Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Relationship Between Cognitive Impairment In Psychiatric Patients And Readmission Rate To An Inpatient Facility, Cherilyn Isis Schuff

Theses and Dissertations

The primary intention of this study was to further understand the impact of assessing cognitive impairment in psychiatric patients, as a mediating factor on readmission rates. Mild cognitive dysfunction impacts a patient’s functional outcomes (Bowie & Harvey, 2006; Davis et al., 2012; Marcantonio, et al., 2001). Little information exists to guide best practices in the treatment of adults with cognitive impairment who are hospitalized for acute conditions (Davis et al., 2012). A cognitive impairment may impact patient prognosis and ability to function outside of a setting focused on stabilization. Neuropsychological testing is a valuable tool in predicting a patient’s cognitive …

Socio-Demographic Risks Affect Executive Functioning, Brittny Rodgers, Nicole Shelley, Hannah B. White, Ph.D

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The goal of study 1 was to see if there was an association between average fixation durations in infants and socio-demographic risk. There were 102 infants (3.5 month old) that participated in the study. While infants were looking at stimuli, the researchers tracked their average fixation durations; their mothers took the socio-demographic risk scale (Rutter, 1979; Sameroff, 2000). This scale shows the mothers cumulative risk score by giving points to mothers based on their socio-demographic circumstances. Mothers received a point if they were, below median maternal education, below median estimated family income, or a racial minority. Results showed that the …

The Association Between Coping-Motivated Drinking And Alcohol-Related Consequences., Jacob D. Salser, Ian A. Mcnamara, Ryan W. Carpenter

Undergraduate Research Symposium

ABSTRACT. Background: College students’ alcohol use is an important topic of research. Past research indicates that people who drink to cope are at a higher risk for alcohol-related consequences compared to other drinking motives (i.e., enhancement, social, or conformity motives). This project aims to analyze drinking motives, specifically the subscales of coping-anxiety motives and coping-depressive motives, and their association with alcohol-related consequences in a unique population. In addition, the moderating effects of stress will be tested.

Methods: The data for this project was collected through a survey that was given to students (N=176) at the University of Missouri …

Hope For The Unhoused: Medical Treatment Access And Retention Among Unhoused Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder In The St. Louis Region, Allison Token

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Medical treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) can be highly effective, but may be particularly difficult to access among individuals who are unhoused. This study investigated how experiencing insecure housing affects the receipt of and retention rates of MOUD among participants in the St. Louis region’s Engaging Patients in Care Coordination (EPICC)—a peer-based program designed to connect people with evidence-based OUD treatment. We hypothesized EPICC clients who were unhoused received MOUD less often than clients who were housed, and that EPICC clients who were unhoused were retained in treatment for shorter periods of time than EPICC clients who were housed. …

Telehealth Treatment For Opioid Use Disorder In Missouri’S Urban And Rural Areas Prior To And Since Covid-19, Aurora Rojo, Rashmi Ghonasgi, Zachary Budesa, Rachel Winograd

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic health condition that can be adequately treated when individuals have access to needed services. Telehealth services can be delivered remotely through audio-visual technological communications rather than in-person visits, which can greatly improve care accessibility. Following the onset of COVID-19, there were swift clinical and policy adaptations to promote telehealth services across medical and behavioral health fields. This study aims to identify changes in the frequency of telehealth for OUD treatment in Missouri’s rural and urban counties prior to and since the onset of COVID-19. Chi-square tests and analysis of changes between years and …

Effects Of Foster Children’S Epigenetics In Abusive Environments, Shamika Ellis, Theresa Moore

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Abstract: Effects of Foster Children’s Epigenetics in Abusive Environments

Shamika Ellis, Theresa A. Moore, Hannah B. White, PhD

This presentation will review the literature on the epigenetics of abused foster children, and the subsequent acute, delayed, and long-term physiological, cognitive, and behavioral effects. One study experimentally investigated the effects of sexual and physical abuse on 150 foster children from 8 to 19 years of age and found post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was diagnosed in 64% of children who experienced sexual abuse and 42% of children who experienced physical abuse Further, of the foster children who had not experienced either form …

