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Articles 62371 - 62400 of 73944

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Social Acceptance Of Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome, Rebekah M. Craig Jan 2004

Social Acceptance Of Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome, Rebekah M. Craig

Modern Psychological Studies

Sixty college students from two Biopsychology classes at Central Connecticut State University were presented with one of three scenarios. Scenario one described an adolescent with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) with complex tics, in which he was making obscene gestures, yelling, and screaming out curses in the middle of class. Scenario two described an adolescent with TS with simple tics, in which he was tapping his foot and making loud honking sounds in the middle of class. Scenario three described an adolescent without TS, in which he was not portraying a motor movement or a vocal sound. Students responded …

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Using The Development Of And Differences On Self-Report Measures To Learn Data Analysis, Jonathan W. Amburgey, Donald A. Saucier Jan 2004

Using The Development Of And Differences On Self-Report Measures To Learn Data Analysis, Jonathan W. Amburgey, Donald A. Saucier

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of the current study was to collect data from self-report measures (happiness, extraversion, depression, self-image, and self-esteem) created by laboratory students in conjunction with validated measures of state self-esteem, sensation seeking, and demographic variables that would allow for the reasonable application of a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to learn data analysis. An undergraduate under faculty supervision performed reliability analysis, correlational analysis, independent samples t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and created a multiple regression model to better understand the application and conceptual logic underlying many of the statistical tests …

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The Effect Of Group Size On Social Facilitation And Social Loafing As Measured In Productivity, Anissa Adams, Jenny Counard Jan 2004

The Effect Of Group Size On Social Facilitation And Social Loafing As Measured In Productivity, Anissa Adams, Jenny Counard

Modern Psychological Studies

In recent years, there has been increased awareness in the apparent change of individual behavior when placed in a group. This study was designed to examine the relationship between group size and productivity. All 48 participants took part in each of the three trials. In each trial they were given a word (duct tape, knife or water) and worked as an individual, pair, or group of four to generate uses for that word. It was a prediction of this experiment that individual productivity would increase when the participant worked as a pair. However, it was also expected that the individuals' …

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Adolescent Delinquent Behavior And Well-Being: Family-Peer Linkages, Pallavi D. Visvanathan Jan 2004

Adolescent Delinquent Behavior And Well-Being: Family-Peer Linkages, Pallavi D. Visvanathan

Modern Psychological Studies

Recent acts of aggressive and delinquent behavior have initiated a search for the predictors of adolescent delinquent behavior. Poor psychological well-being could lead to depression, suicide, and apathy which may be related to delinquency. Research indicates that parent influences on well-being influence the quality of peer relationships which then influences delinquent behavior. This review examines direct and interactional influences of aspects of the parent-adolescent and peer relationships on different aspects of adolescent wellbeing and delinquent behavior. Theories/models regarding the linkages between family and peer groups are related to research studies in an attempt to find the most appropriate model. Most …

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Life Experience In Selective Attention, Jacquelyn M. Davis Jan 2004

Life Experience In Selective Attention, Jacquelyn M. Davis

Modern Psychological Studies

This correlational study investigated the role of substance use and experience in selective attention using a modified Stroop color-naming task. Thirty-three individuals completed Adult Substance Use Surveys and a computergenerated Stroop task modified by substituting drug words for color names. The prediction was that level of life disruption would interrupt task performance such that those scoring higher on disruption would display slower reaction times. Results revealed life disruption to be significantly correlated with reaction time. Those scoring highest on the disruption measure exhibited slower Stroop reaction times than those with lower disruption scores. These results suggest that treatment interventions targeting …

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Unfolding The Mystery Of Aggression In Children And Adolescents, Erin Rapien Jan 2004

