Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Chronologies Of Carbon And Of Silica: Evidence Concerning The Dating Of The Earliest Human Presence In Northern Australia, Richard Roberts, Richard Jones

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.

Human History Written In Stone And Blood, Zenobia Jacobs, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

Even by archaeological standards, Blombos Cave is a modestly sized shelter. Yet artifacts recovered from just 13 cubic meters of deposit inside transformed our understanding of when our species developed behavioral attributes we associate with “modern” humans. From this cramped hole in a sandstone cliff on the Southern Cape coast of South Africa, Christopher Henshilwood and his colleagues unearthed evidence of symbolic expression, in the form of abstract designs (carved ochre bars) and personal ornaments (shell beads) at least 70,000 years old. That is more than 35,000 years before anything comparable emerged in Europe.

The Celtic Chronologist: Rhys Jones And The Dating Of The Human Colonisation Of Australia, Richard Roberts

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.

Early Human Occupation At Devil's Lair, South-Western Australia, Christian Turney, M Bird, L K Fifield, Richard Roberts, Michael Smith, C Dortch, R. Grun, E Lawson, Linda Ayliffe, G Miller, J Dortch, R Creswell

Richard G Roberts

No abstract provided.

Human Whole-Body Reaching In Normal Gravity And Microgravity Reveals A Strong Temporal Coordination Between Postural And Focal Task Components, Jerome Patron, Paul Stapley, Thierry Pozzo

Dr Paul J Stapley

Previous experiments by our group in normal gravity (1 G) have revealed spatial relationships between postural and focal components of whole-body reaching and pointing movements. We suggested that these relationships could be explained partly through the use of gravity to displace the CoM and attain the object or target position. In this study we compared human whole-body reaching in 1 G and microgravity (0 G) in order to more fully investigate how gravity contributes to strategies adopted for task execution and to determine possible invariant temporal relationships between multiple segments. Whole-body reaching movements made from the standing position in two …

Hd-Cnv: Hotspot Detector For Copy Number Variants., Jenna L Butler, Marjorie Elizabeth Osborne Locke, Kathleen A Hill, Mark Daley

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

SUMMARY: Copy number variants (CNVs) are a major source of genetic variation. Comparing CNVs between samples is important in elucidating their potential effects in a wide variety of biological contexts. HD-CNV (hotspot detector for copy number variants) is a tool for downstream analysis of previously identified CNV regions from multiple samples, and it detects recurrent regions by finding cliques in an interval graph generated from the input. It creates a unique graphical representation of the data, as well as summary spreadsheets and UCSC (University of California, Santa Cruz) Genome Browser track files. The interval graph, when viewed with other software …

Developing Human Capital For Successful Implementation Of International Marine Scientific Research Projects, R J. Morrison, Jing Zhang, E R. Urban, J Hall, V Ittekkot, B Avril, L Hu, G H. Hong, S Kidwai, C B. Lange, V Lobanov, J Machiwa, M L. San Diego-Mcglone, T Oguz, F G. Plumley, T Yeemin, W Zhu, F Zuo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The oceans play a crucial role in the global environment and the sustainability of human populations, because of their involvement in climate regulation and provision of living and non-living resources to humans. Maintenance of healthy oceans in an era of increasing human pressure requires a high-level understanding of the processes occurring in the marine environment and the impacts of anthropogenic activities. Effective protection and sustainable resource management must be based, in part, on knowledge derived from successful research. Current marine research activities are being limited by a need for high-quality researchers capable of addressing critical issues in broad multidisciplinary research …

Cay10593 Inhibits The Human P2x7 Receptor Independently Of Phospholipase D1 Stimulation, A Pupovac, L Stokes, R Sluyter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ATP-gated cation channel important in health and disease. We have observed that the specific phospholipase D (PLD)1 antagonist, CAY10593 impairs P2X7-induced shedding of the 'low affinity' IgE receptor, CD23. The current study investigated the mode of action of this compound on P2X7 activation. Measurements of ATP-induced ethidium+ uptake revealed that CAY10593 impaired P2X7-induced pore formation in human RPMI 8226 B cells, P2X7-transfected HEK-293 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Concentration response curves demonstrated that CAY10593 impaired P2X7-induced pore formation in RPMI 8226 cells more potently than the PLD2 antagonist CAY10594 and the non-specific PLD …

Developing Galleria Mellonella As A Model Host For Human Pathogens, Simon M. Cook, Jason D. Mcarthur

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The larvae of Galleria mellonella (also known colloquially as the wax worm) is increasingly being used as an infection model to study virulence factors and pathogenesis of many prominent bacterial and fungal human pathogens. When compared with traditional mammalian model hosts, invertebrate infection models are cheaper to establish and maintain, are more amenable to high-throughput studies and are not subjected to the same ethical constraints as vertebrates. In addition to these benefits, G. mellonella larvae possess a number of other characteristics which make these organisms particularly useful for the study of human pathogens. Larvae are relatively large in size (12- …

