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Articles 62881 - 62910 of 73957

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Mother-Child Conversation And Children's Understanding Of Biological And Nonbiological Changes In Size, Jennifer Jipson, Maureen A. Callanan Mar 2003

Mother-Child Conversation And Children's Understanding Of Biological And Nonbiological Changes In Size, Jennifer Jipson, Maureen A. Callanan

Psychology and Child Development

This article explores the ways that mothers and children from primarily middle-income European American backgrounds reason about events in which biological and nonbiological objects change in size. In Study 1, mother–child conversations were examined to investigate the events mothers described as growth, as well as the ways mothers explained events occurring in different domains. Findings indicate that although mothers primarily discussed events in domain-specific ways, they exhibited some domain blurring in their talk to children. In Study 2,3-year-old children (M = 3 years, 2 months) and 5-year-old children (M = 5 years) provided descriptions and explanations of the same events. …

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Applicant Perceptions Of Selection Procedures: The Role Of Selection Information, Belief In Tests, And Comparative Anxiety, Filip Lievens, Wilfried De Corte, Katrien Brysse Mar 2003

Applicant Perceptions Of Selection Procedures: The Role Of Selection Information, Belief In Tests, And Comparative Anxiety, Filip Lievens, Wilfried De Corte, Katrien Brysse

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study addresses the effects of the provision of information on the reliability and validity of selection procedures and the effects of test-taker attitudes (i.e., belief in tests and comparative anxiety) on fairness perceptions. Prior to an actual selection process, applicants (N = 118) were given either information about the reliability and validity of various selection procedures or no information. Next, they evaluated the fairness of eight selection procedures. No significant effect of selection information was found. Belief in tests had significant effects, with applicants high on test belief giving higher fairness ratings than applicants low on test belief. In …

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Treatment- And Cost-Effectiveness Of Early Intervention For Acute Low Back Patients: A One-Year Prospective Study, Robert J. Gatchel, Peter B. Polatin, Carl Noe Mar 2003

Treatment- And Cost-Effectiveness Of Early Intervention For Acute Low Back Patients: A One-Year Prospective Study, Robert J. Gatchel, Peter B. Polatin, Carl Noe

Psychology Faculty Publications - Archive

In an attempt to prevent acute low back pain from becoming a chronic disability problem, an earlier study developed a statistical algorithm which accurately identified those acute low back pain patients who were at high risk for developing such chronicity. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of employing an early intervention program with these high-risk patients in order to prevent the development of chronic disability at a one-year follow-up. Approximately 700 acute low back pain patients were screened for their high-risk versus low-risk status. On the basis of this screening, high-risk patients were …

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Neuropsychological Outcome Following Perinatal Hie: Utility Of Mr Spectroscopy, Joy Michelle Gardner Mar 2003

Neuropsychological Outcome Following Perinatal Hie: Utility Of Mr Spectroscopy, Joy Michelle Gardner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Outcome following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a neurodegenerative process caused by prolonged asphyxiation during birth, can vary between minimal impairment and cerebral palsy, mental retardation, or death (30%) (McCulloch, Taylor, & Whyte, 1991). Prognosis after HIE is often difficult to establish because traditional predictors, such as Sarnat scores, Apgar scores, and pH, do not always account for adequate variance in outcome. The prognostic utility of MR Spectroscopy in the pathogenesis of asphyxia is promising (Wyatt, 1994). Innovative research indicates that MR Spectroscopy can accurately predict outcome at one year in 91% of neonates with central nervous system injuries (Holshouser et al., …

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Analysis Of The Theoretical Relationships Between Work Exhaustion, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention Of Air Force Information Systems Managers, Alfred D. Ray Mar 2003

Analysis Of The Theoretical Relationships Between Work Exhaustion, Job Satisfaction, And Turnover Intention Of Air Force Information Systems Managers, Alfred D. Ray