Unfolding The Mystery Of Aggression In Children And Adolescents, Erin Rapien

Modern Psychological Studies

Since 1996 there have been 17 reported cases of violence in U.S. schools by children ranging in age from 11 to 18. These cases have prompted an increase in research on risk factors and correlates of aggression. A review of this new literature would serve to highlight common findings and explain discrepancies. In this literature review I will discuss family, peer, and community influences as factors in the development of aggression in children. Within each context are several influencing factors that contribute to the development of aggression. I will also discuss possible implications, interventions, and future research needs as well …

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Communication Of Where An Event Occurred By A Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla), Megan L. Hoffman Jan 2004

Communication Of Where An Event Occurred By A Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla), Megan L. Hoffman

Modern Psychological Studies

Episodic-like memory for the "where" component of unique events was examined in an adult gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). The gorilla witnessed a unique event, performed by an experimenter (e.g. watching an experimenter blow bubbles) at one of three locations surrounding his enclosure. After a 4 to 17 minute retention interval, a tester presented the gorilla with photographs of the three locations, which were mounted on wooden cards, and asked the gorilla where the event had occurred. The gorilla communicated his choice by handing a card to the tester and was rewarded if correct. The gorilla was significantly above chance at …

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The Effects Of Aniracetam Treatment On Cognitive Performance And Ampa Receptor Glur2 Subunit Expression After Moderate Fluid Percussion Injury In Rats, Anna Igorevna Baranova Jan 2004

The Effects Of Aniracetam Treatment On Cognitive Performance And Ampa Receptor Glur2 Subunit Expression After Moderate Fluid Percussion Injury In Rats, Anna Igorevna Baranova

Theses and Dissertations

In addition to the acute pathology produced by traumatic brain injury, there are chronic alterations that occur after the trauma, including a depressed state of neuronal activity (Feeney, 1991). This study included a preclinical testing of a novel treatment strategy focusing on increasing neuronal activity during the chronic hypofunctional posttraumatic stage. The present investigation tested the effects of repeated post-injury aniracetam administration on cognitive performance in the Morris water maze (MWM) and on the GluR2 - immunoreactivity and protein expression by Western blot analysis in the hippocampus. The first study examined the optimal dose of aniracetam in the MWM task. …

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Childhood Exposure To Interparental Conflict: Memory Biases And Intergenerational Patterns Of Conflict In Romantic Relationships, Christine A. Nelson Jan 2004

Childhood Exposure To Interparental Conflict: Memory Biases And Intergenerational Patterns Of Conflict In Romantic Relationships, Christine A. Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Testing a model that explains the ways in which interparental conflict shapes later intimate relationships was the goal of the present study. Participants were 94 college students at Virginia Commonwealth University, a large state university with a diverse student body. The study found that violence occurs with alarming frequency in the dating relationships of university students. Analyses also revealed an intergenerational pattern of violence in which individuals from high conflict homes were more likely to use violent conflict resolution strategies in their own adult romantic relationships. Specifically, young adults from homes characterized by high levels of verbal conflict and minor …

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The Social Network And Attachment Bases Of Loneliness, David M. Ouellette Jan 2004

The Social Network And Attachment Bases Of Loneliness, David M. Ouellette

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis tests Robert S. Weiss's 1973 theory of loneliness, which claims two types of loneliness: emotional and social. Emotional loneliness is the affective reaction to the absence of a close attachment bond. Social loneliness stems from inadequate integration into a social network. Undergraduate residents of a university dormitory completed questionnaires on loneliness, attachment, personality, and relationships with other dorm residents. Patterns of relational ties among participants were evaluated using social network analysis, specifically density, tie strength, and four forms of centrality. Results reveal that, while controlling for neuroticism, the network measure of outdegree and the two attachment dimensions accounted …

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An Examination Of The Mechanisms Of Action In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Bulimia Nervosa, Scott A. Baldwin, Diane L. Spangler, W. Stewart Agras Jan 2004

An Examination Of The Mechanisms Of Action In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Bulimia Nervosa, Scott A. Baldwin, Diane L. Spangler, W. Stewart Agras