Psychopathy & Perceptions Of Control, Amy Kenny

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder characterized by egocentricity, antisocial tendencies, and emotionally insensitive behavior. One trait of psychopathy is a grandiose sense of self-worth, related to positive self-regard and egocentricity. A few studies have shown relationships between psychopathy traits and self-report measures of locus of control. However, less is known about how psychopathy traits, including grandiose self-worth, relate to perceptions of control in the moment using computer-based tasks. This study explored the correlation between psychopathy traits and perceptions of control in undergraduate students. We hypothesized that: (1) overall psychopathy scores would negatively correlate with perceptions of control, and (2) …

Covid-19 Effects On Adolescent Anxiety, Lyndsay Michelle

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Identify effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on adolescents mental health with a focus on anxiety

The Effect Of Caffeine On Bee Behavior: A Progressive Ratio Study, Kayle Cohen, Becky Hansis-O'Neill, Aimee Dunlap Dr

Undergraduate Research Symposium

This presentation focuses on the effect of caffeine on bee behavior using behavioral pharmacology methodologies. Researchers trained bumblebees to drink out of artificial flowers, then administered sucrose nectar or caffeinated sucrose nectar during a schedule of progressive and fixed ratios. The finding suggests that caffeine did increase the number of rewards during the fixed ratio, but not in the progressive ratio. However, research is still ongoing as bees continue to be tested..

The Fentanyl Crisis In The African American Community: Exploring Geographic Differences In Overdose In The St. Louis Region, Tanys Giles, Devin Banks, Rashmi Ghonasgi, Maria Paschke, Rachel Winograd

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The opioid overdose crisis in the United States has disproportionately affected the African American community. These increases are due in part to increased availability of fentanyl in the drug supply. However, little is known about the geographical characteristics of opioid overdose in the post fentanyl era and how it may vary based on neighborhood racial make-up. The current exploratory study investigates the geographic characteristics of opioid overdose in St. Louis City and County from 2016-2021. Data included geographical location of fatal opioid overdose among St. Louis residents (N=3,755). Analyses included examining hotspots (i.e., significantly high clustering) and cold spots (i.e., …

Exploring Best Practices In Umsl’S Collaborative Laboratory Internship And Mentoring Blueprint (Climb) Program, Dakota Warren

Undergraduate Research Symposium

The Collaborative Laboratory Internships and Mentoring Blueprint (CLIMB) was inspired by the University of Missouri–St. Louis and the Jennings School District’s desire to address the opportunity gap among minority students in the St. Louis region. Since its inception in 2015, CLIMB has expanded to meet the needs of local students to reduce the opportunity gap facing disadvantaged local school districts.

2023 Ulm Student Research Symposium Proceedings, Burton Ashworth

Multidisciplinary Psychology: A Journal of Collaboration

This is the results and proceedings from the 2023 ULM Student Research Symposium.

Resisting Internalized Stigma (Ris): Acceptability And Feasibility Of A Cognitive Behavioral Stigma Intervention For Early Psychosis, Francesca Maria Crump

Theses and Dissertations

The clinical high-risk state for psychosis (CHR-P) was created to help identify individuals experiencing early signs of psychosis to help forestall worsening symptoms. CHR-P individuals may experience stigma that may stem from internal or external processes, including from receiving specialized care. Research has demonstrated associations between internalized stigma and psychosocial and functional outcomes, which underscores the need for interventions to help mitigate the impact of stigma while balancing the need for treatment. To date, there is only one stigma intervention specifically designed for individuals designated as CHR-P, which is psychoeducational in nature. Based on the recent call to action that …

Generation Z Predictors Of Attitudes Towards Mental Health Services And Perceptions Of Stress, Dr. Tina Onikoyi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Developing An Instrument To Measure Group Dynamics Awareness: A Mixed Methods Study, John Weng

Dissertations

In a world that is increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous, adaptive leaders are needed more than ever. Based on group relations programs developed by the Tavistock Institute, a pedagogy known as case-in-point has recently been brought to prominence and incorporated into leadership development programs. These methods claim to develop systems thinking and individuals’ leadership capacity with little prior empirical research.