Theses and Dissertations

The use of information technology has increased exponentially over the last two decades (Cohen and Burton, 2001), Accordingly, the ability of organizations to retain their information systems staff has been a critical factor in the effort to achieve strategic goals (Moore, 2002), When IS professionals leave an organization, not only is the number of them available for assignment to projects depleted, the professionals themselves often take specialized skills, tacit knowledge, and understanding of specific business operations and information systems with them (Agarwal and Ferratt, 2002), Chief Executives have become increasingly interested in issues related to the recruitment, development, and retention …

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Culture Shock Due To Contact With Unfamiliar Cultures, Stephen Bochner Mar 2003

Culture Shock Due To Contact With Unfamiliar Cultures, Stephen Bochner

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

The topic of this chapter is the social psychology of cross-cultural interaction. We discuss the psychological processes that take place during and after meetings between individuals and groups who differ in their cultural backgrounds. We identify two types of cross-cultural contact: a) meetings that occur between two societies when individuals travel from their place of origin to another country for a specific purpose and a limited amount of time, such people being called sojourners in the literature; and b) meetings within multi-cultural societies among its ethnically diverse permanent residents. Contact with culturally unfamiliar people and places can be unsettling, and …

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A Human Error Analysis Of General Aviation Controlled Flight Into The Terrain Accidents Occurring Between 1990-1998, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann Mar 2003

A Human Error Analysis Of General Aviation Controlled Flight Into The Terrain Accidents Occurring Between 1990-1998, Scott A. Shappell, Douglas A. Wiegmann

Publications

Although all aviation accidents are of interest to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), perhaps none is more disconcerting than those in which a fully functioning aircraft is inexplicably flown into the ground. Referred to as controlled flight into terrain (CFIT), these accidents continue to be a major safety concern within aviation, in particular general aviation (GA). A previous study as part of the FAA's Safer Skies agenda examined 165 CFIT accidents using root cause analysis and developed 55 interventions to address their causes. While the study represented the work and opinions of several experts in the FAA and industry, the …

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Experience Sampling: Promises And Pitfalls, Strengths And Weaknesses, Christie N. Scollon, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener Mar 2003

Experience Sampling: Promises And Pitfalls, Strengths And Weaknesses, Christie N. Scollon, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Focuses on experience sampling methodology (ESM) in psychological research. History of ESM; Types of experience sampling; Pros and cons of ESM.

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A Psychologist’S View On And From Iraq, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

A Psychologist’S View On And From Iraq, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses her personal experiences in Iraq in early 2003. Opposed to what she considered "a groundless war and to destructive and largely ineffective sanctions," she saw her trip as an opportunity to observe the social psychological impact of the aforementioned actions on the Iraqi people.

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The “Politically Motivated” Defense: An Example From Paraguay, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

The “Politically Motivated” Defense: An Example From Paraguay, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes and analyzes the construct of a specific defense strategy employed by political leaders against allegations of wrongdoing.

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Finding The Feathers In “Birds Of A Feather”: An Antiterrorist And Counterterrorist Dilemma In Profiling, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Finding The Feathers In “Birds Of A Feather”: An Antiterrorist And Counterterrorist Dilemma In Profiling, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes a significant challenge for intelligence analysts attempting to identify individuals, groups, and organizations that have joined, are joining, or will join forces in terrorist enterprises.

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Announcements, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Announcements, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

IBPP announcements pertaining to reader requests, editor nominations, and relevant conferences, as well as online and print publications.

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Trends. Homeland Security And The Problem Of What Counts, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Trends. Homeland Security And The Problem Of What Counts, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses and evaluates claims that “the Bush Administration’s policies and programs for homeland security…too sparsely [invest] in relevant initiatives.”

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Voices Of School Social Workers, Amanda Hollatz Feb 2003

Voices Of School Social Workers, Amanda Hollatz

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

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Announcements, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Announcements, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

IBPP announcements pertaining to reader requests, editor nominations, and relevant conferences, as well as online and print publications.