Faculty Publications

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) has received consid- erable empirical support for its efficacy. However, few investigators have examined the mechanisms proposed to account for the reduction of BN symptoms during CBT. The current study examined the associations between therapist interventions, client mechanisms, and symptoms during treatment in a sample of 56 clients under- going CBT for BN. Results suggested that behavioral interventions were most asso- ciated with symptom change during treatment whereas relational interventions were most associated with change in client mechanisms such as client engagement. Addi- tionally, some changes in BN symptoms were mediated by changes …

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Motivation For Studying Abroad, Wendy M. Buesing Jan 2004

Motivation For Studying Abroad, Wendy M. Buesing

Masters Theses

The motivational factors among students who have completed a study abroad program or who are currently studying abroad were investigated. Several variables were explored including gender, age, major and whether the student was an international student who has studied or is currently studying in the United States from another country or an American student who has studied or is currently studying in another country. Two hypotheses were tested: 1) American students are more likely motivated to study abroad by cultural motives such as sightseeing and gaining awareness about a different culture, and 2) International students are more likely motivated to …

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The Individualized Education Plan: Parental Satisfaction And Involvement, Melissa Habing Jan 2004

The Individualized Education Plan: Parental Satisfaction And Involvement, Melissa Habing

Masters Theses

Little recent research has examined parents' involvement and satisfaction with their child's Individualized Education Plan (IEP). For the current study, parents of children with special needs were surveyed. Out of 1,000 questionnaires mailed out by an agency that provides support to families who have a child with a disability, 348 parents completed and returned the survey. As a result of the parents' written responses, it was determined that 234 (67%) of the children they reported on were boys and 114 (33%) were girls. The age of the children whose parents completed the questionnaire ranged from two to twenty-two. All eligible …

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Distinct Group Differences And Discriminant Validity Of The Adjustment Scales For Children And Adolescents: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Versus Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Kim D. Miller Jan 2004

Distinct Group Differences And Discriminant Validity Of The Adjustment Scales For Children And Adolescents: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Versus Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Kim D. Miller

Masters Theses

The present study examined the distinct group differences and discriminant validity of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA). Participants included 36 children in Kindergarten through eleventh grade. Twenty-seven of the children met DISC-IV I DSM-IV (DSM-IV-TR, 2000) criteria for ADHD, and 9 met criteria for ODD. The participants were classified based on the results of the DISC-IV (Shaffer, Fisher, Lucas, Dulcan & Schwab-Stone, 2000) interview completed with the parent. The referring classroom teacher then completed the ASCA. Results of the present study did not support the distinct group differences and thus the discriminant validity of the ASCA. The …

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Eating Disorder Tendencies And Pathogenic Weight Control Usage In High School Female Athletes, Natasha L. Mcdonald Jan 2004

Eating Disorder Tendencies And Pathogenic Weight Control Usage In High School Female Athletes, Natasha L. Mcdonald

Masters Theses

For many years, eating disorders have become more prevalent in American society. Researchers have recently identified a "new" at risk group, female athletes. The primary purpose of this study was to answer two questions: First, are tendencies toward eating disorders and the use of pathogenic weight control techniques different between female high school athletes and female high school nonathletes? Secondly, among high school female athletes, are tendencies toward eating disorders and the use of pathogenic weight control techniques different between performance sports and traditional sports? Each participant completed a survey packet to gather information on (1) demography including athletic participation, …

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Exploring Balanced Polymorphism Theory: Homosexuality, Personality, And Attractiveness, Rikki Singh Jan 2004

Exploring Balanced Polymorphism Theory: Homosexuality, Personality, And Attractiveness, Rikki Singh

Masters Theses

An evolutionary theory known as balanced polymorphism (Hutchinson, 1959), which accounts for the prevalence of the deadly hereditary disease called sickle cell anemia, may prove to be a possible solution to the evolutionary paradox of homosexuality. The evolutionary advantage supported by the theory may account for the current and future prevalence of homosexuality. The theory works on the basis of a heterozygotic advantage, which is simply the advantage gained by a combination of two extreme genotypes. In this case, the heterozygotic advantage is the personality of a homosexual and the sexual orientation of a heterosexual. To test this theory, forty-eight …

