intelligence were highly related. The …

Orientation Programs And Realistic Job Previews: Tactics To Reduce Dysfunctional Turnover, Andrea Glaze

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Two approaches were utilized to reduce turnover in a printing company. First, the orientation program was revised to incorporate tactics from the organizational socialization literature, which indicates that the more socialized employee will report greater levels of satisfaction and commitment, lower intentions to quit, less role ambiguity, and less role conflict. Second, realistic job previews (RJPs) in the form of temporary employment, department tours, and job descriptions were utilized. It was hypothesized that new hires attending the revised orientation program that incorporated socialization tactics and new hires that received a RJP would remain on the job longer than new hires …

The Effect Of Age-Related Stereotypes On Memory Self-Efficacy And Memory Task-Performance Of Older Adults, Brenda Karns

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Forty-six older adults participated in a study to examine the hypothesis that there is a significant association between stereotypes of age-related memory decline and memory self-efficacy beliefs. It was also hypothesized that this relationship affects performance on measures of memory performance. A measure of age stereotype vulnerability was assessed along with two measures of memory self-efficacy, four measures of implicit, explicit, and working memory, and two measures of implicit and explicit sequential learning. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among stereotypes of age, memory self-efficacy, and subsequent performance on various tasks of memory and learning. Emphasis was …

Test-Retest Reliability Of Phonemic Awareness Assessment Instruments Of Kindergarten Students, Lorie Craycroft

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

As a child develops, one of the most critical factors in future success in school is reading ability. The extent to which a child is phonemically aware can predict how well he or she will be able to read. With this in mind, many instruments exist that test for these phonemic awareness skills. The purpose of this research was to examine the test-retest reliability of four phonemic awareness instruments. Six elementary schools in the Bowling Green City School District participated in the study. A total of 152 students in the kindergarten grades of each school were administered the Comprehensive Test …

The Effects Of Attitudes Towards Homosexuality On The Ability To Reason Logically About Homosexuality, Jeanette Myers

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

This researcher examined how participants' attitudes towards homosexuality influenced their ability to reason on logic test items concerning homosexuality. A 64-item logic test was developed to measure distortion in reasoning due to prohomosexual or antihomosexual beliefs (measured by 32 items), while controlling for distortions caused by the truth or falseness of conclusions on nonhomosexual matters (also measured by 32 items). McFarlands' (2000) abbreviated version of the Attitudes Towards Homosexuality Scale (ATH Scale) was administered to directly measure participants' attitudes. The logic test and ATH Scale was administered to 201 undergraduate psychology students. Data analyses showed a significant amount of distortion …

Improvoing Head Start Children's Emergent Literacy And Phonemic Awareness Through Parent Training, Kelli Bradbury

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Typically, research on emergent literacy and phonemic awareness is focused on children older than five years of age. The research clearly suggests that emergent literacy and phonemic awareness skills are precursors for children to learn to read and that low-income children often lack these skills. However, very little research has focused on emergent literacy and phonemic awareness skills of four-year-olds. Another important factor that has been neglected, thus far, is the impact parents may have on their children acquiring these skills. Therefore, this study presents a training program that addresses emergent literacy and phonemic awareness in low income, four-year-old, Head …

Conflict Resolution For Peace: Giving Voice To Young Children, Nancy Alice Grote

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose of the Study. The purμose of the study was to explore six- lo-nine-year-old children's ideas about peace and strategies to resolve conflicts pcaceru\ly. 111 Procedures. Participants in the study were twenty-four first, second, and third graders, twelve girls and tweJve boys, from an urban magnet public school based on the Montessori philosophy. Data were triangulated by three developmentally appropriate activities during semi-structured interviews. Each interview was audio recorded and transcribed into a verbatim transcript. The data were coded and analyzed using the qualitative research computer program, QSR NUD*IST/N4 Classic. Findings. Two themes emerged from the analysis of the data, …

Humor And Leadership: A Gender-Based Investigation Of The Correlation Between The Attribute Of Humor And Effective Leadership, Bonnie S. Bolinger