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Suicide, Terrorism, And Suicidal Terrorism: Basic Assumptions, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Suicide, Terrorism, And Suicidal Terrorism: Basic Assumptions, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides a statistically deviant perspective (among many self-professed counter terrorism experts) on the novelty and value of suicide, terrorism, and suicidal terrorism.

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Trends. National Security And The United States Government 2004 Federal Budget: Is It Good For Security?, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Trends. National Security And The United States Government 2004 Federal Budget: Is It Good For Security?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses the (under)funding of homeland security and defense in an Executive Branch proposal for the United States Government 2004 federal budget.

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The Pros And Cons Of Fearing Fear: Examples From Venezuela And New York State, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

The Pros And Cons Of Fearing Fear: Examples From Venezuela And New York State, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes consequences of fear for security-related public policy.

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Trends. Personalities, Motivations, And Capabilities: The Iraq-North Korea Distinction, Ibpp Editor Feb 2003

Trends. Personalities, Motivations, And Capabilities: The Iraq-North Korea Distinction, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Trends article discusses and evaluates the handling of public affairs and justifications for military intervention in Iraq by the United States Secretary of State.

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The Undecided Student And Self-Assessment: A Journey Toward Decision, Lucia A. Lawrence Feb 2003

The Undecided Student And Self-Assessment: A Journey Toward Decision, Lucia A. Lawrence

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this single subject study were (a) to create a profile of the undecided student in regard to academic and career direction and (b) to explore the effectiveness of self-assessment tools as aides for the undecided student. An undergraduate student, who voluntarily came to a Career and Academic Planning Center, was chosen based upon (a) her declaration of being undecided regarding the direction of academic and career pursuits and (b) her willingness to explore self-assessment tools. After selection, the student was given (a) a single item questionnaire, to solely determine whether she was decided or undecided regarding career …

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Normative Data On Cognitive Measures Of Depression., David J A Dozois, Roger Covin, Jay K Brinker Feb 2003

Normative Data On Cognitive Measures Of Depression., David J A Dozois, Roger Covin, Jay K Brinker

Psychology Publications

The assessment of cognition and cognitive change is important for case conceptualization, monitoring the efficacy of specific interventions, and evaluating treatment outcome in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Unfortunately, a paucity of normative data exists on cognitive measures used for psychotherapy outcome research in depression, and little information is available to guide a practitioner's understanding of the magnitude and clinical significance of a patient's cognitive change. This article presents normative data on 6 self-report instruments that assess negative and positive automatic thoughts, hopelessness, cognitive biases and errors, and dysfunctional attitudes. Normative data were derived from studies published from the date of inception of …

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The Psychometric Characteristics Of The Hamilton Depression Inventory., David J A Dozois Feb 2003

The Psychometric Characteristics Of The Hamilton Depression Inventory., David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

In this study, the psychometric properties of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (HDI; Reynolds & Kobak, 1995a) were examined in a sample of 249 undergraduate participants. The HDI exhibited high internal consistency and support for its construct validity was demonstrated by the HDI's patterns of correlations with other measures of depression, anxiety, and depression-relevant cognition. Factor analyses of the full (23-item) and 17-item versions of the HDI each yielded 4 factors, which accounted for 49% and 53% of the variance in participants' responses, respectively. The utility of the HDI's use of multiple-weighted subitems was also assessed by comparing a less complicated …

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Constructionisme Social Et Nouvelles Parentalités, Kenneth J. Gergen, A. Robiolio Feb 2003

Constructionisme Social Et Nouvelles Parentalités, Kenneth J. Gergen, A. Robiolio

Psychology Faculty Works

My concern in this paper is with the breakdown in the traditional family structure, and the simultaneous emergence of new patterns of parenthood. Increasingly we find instances of “blended families,” gay and lesbian families, daycare dependent families, grandparent-centered families, “collaborative families,” and more. While family therapists may attempt to restore traditional “family values,” the greater challenge is helping the new family patterns to flourish. In this paper I propose that social constructionist theory provides a useful resource for new ideas and practices relevant to the new parentalities. Social constructionism centers on the way in which our ideas of the real …