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An Observational Study Of Delivered And Received Aggression, Gender, And Social-Psychological Adjustment In Preschool: Abstract "This White Crayon Doesn't Work ... ", Jamie M. Ostrov, Kathleen E. Woods, Elizabeth A. Jansen Yeh, Juan F. Casas, Nikki R. Crick Jan 2004

An Observational Study Of Delivered And Received Aggression, Gender, And Social-Psychological Adjustment In Preschool: Abstract "This White Crayon Doesn't Work ... ", Jamie M. Ostrov, Kathleen E. Woods, Elizabeth A. Jansen Yeh, Juan F. Casas, Nikki R. Crick

Psychology Faculty Publications

A semi-structured observational study investigated gender differences in delivered and received relational, physical, verbal, and nonverbal aggression in a young preschool sample (N = 60). Findings revealed that gender differences in subtypes of aggression may be apparent as early as 3 years of age. Specifically, girls were found to deliver and receive more relational aggression than males, whereas boys tended, although not significantly, to deliver and significantly received more physical aggression than females. Relational and physical subtypes of delivered and received aggression were differentially associated with preschoolers' social-psychological adjustment.

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Cell Phone Distraction Analysis Of Motor Response In A Simulated Driving Environment, Anusha Ravishankar Jan 2004

Cell Phone Distraction Analysis Of Motor Response In A Simulated Driving Environment, Anusha Ravishankar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Does the use of a cell phone while driving influence the driver's ability to execute a proper turn? Is there difference between genders pertaining to motor skill while driving in a simulated driving environment? To accomplish this task, three groups of ten participants (5 women and 5 men) each were tested using a scripted test scenario focusing on left and right turns. The participants were made to drive through a test scenario to get used to the driving simulator. The scenario for the experimental group was an inner-city training scenario with the presence of vehicular traffic and the main focus …

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Improving Metacomprehension And Learning Through Graduated Concept Mod, Eleni Kring Jan 2004

Improving Metacomprehension And Learning Through Graduated Concept Mod, Eleni Kring

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mental model development, deeper levels of information processing, and elaboration are critical to learning. More so, individuals' metacomprehension accuracy is integral to making improvements to their knowledge base. In other words, without an accurate perception of their knowledge on a topic, learners may not know that knowledge gaps or misperceptions exist and, thus, would be less likely to correct them. Therefore, this study offered a dual-process approach that aimed at enhancing metacomprehension. One path aimed at advancing knowledge structure development and, thus, mental model development. The other focused on promoting a deeper level of information processing through processes like elaboration. …

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The Effects Of Stimulus Motion On Contrast Sensitivity: Dynamic Sensi, Merrill Zavod Jan 2004

The Effects Of Stimulus Motion On Contrast Sensitivity: Dynamic Sensi, Merrill Zavod

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Static Visual Acuity (SVA) has been called into question for some time as a measure of overall visual system function and as a predictor of performance on real-life tasks requiring vision (i.e., operating an automobile). Specifically, it has been pointed out that the targets employed in most SVA testing (high contrast, stationary letters) are an insufficient analog to actual targets encountered in everyday activities, which are often in motion and/or of less-than-perfect contrast. In addition, the size-threshold methodology typically used to measure SVA is incongruent with current theories of a multi-channel visual system. Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) and Contrast Sensitivity …

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Considering Instructional Time And Comprehension Rate When Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Reading Interventions In Classrooms, Kelly E. Thomason Jan 2004

Considering Instructional Time And Comprehension Rate When Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Reading Interventions In Classrooms, Kelly E. Thomason