Effect Of Nrf2 Activators On Release Of Glutathione, Cysteinylglycine And Homocysteine By Human U373 Astroglial Cells, Megan L. Steele, Stacey Fuller, Mili Patel, Cindy Kersaitis, Lezanne Ooi, Gerald Munch

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Neurons rely on the release and subsequent cleavage of GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) by astrocytes in order to maintain optimal intracellular GSH levels. In neurodegenerative diseases characterised by oxidative stress, neurons need an optimal GSH supply to defend themselves against free radicals released from activated microglia and astroglia. The rate of GSH synthesis is controlled largely by the activity of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase. Expression of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase and of the Xc- system, which facilitates cystine uptake, is regulated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Compounds that can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, referred to as …

Human P2x7 Receptor Activation Induces The Rapid Shedding Of Cxcl16, Aleta Pupovac, Christopher M. Foster, Ronald Sluyter

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Activation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor by extracellular ATP induces the shedding of cell-surface molecules including the low-affinity IgE receptor, CD23 from leukocytes. CD23 is a known substrate of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)10. The aim of the current study was to determine if P2X7 activation induced the shedding of the chemokine CXCL16, an ADAM10 substrate. Using immunolabelling and flow cytometry we demonstrate that human RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma B cells, which have been previously shown to express P2X7, also express CXCL16. Flow cytometric and ELISA measurements of ATP-induced loss of cell-surface CXCL16 showed that ATP treatment of RPMI 8226 …

A Penile Spine/Vibrissa Enhancer Sequence Is Missing In Modern And Extinct Humans But Is Retained In Multiple Primates With Penile Spines And Sensory Vibrissae, Philip L. Reno, Cory Y Mclean, Jasmine E Hines, Terence D Capellini, Gill Bejerano, David M Kingsley

PCOM Scholarly Papers

Previous studies show that humans have a large genomic deletion downstream of the Androgen Receptor gene that eliminates an ancestral mammalian regulatory enhancer that drives expression in developing penile spines and sensory vibrissae. Here we use a combination of large-scale sequence analysis and PCR amplification to demonstrate that the penile spine/vibrissa enhancer is missing in all humans surveyed and in the Neandertal and Denisovan genomes, but is present in DNA samples of chimpanzees and bonobos, as well as in multiple other great apes and primates that maintain some form of penile integumentary appendage and facial vibrissae. These results further strengthen …

Internet-Based Photoaging Within Australian Pharmacies To Promote Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial, Oksana Burford, Moyez Jiwa, Owen B. Carter, Richard Parsons, Delia Hendrie

Research outputs 2013

Background: Tobacco smoking leads to death or disability and a drain on national resources. The literature suggests that cigarette smoking continues to be a major modifiable risk factor for a variety of diseases and that smokers aged 18-30 years are relatively resistant to antismoking messages due to their widely held belief that they will not be lifelong smokers. Objective: To conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a computer-generated photoaging intervention to promote smoking cessation among young adult smokers within a community pharmacy setting. Methods: A trial was designed with 80% power based on the effect size observed in a …

Polysaccharopeptide Enhances The Anticancer Activity Of Doxorubicin And Etoposide On Human Breast Cancer Cells Zr-75-30, Jennifer Man-Fan Wan, Wai Hung Sit, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

In search of natural bioactive microbial compounds with adjuvant properties, we have previously showed that the polysaccharopeptide (PSP), isolated from Chinese medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, was able to enhance the cytotoxicity of certain S-phase targeted-drugs on human leukemic HL-60 cells via some cell-cycle and apoptotic-dependent pathways. The present study aimed to investigate whether the synergism of mechanisms of PSP with certain chemotherapeutic drugs also applies to human breast cancer. PSP treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Doxo), etoposide (VP-16) but not cytarabine (Ara-C). Bivariate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)/DNA flow cytometry analysis estimated a longer DNA synthesis time (Ts) for the PSP treated …

Human Lens Lipids Differ Markedly From Those Of Commonly Used Experimental Animals, Jane Deeley, Todd W. Mitchell, Xiaojia Wei, Jurgen Korth, Jessica Hughes, Stephen J. Blanksby, Roger J. Truscott

Stephen Blanksby

Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry has allowed the unambiguous identification andquantification of individual lens phospholipids in human and six animal models. Using this approach ca. 100unique phospholipids have been characterised. Parallel analysis of the same lens extracts by a novel directinsertionelectron-ionization technique found the cholesterol content of human lenses to be significantlyhigher (ca. 6 times) than lenses from the other animals.The most abundant phospholipids in all the lenses examined were choline-containing phospholipids. In rat,mouse, sheep, cow, pig and chicken, thesewere present largely as phosphatidylcholines, in contrast 66% of thetotal phospholipid in Homo sapienswas sphingomyelin, with the most abundant being dihydrosphingomyelins,in …