This mixed methods exploratory study explored individual awareness of group dynamics, a key outcome in case-in-point programs, and adaptive leadership theory. The goal was to create an instrument to measure awareness of group dynamics: the Group Dynamics Awareness Questionnaire …

Virtual Reality & Pilot Training: Existing Technologies, Challenges & Opportunities, Tim Marron, Niall Dungan, Brian Mac Namee, Anna Donnla O'Hagan

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The introduction of virtual reality (VR) to flying training has recently gained much attention, with numerous VR companies, such as Loft Dynamics and VRpilot, looking to enhance the training process. Such a considerable change to how pilots are trained is a subject that warrants careful consideration. Examining the effect that VR has on learning in other areas gives us an idea of how VR can be suitably applied to flying training. Some of the benefits offered by VR include increased safety, decreased costs, and increased environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, some challenges ahead for developers to consider are negative transfer of learning, …

Blood Epigenome-Wide Association Studies Of Suicide Attempt In Adults With Bipolar Disorder, Salahudeen Mirza, Camila N C Lima, Alexandra Del Favero-Campbell, Alexandre Rubinstein, Natasha Topolski, Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza, Emese H C Kovács, Hilary P Blumberg, Jenny Gringer Richards, Aislinn J Williams, John A Wemmie, Vincent A Magnotta, Jess G Fiedorowicz, Marie E Gaine, Consuelo Walss-Bass, Joao Quevedo, Jair C Soares, Gabriel R Fries

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Suicide attempt (SA) risk is elevated in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), and DNA methylation patterns may serve as possible biomarkers of SA. We conducted epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation associated with BD and SA. DNA methylation was measured at >700,000 positions in a discovery cohort of n = 84 adults with BD with a history of SA (BD/SA), n = 79 adults with BD without history of SA (BD/non-SA), and n = 76 non-psychiatric controls (CON). EWAS revealed six differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and seven differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between BD/SA and BD/non-SA, with multiple immune-related …

Neuropsychological Malingering Determination: The Illusion Of Scientific Lie Detection, Chunlin Leonhard, Christoph Leonhard

Georgia Law Review

Humans believe that other humans lie, especially when stakes are high. Stakes can be very high in a courtroom, from substantial amounts of monetary damages in civil litigation to liberty or life in criminal cases. One of the most frequently disputed issues in U.S. courts is whether litigants are malingering when they allege physical or mental conditions for which they are seeking damages or which would allow them to avoid criminal punishment. Understandably, creating a scientific method to detect lies is very appealing to all persons engaged in lie detection. Neuropsychologists claim that they can use neuropsychological assessment tests (Malingering …

The Effect Of Pornography On Marriage And Its Societal Impacts: A Neurobiological Perspective, Katie Rose Geer

NEXUS: The Liberty Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

No abstract provided.

An Exploratory Approach To College Student Counterproductivity, Reagan L. Marsh, Justin Travis

University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal

Although counterproductivity (e.g., shirking responsibilities or lying to supervisors) is a focal topic for many industrial/organizational psychologists, the broader social psychology literature has historically focused on more serious and uncommon forms of individual-level deviance, often in terms of its relation to criminal activity or psychopathology. Additionally, sociologists study intentional harmful behaviors that individuals engage in but use the term deviance in lieu of counterproductivity. Regarding students, there has been some work that addresses the more common phenomenon of counterproductivity at school, such as lying to teachers and cheating on tests. Nevertheless, each of these domains, in criminal justice, social psychology, …

Women’S Comfort With Mobile Applications For Menstrual Cycle Self-Monitoring Following The Overturning Of Roe V. Wade, Gabrielle M. Salvatore, Iris Bercovitz, Danielle Arigo

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Background: The overturning of Roe v. Wade in June 2022 has many implications for American women of reproductive age, as well as for researchers focused on women’s health in the United States (U.S.). Personal reproductive health data, such as information collected by menstrual cycle (MC) tracking applications (apps), can now be bought, sold, or accessed by law enforcement to enforce limits on abortion. American women have grown concerned about data privacy and have even deleted MC tracking apps following the overturning of Roe v. Wade. This concern is problematic as these apps may advance our understanding of women’s MC experiences …