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Measuring Personality And Values Across Cultures: Imported Versus Indigenous Measures, Fanny M. Cheung, Shu Fai Cheung Feb 2003

Measuring Personality And Values Across Cultures: Imported Versus Indigenous Measures, Fanny M. Cheung, Shu Fai Cheung

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Cross-cultural studies of personality have shown cultural similarities and differences in the manifestation of personality traits. In interpreting cultural differences in personality traits, we should consider not only the experiences of people in different cultures, but also the measures adopted and the cultural orientations of researchers themselves. In this chapter, we discuss the considerations in adapting an instrument from one culture to another culture. We illustrate the alternative approach of developing an indigenous personality measure in the Chinese culture.

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Culture And Counseling, Clemmont E. Vontress Feb 2003

Culture And Counseling, Clemmont E. Vontress

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Culture is a group's way of life. It is visible and invisible, cognitive and affective, conscious and unconscious, and much more. There are at least five sources of it. They are the universal, ecological, national, regional, and racio-ethnic tributaries. Interactively, they shape and influence all human behavior, including counseling. In this chapter, the ways culture as a whole impacts the counseling relationship, diagnosis, treatment plan, follow-up, and payment is discussed.

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Bilateral Field Advantage And Practice: Implications For Stimulus Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel Feb 2003

Bilateral Field Advantage And Practice: Implications For Stimulus Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

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Handedness And Sex Effects: Bilateral Field Advantage And Task Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel Feb 2003

Handedness And Sex Effects: Bilateral Field Advantage And Task Complexity, Glena Andrews, D. Kadel

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

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Play And The Evolution Of Fairness: A Game Theory Model, Lee Alan Dugatkin, Marc Bekoff Jan 2003

Play And The Evolution Of Fairness: A Game Theory Model, Lee Alan Dugatkin, Marc Bekoff

Ethology Collection

Bekoff [J. Consci. Stud. 8 (2001) 81] argued that mammalian social play is a useful behavioral phenotype on which to concentrate in order to learn more about the evolution of fairness. Here, we build a game theoretical model designed to formalize some of the ideas laid out by Bekoff, and to examine whether ‘fair’ strategies can in fact be evolutionarily stable. The models we present examine fairness at two different developmental stages during an individual’s ontogeny, and hence we create four strategies--fair at time 1/fair at time 2, not fair at time 1/not fair at time 2, fair at time …

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A Single Subject Study On Major Depressive Disorder, Ptsd, And Mild Mental Retardation, Jennifer Yvette Rodriguez Jan 2003

A Single Subject Study On Major Depressive Disorder, Ptsd, And Mild Mental Retardation, Jennifer Yvette Rodriguez

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this single subject study was to compare best practice and normative practice in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Mild Mental Retardation. A client from a community-based agency was used in the study. The client was an African American woman who resided in a low socioeconomic area and whose income was below the poverty line. The client experienced emotional, physical, and psychological abuse and neglect during childhood. She presented with symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, basic coping skills and parenting skills. Outcome data was obtained through interviewing and observations. The treatment consisted …

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Women And Domestic Violence: The Presence Of Internalized Shame In Women Residing In A Crisis Shelter, Joni M. Moon Jan 2003

Women And Domestic Violence: The Presence Of Internalized Shame In Women Residing In A Crisis Shelter, Joni M. Moon

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

This study was implemented in order to ascertain the presence of internalized shame among women residing in a domestic violence crisis shelter. Domestic violence has been determined to be a major social and public health problem for women. Leaving an abusive environment may be difficult due to economic, social, and emotional factors. Women often describe emotional abuse as having more detrimental effects on well-being than physical abuse. Shame is an affect that leads to a negative view of the self and shame-prone women view themselves as deficient and unworthy. A common defense against shame is concealment, therefore it was postulated …

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