Masters Theses

The purpose of this investigation was to replicate and extend research done by Daly et al. (1998), which focused on the functional analysis of academic problems. This research examined comprehension and amount of instructional time as dependent variables to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of reading interventions (repeated reading, contingent reinforcement for rapid reading, and listening passage preview). Results suggest that when evaluating increases in oral reading fluency (words read correct per minute), each participant obtained greatest gains using different combinations of interventions. However, when examining instructional time specifically, it becomes clear that the contingent reinforcement and listening passage preview …

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Presenting Issues, Severity Of Problems And Treatment Outcomes Of Asian College Students, Earl Anthony Evangelista Jan 2004

Presenting Issues, Severity Of Problems And Treatment Outcomes Of Asian College Students, Earl Anthony Evangelista

Masters Theses

The current study attempts to add to the limited body of literature on Asian American and Asian international students in counseling. Presenting issues, severity of problems, treatment outcome, and gender interactions of Asian American and Asian international college students were examined and compared to non-Asian college students. Data for this study were obtained from an existing database from an East Coast university counseling center. The overall sample consisted of 209 males and 297 females, all of whom were seeking treatment for the first time at the counseling center. The primary groups of interest were Asian American students (n = …

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The Role Of Mood As A Mediator In Trait-Congruent Cognitive Processing: Does Mood State Mediate The Relationship Between Personality Traits And Judgment?, Janice E. Harewood Jan 2004

The Role Of Mood As A Mediator In Trait-Congruent Cognitive Processing: Does Mood State Mediate The Relationship Between Personality Traits And Judgment?, Janice E. Harewood

Masters Theses

The relationship between affective traits and predictive judgment was investigated using a mediation framework approach to examine whether the current mood state of participants acted as a mediator between traits and judgment. This relationship was examined for anxious trait, anxious mood, and judgment for negative events and for subjective well-being, happy mood, and judgment for positive events. A written scenario and an imaginal procedure were used to create anxious, happy, or neutral moods in participants, and a fourth group received a simple cognitive task. Results showed that the mood inductions were invalid. Given that the correlations necessary to test for …

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The Effects Of Family Functioning And Parent Structure On The Prevalence And Intensity Of Childhood Fears, Rebecca Leis Pederson Jan 2004

The Effects Of Family Functioning And Parent Structure On The Prevalence And Intensity Of Childhood Fears, Rebecca Leis Pederson

Masters Theses

The current study was designed to examine the relation between family factors, such as family functioning and parent structure, and the prevalence and intensity of childhood fears. One hundred and sixteen children in grades 3-12 were surveyed using the Fear Survey Schedule-II. Of the 116 children surveyed, 75 had parents who returned the Self Report Family Inventory and demographic survey. Results indicated that younger, female participants reported fears of greater prevalence and intensity than male participants. Contrary to predictions, neither family functioning or any of its associated factors were found to be related to the prevalence and intensity of childhood …

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Narcissistic Self-Enhancement And Willingness To Seek Feedback On Weaknesses, Jessica J. Dhom Jan 2004

Narcissistic Self-Enhancement And Willingness To Seek Feedback On Weaknesses, Jessica J. Dhom

Masters Theses

In the current study, I investigated the relationship between narcissism level and feedback-seeking behavior. Using a dimensional approach to personality classification, I considered narcissism to be a component of normal personality and measured this construct with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. I also investigated the willingness of narcissistic individuals to view feedback regarding their weaknesses, as well as the relationships between narcissism and different cognitive reactions to favorable and unfavorable feedback. Results indicated that, when given the opportunity, narcissistic people seek favorable feedback that pertains to their strengths, while passing on opportunities to receive feedback regarding their weaknesses. They also react …

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Understanding The Variables Associated With Mathematics Achievement, Kelsie J. Buker Jan 2004

Understanding The Variables Associated With Mathematics Achievement, Kelsie J. Buker