Earthly Indifference And Human Difference - Book Review, Lesley Head

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Inspired by, but also in reaction to the flattened topologies of Latourian relationality, Clark puts forward the notion of radical asymmetry. 'This is the bottom line of human being: we are utterly dependent on an earth and a cosmos that is, to a large degree, indifferent to us' (p. 50). With their disciplinary connection to the physical and natural sciences, geographers arguably need this lesson less than other social scientists. We should have learned it well from geologists who, spending their working lives in deepest time, tend to have a less anthropocentric perspective than others (perhaps accounting for their disproportionate …

The Relationship Between Driving Anxiety And Driving Skill: A Review Of Human Factors And Anxiety-Performance Theories To Clarify Future Research Needs, Joanne Taylor, Frank P. Deane, John Podd

Frank Deane

This article examines theory and identifies gaps in research related to the role of driving skills in driving anxiety. Increasingly, investigators have examined the clinical features of driving anxiety and the more severe situation of driving fear and phobia, but the possible involvement of driving skills has been neglected. This is surprising given the potential implications for skills training and remediation in the assessment and treatment of some of those who experience driving anxiety, fear, and phobia. The largest body of relevant research comes from the driving and human factors literature on the relationship between anxiety and driving performance. The …

Remarkable Resilience Of Teeth (How Are Teeth So Brittle Yet So Resilient), Paul J. Constantino

Biological Sciences Faculty Research

Tooth enamel is inherently weak, with fracture toughness comparable with glass, yet it is remarkably resilient, surviving millions of functional contacts over a lifetime. We propose a microstructural mechanism of damage resistance, based on observations from ex situ loading of human and sea otter molars (teeth with strikingly similar structural features). Section views of the enamel implicate tufts, hypomineralized crack-like defects at the enamel–dentin junction, as primary fracture sources. We report a stabilization in the evolution of these defects, by ‘‘stress shielding’’ from neighbors, by inhibition of ensuing crack extension from prism interweaving (decussation), and by self-healing. These factors, coupled …

Membrane Lipids In Human Lenses And Age, J R. Hughes, J M. Deeley, J -A Seng, S R. Ellis, Stephen J. Blanksby, F Leisch, Roger J. W Truscott, T W. Mitchell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of paper that presented at the XX Biennial Meeting of the International society for Eye Research, 21-25 July, Berlin.

The Human-Clothing Interface: Degrading And Enhancing Thermal Homeostasis, Nigel A.S. Taylor

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Two Contrast Training Programs On Jump Performance In Rugby Union Players During A Competition Phase, C K Argus, N D Gill, J W Keogh, Michael Mcguigan, W G Hopkins

Research outputs 2012

Purpose: There is little literature comparing contrast training programs typically performed by team-sport athletes within a competitive phase. We compared the effects of two contrast training programs on a range of measures in high-level rugby union players during the competition season. Methods: The programs consisted of a higher volume-load (strength-power) or lower volume-load (speed-power) resistance training; each included a tapering of loading (higher force early in the week, higher velocity later in the week) and was performed twice a week for 4 wk. Eighteen players were assessed for peak power during a bodyweight countermovement jump (BWCMJ), bodyweight squat jump (BWSJ), …

Unravelling Some Of The Complexities Concerning The Neural Control Of Human Eccrine Sweating, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, Joanne N. Caldwell, Wilko Van Dijk, Nigel A. S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The widely accepted, though not unequivocal, opinion concerning thermal and psychological (psychogenic) seating is tha the former is cholinergically mediated (Dale & Feldberg, 1934), while the latter is of noradrenergic origin (Robertshaw, 1977). Moreover, psychological sweating is thought to be elicited by a different neural centre (Ogawa, 1975), possibly through separate pathways (Chalmers & Keele, 1952) that exclusively innervate the glabrous (non-hairy) skin of the hands and feet (Darow, 1937, Kuno, 1956, Ogawa, 1975). Evidence for the cholinergic modulation of thermal sweating is incontrovertible. However, evidence supporting the theoretical control of psychological sweating is less than convincing. Following observations of …

Do Non-Cholinergic Efferent Pathways Have A Functional Relevance During The Thermal And Non-Thermal Stimulation Of Human Eccrine Sweat Glands?, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, W Van Dijk, Joanne N. Caldwell, Nigel A. S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Driving Anxiety And Driving Skill: A Review Of Human Factors And Anxiety-Performance Theories To Clarify Future Research Needs, Joanne Taylor, Frank P. Deane, John Podd