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was lo dclcnnine if 1hcrc is a correlation between the atlribute of humorous and effective leadership as perceived by subordinates and supervisors and whether it differs by gender. Eleven attributes, including humorous, were identified by a review of the titerature as being those most often associated with effective leaders. Department of Management chai1versons within American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business accredited schools within the United Stales were selected as subjects of the study. Both faculty members reporting to these individuals and the deans of the schools who oversee their work were surveyed. These people …

The Effect Of Individual Counseling On Hope And Its Impact On The Utilization Of Services By Individuals With Hiv Disease, Barry Michael Vesciglio

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The interrelationships of participation in counseling, level of hope, and care service utilization in a sample of individuals with HIV disease was the focus of this study. It was hypothesized that individual counseling would improve an HIV-positive person's level of hope, and would increase participation in additional care services. It was also hypothesized that individuals with more hope would seek a greater number of care services. The Health Status Questionnaire, which contains the Hope Scale, and the Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect data. Participation in individual counseling was not related to level of hope. Additionally, stage of illness …

How Does The Retail Clerk Make Sense Of His Environment, Tyler L. Watson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The retail clerk is a common feature of today's society. However, the role of the retail clerk has been largely overlooked from the sociological perspective. More precisely from the ethnomethodological perspective. Currently most of the body of research on the retail clerk is from the business perspective and sheds little light on what it is like to be a retail clerk. This study was designed to gain access to the other side of the retail scene, that is, the side of the retail clerk. Most Americans are already familiar with the store but do not know how things are experienced …

The Effects Of Experiential Therapy On Adolescent Self-Esteem, Blair Kemp

Graduate Theses

The present study attempted to determine the effects of Experiential Therapy on emotional intelligence and self-esteem in adjudicated males and females aged 13 to 17. Twenty-four individuals participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. It was predicted that participants in the experimental group would display improvements in general self-esteem and emotional intelligence. The individuals in the experimental group received approximately 40 to 45 hours of Experiential Therapy. The control group continued with the normal JCC program. The Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventory 2 (CFSEI-2) and the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (BarOn …

Am I The Leader? Resident Assistant's Assessment Of Roles And Training, Renee J. Bourdeaux

Theses and Dissertations

Students attend colleges and unversities across the nation in the hopes of receiving an education. Campus culture not only educates students academically, but socially as well. Once area that focuses on developinng community skills is the residential department. A Resident Assistant (RA) is a student who works in the residence halls. RAs must understand four skill areas in order to be effective in their job performance: Leadership, communication, administrative, and problem solving. The questions that this thesis will address by surveying RAs are: "How do RAs perceive their roles and training?", "How can training be improved?", and "Is there a …

Inside The Judicial Mind, Chris Guthrie, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, Andrew J. Wistrich

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The quality of the judicial system depends upon the quality of decisions that judges make. Even the most talented and dedicated judges surely commit occasional mistakes, but the public understandably expects judges to avoid systematic errors. This expectation, however, might be unrealistic. Psychologists who study human judgment and choice have learned that people frequently fall prey to cognitive illusions that produce systematic errors in judgment. Even though judges are experienced, well-trained, and highly motivated decision makers, they might be vulnerable to cognitive illusions. We report the results of an empirical study designed to determine whether five common cognitive illusions (anchoring, …

Internalizing Symptoms In Adolescents: Assessment And Relationship To Self-Concept, Sue Ann Dowd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Internalizing disorders cause serious psychological problems for many adolescents. The effects can be both debilitating and long lasting. However, assessment of internalizing disorders has been plagued by limited measurement strategies. Historically, individual measures were developed to assess the narrow-band symptoms that are subsumed under the broad construct of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and social withdrawal). Recently, the Internalizing Symptom Scale for Adolescents has been created. The Internalizing Symptom Scale for Adolescents is a short screening measure that includes newer models of affect such as the tripartite model of affect. Additionally, there has been limited research on the …