Masters Theses

Mathematics achievement scores on standardized test batteries are a major area of concern in public schools. This study examined the relationships among different variables that may affect mathematics achievement as measured by the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS). Specifically, this study investigated the relationships among gender, mathematics fluency, mathematics accuracy, anxiety toward mathematics, and mathematics composite scores on the ITBS. In addition, the study assessed the effects of gender and anxiety on mathematics achievement as measured by accuracy, fluency, and ITBS math scores. One hundred fourth and sixth grade participants completed the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Anxiety Scale to measure their …

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Current Preschool Screening Practices In Illinois And The Role Of The School Psychologist, Susan M. Kapper Jan 2004

Current Preschool Screening Practices In Illinois And The Role Of The School Psychologist, Susan M. Kapper

Masters Theses

Current preschool screening practices in Illinois and the role of the school psychologist in these practices were investigated. A survey focusing on current screening practices and the role of the school psychologist in the development and implementation of screening programs was developed and sent to 200 randomly selected members of the Illinois School Psychologists Association (ISPA). Results indicate that some consistency in the procedures and administration of preschool screening do exist between programs within the state of Illinois. These consistencies include consensus on the purpose of preschool screening programs, personnel involved in the administration of these programs, assessment tools utilized …

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Transforming Learning Into A Constructive Cognitive And Metacognitive, Haydee Cuevas Jan 2004

Transforming Learning Into A Constructive Cognitive And Metacognitive, Haydee Cuevas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the effectiveness of embedding a guided, learner-generated instructional strategy (query method), designed to support learners' cognitive and metacognitive processes, within the context of a computer-based complex task training environment (i.e., principles of flight in the aviation domain). The queries were presented as "stop and think" exercises in an open-ended question format that asked learners to generate either simple (low-level elaboration) or complex (high-level elaboration) sentences from a list of key training concepts. Results consistently highlighted the benefit of presenting participants with low-level elaboration queries, as compared to the no-query or high-level elaboration queries. In terms of post-training …

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Hostile Member: "How Dare You!", Edward Neukrug Jan 2004

Hostile Member: "How Dare You!", Edward Neukrug

Counseling & Human Services Faculty Publications

[Introduction] Hostility in a group is usually manifested by some kind of blame game. For instance, hostility can be directed at another group member, the group leader(s), a real person in the individual's life, or an imaginary person or event ("It's all my dad's fault! If he was present when I was a kid my life would have turned out so much better"). Hostility can sometimes result in a group member becoming a scapegoat, particularly if more than one group member is focusing anger toward one particular person in the group. Regardless of the type of hostility being expressed, it …

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Übersetzungs- Und Validierung Der Deutschen Version Des "Teenage Inventory Of Social Skills" (Tiss-D) [Translation And Validation Of The German "Teenage Inventory Of Social Skills" (Tiss-G)]., Patrick Pössel, Bettina Häußer Jan 2004

Übersetzungs- Und Validierung Der Deutschen Version Des "Teenage Inventory Of Social Skills" (Tiss-D) [Translation And Validation Of The German "Teenage Inventory Of Social Skills" (Tiss-G)]., Patrick Pössel, Bettina Häußer

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Fragestellung: Eine Reihe von Studien konnte die enge Verbindung zwischen geringer sozialen Kompetenz und psychischen Störungen bei Jugendlichen aufzeigen (z. B. Rudolph & Clark, 2001). Methode: Um das soziale Verhalten von Jugendlichen untereinander erfassen zu können, wurde das „Teenage Inventory of Social Skills“ (TISS) von Inderbitzen & Foster (1992) übersetzt und validiert. Ergebnisse: Die faktorenanalytisch ermittelten Skalen „positives Verhalten“ und „negatives Verhalten“ haben eine Interne Konsistenz von  = .86 und .85. Die Retest-Reliabilität über 13 – 18 Tage beträgt für beide Skalen r = .89. Während sich kein Zusammenhang der Skala „positives Verhalten“ mit den Syndromskalen des „Youth Self-Report“ …

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