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article examines theory and identifies gaps in research related to the role of driving skills in driving anxiety. Increasingly, investigators have examined the clinical features of driving anxiety and the more severe situation of driving fear and phobia, but the possible involvement of driving skills has been neglected. This is surprising given the potential implications for skills training and remediation in the assessment and treatment of some of those who experience driving anxiety, fear, and phobia. The largest body of relevant research comes from the driving and human factors literature on the relationship between anxiety and driving performance. The …

Polysaccharopeptide Enhances The Anticancer Activity Of Doxorubicin And Etoposide On Human Breast Cancer Cells Zr-75-30, Jennifer Man-Fan Wan, Wai Hung Sit, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In search of natural bioactive microbial compounds with adjuvant properties, we have previously showed that the polysaccharopeptide (PSP), isolated from Chinese medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, was able to enhance the cytotoxicity of certain S-phase targeted-drugs on human leukemic HL-60 cells via some cell-cycle and apoptotic-dependent pathways. The present study aimed to investigate whether the synergism of mechanisms of PSP with certain chemotherapeutic drugs also applies to human breast cancer. PSP treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Doxo), etoposide (VP-16) but not cytarabine (Ara-C). Bivariate bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)/DNA flow cytometry analysis estimated a longer DNA synthesis time (Ts) for the PSP treated …

Human Lens Lipids Differ Markedly From Those Of Commonly Used Experimental Animals, Jane Deeley, Todd W. Mitchell, Xiaojia Wei, Jurgen Korth, Jessica Hughes, Stephen J. Blanksby, Roger J. Truscott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry has allowed the unambiguous identification andquantification of individual lens phospholipids in human and six animal models. Using this approach ca. 100unique phospholipids have been characterised. Parallel analysis of the same lens extracts by a novel directinsertionelectron-ionization technique found the cholesterol content of human lenses to be significantlyhigher (ca. 6 times) than lenses from the other animals.The most abundant phospholipids in all the lenses examined were choline-containing phospholipids. In rat,mouse, sheep, cow, pig and chicken, thesewere present largely as phosphatidylcholines, in contrast 66% of thetotal phospholipid in Homo sapienswas sphingomyelin, with the most abundant being dihydrosphingomyelins,in …

Comparison Of The Effects Of Continuous And Pulsed Mobile Phone Like Rf Exposure On The Human Eeg, N Perentos, R J. Croft, R J. Mckenzie, D Cvetkovic, I Cosic

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It is not clear yet whether Global System for Mobiles (GSM) mobile phone radiation has the ability to interfere with normal resting brain function. There have been reports that GSM exposure increases alpha band power, and does so only when the signal is modulated at low frequencies (Huber, R., Treyer, V., Borbely, A. A., Schuderer, J., Gottselig, J. M., Landolt, H.P., Werth, E., Berthold,T., Kuster, N., Buck, A and Achermann, P. Electromagnetic fields, such as those from mobile phones, alter regional cerebral blood flow and sleep and waking EEG. J Sleep Res 11, 289-295, 2002.) However, as that research employed …

Ζωϊκά Και Ανθρώπινα Οστά Στα Αρχαιολογικά Σύνολα. Προβληματική Και Διαχωρισμός, Anastasia Tsaliki

Dr Anastasia Tsaliki, PhD

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Intimin Subtypes Among Escherichia Coli Isolates From Ruminant And Human Sources, Vidiya Ramachandran, Kim Brett, Michael A Hornitzky, Mark Dowton, Karl A Bettelheim, Mark J. Walker, Steven P. Djordjevic

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and some Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli. EPEC is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive STEC isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis. Here we describe the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that reliably differentiates all 11 known intimin types (α1, α2, β, γ, κ, ɛ, η, ι, λ, θ, and ζ) and three new …

Decreased Heat Stability And Increased Chaperone Requirement Of Modified Human Βb1-Crystallins, Kirsten J Lampi, Yung H. Kim, Hans Peter Bachinger, Bruce A. Boswell, Robyn A. Lindner, John A. Carver, Thomas R Shearer, Larry L. David, Deborah M. Kapfer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose: To determine how deamidation and partial loss of the N- and C-terminal extensions alter the heat stability of βB1-crystallin.

Methods: Human lens βB1, a deamidated βB1, Q204E, and αA-crystallins were expressed. Truncated βB1 was generated by proteolytic removal of part of its terminal extensions. The aggregation and precipitation of these proteins due to heating was monitored by circular dichroism and light scattering. The effect of heat on the stability of both monomers and oligomers was investigated. The flexibility of the extensions in wild type and deamidated βB1 was assessed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy.

Results: With heat, deamidated βB1 …