The Phenomenology Of Abstract Awe: A Qualitative Study Of Lived Experiences In Psychedelic Virtual Reality, Jacob Spinks

Psychology ETDs

This thesis investigates individuals' experiences with SoundSelf, a virtual reality (VR) program inspired by psychedelic experience, focusing on its capacity to evoke awe and other self-transcendent experiences. Conducted with fifteen participants, the study involved a single VR session followed by in-depth phenomenological interviews. Through a thematic analysis, three primary themes were constructed: (a) emotions and feelings, the good and the bad; (b) non-reflective engagements, directly living experience; and (c) reflective engagements, exploring curiosity and wonder. The findings indicate that while SoundSelf can elicit a wide array of emotions and self-transcendent experiences, it does not consistently induce awe. This research contributes …

Cameroonian Parent And Teacher Perspectives Of Corporal Punishment And Its Psychological Effects On Children, Joan Mbeng Bakia-William

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

When Did I Know Thee? Let Me Count The Months: Retrospective Accounts Of Impression Formation In Close Relationships, Andrew Beer, Leanne Smith

University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal

The current study utilizes relationship models and theories to file down how, why, and when people develop evaluations of others at zero acquaintance. A key aspect of the study is determining the relationship between Big Five traits and judgment accuracy, as well as how it fared over time (2 months). We took a sample of two-hundred and six participants and had them rate a target with closed and open-ended questions and rating scales. We found that Extraversion was the most salient and most accurately judged at zero acquaintance. Further, Neuroticism was noted most often in open-ended questions and only became …

Do Professor Characteristics Influence College Students' Mental Health Disclosure?, Giselle Solorio, Kenneth Barideaux Jr.

University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal

Previous studies have provided some evidence that college students may hesitate to disclose their mental health status because of social stigma; however, more research is needed to identify and understand the factors that influence students’ willingness to disclose. For example, it is unclear how professor characteristics impact the likelihood of disclosure. In the current study we examined whether the gender of the professor (male vs. female) and the professor’s teaching discipline (STEM vs. humanities) affected students' likelihood to disclose a mental health problem. Participants read a fictitious syllabus where the professor was either male or female and taught a chemistry …

Does Having Air Conditioning Affect Friendship Formation In The First Two Months Of College?, Zachariah Hunt

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Hmong Experience With Modern Healthcare Services When Medical Intervention Is Necessary, Kristina Mauk

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Yoga On Affect And Optimism In Adolescents, Philip Allessi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Action-Outcome Delays Modulate The Temporal Expansion Of Intended Outcomes, Rohan R Donapati, Anuj Shukla, Raju S Bapi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The phenomenon of intentional binding pertains to the perceived connection between a voluntary action and its anticipated result. When an individual intends an outcome, it appears to subjectively extend in time due to a pre-activation of the intended result, particularly evident at shorter action-outcome delays. However, there is a concern that the operationalisation of intention might have led to a mixed interpretation of the outcome expansion attributed to the pre-activation of intention, given the sensitivity of time perception and intentional binding to external cues that could accelerate the realisation of expectations. To investigate the expansion dynamics of an intended outcome, …

Effects Of Advertising Employee Resource Groups (Ergs) On Female Applicants’ Intentions To Pursue Employment Through Perceived Organizational Support, Jamie Crites

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

Employee resource groups (ERGs) have existed since the 1960’s to provide additional support for a group of employees within an organization that share a common identity (e.g., gender, race, sexual orientation, veteran status). Gaining in popularity over the past 25 years, they are utilized to drive change and foster diversity management (Welbourne et al., 2017). Organizations have also realized the potential for demonstrating a commitment to diversity to external stakeholders, future applicants, and current employees (Biscoe & Safford, 2010; Friedman & Holtom, 2002). ERGs are unique, thus are difficult to quantify and study empirically. However, given the prevalence of ERGs, …