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Economics

1990

Institution
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Articles 301 - 330 of 330

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Unemployment Insurance And Job Search, James C. Cox, Ronald L. Oaxaca Jan 1990

Unemployment Insurance And Job Search, James C. Cox, Ronald L. Oaxaca

ECON Publications

No abstract provided.

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Tax Structure And Tax Compliance, James Alm, Roy W. Bahl, Matthew N. Murray Jan 1990

Tax Structure And Tax Compliance, James Alm, Roy W. Bahl, Matthew N. Murray

ECON Publications

A model of individual tax compliance behavior, including evasion and avoidance, is developed and estimated. The model recognizes the importance of marginal income tax rates, payroll tax contributions and benefits, and the probability of detection and the penalty on unpaid taxes. Share equations for avoidance, evasion and reported income are estimated using individual-level data. The estimation results indicate that the tax base rises with higher benefits for payroll tax contributions and falls with higher marginal tax rates; the base also falls with more severe penalties and more certain detection of evasion as individuals substitute towards avoidance income.

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School Finance Reform And Impact On Property Taxes, Roy W. Bahl, David Sjoquist, W. Loren Williams Jan 1990

School Finance Reform And Impact On Property Taxes, Roy W. Bahl, David Sjoquist, W. Loren Williams

ECON Publications

No abstract provided.

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Jamaica Tax Reform: Evaluation And Lessons, Roy W. Bahl Jan 1990

Jamaica Tax Reform: Evaluation And Lessons, Roy W. Bahl

ECON Publications

No abstract provided.

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Central-Local Fiscal Relations In China, Roy W. Bahl Jan 1990

Central-Local Fiscal Relations In China, Roy W. Bahl

ECON Publications

The tax structure and the system of intergovernmental fiscal relations are inextricably linked in the Chinese fiscal system. The laws of taxation and the powers and responsibilities of the various levels of government are laid down by the central government, and subnational governments are responsible for tax administration, share in revenue collections, and have a substantial amount of latitude in awarding tax preferences to enterprises. The development of the system--perhaps better characterized as a series of arrangements--of tax administration and central/local relations has given provincial and local governments increasing freedom to alter the fiscal system to meet their own objectives. …

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Central-Local Fiscal Relations And Revenue Sharing, Roy W. Bahl Jan 1990

Central-Local Fiscal Relations And Revenue Sharing, Roy W. Bahl

ECON Publications

This annex is about the possibilities and needs for reforming the intergovernmental fiscal system to support the general economic reform in China. In the first section, the norms for deciding on the right amount of fiscal-decentralization and the right structure of local finances are discussed, and the international experience is reviewed. A brief description of the present system of local financing in China, some evidence about its performance, and a review of the problems encountered follows. The final section of the annex presents the broad outlines of the reform options.

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Comments On The Rhetoric Project In Methodology, John B. Davis Jan 1990

Comments On The Rhetoric Project In Methodology, John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Clark A. Warburton (1896-1979), John B. Davis Jan 1990

Clark A. Warburton (1896-1979), John B. Davis

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

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Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom Jan 1990

Back To Work: Testing Reemployment Services For Displaced Workers, Howard S. Bloom

Upjohn Press

Bloom presents findings from the Texas Worker Adjustment Demonstration, a 2,192-person randomized experimental evaluation of reemployment programs for displaced workers conducted at three sites in Texas. This project demonstrated that a relatively inexpensive mix of job-search assistance and limited occupational skills training can be a cost-effective means of assisting displaced workers.

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Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks Collaborator Jan 1990

Two-Tier Compensation Structures: Their Impact On Unions, Employers, And Employees, James Martin, Thomas D. Heetderks Collaborator

Upjohn Press

Martin conducted a study at a large company where its various wage tier systems allowed assessment of the long-term impact of tiers. Part of this study included the development of a survey designed to explore eight research questions related to tiers and to test five hypotheses of low-tier v. high-tier employees.

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Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman Jan 1990

Unemployment Insurance Trust Fund Adequacy In The 1990'S, Wayne Vroman

Upjohn Press

Vroman introduces a model-based approach to the study of UI financing. He creates simulations for several large states in order to examine a series of funding issues, and analyzes the performance of those state's systems. In addition, he presents the regional aspects of UI funding. Vroman concludes with a brief presentation of UI solvency prospects and a description of a possible federal role in enhancing UI fund solvency.

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Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor Jan 1990

Evaluating Social Programs At The State And Local Level: The Jtpa Evaluation Design Project, Ann B. Blalock Editor

Upjohn Press

This book draws upon the JTPA Evaluation Design Project initiated, developed and directed by the Washington State Employment Security Department. The five essays offer practical, instructive guidance about planning and executing program evaluations.

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An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary Jan 1990

An Econometric Analysis Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits Adequacy, Christopher J. O'Leary

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Traditionally studies of unemployment insurance benefit adequacy have relied on an expenditure survey. This is expensive, yields small samples, and presumes that the analyst knows which categories of expenditure are necessary. This paper uses an existing large data set, and an agnostic approach. Labor supply are equations are estimated on PSID data using an estimator which accounts for rationing in the labor market. The results are used to compute labor market constraint compensation for comparison to payments under UI systems of representative states. The results suggest that payments which meet the accepted standard of adequacy would usually slightly overcompensate individuals.

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Utility Function And Fiscal Illusion From Grants, Yeung-Nan Shieh, J. P. O'Brien Jan 1990

Utility Function And Fiscal Illusion From Grants, Yeung-Nan Shieh, J. P. O'Brien

Yeung-Nan Shieh

No abstract provided.

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The Muek-Lek Women's Dairy Project In Thailand, Aruna Rao Jan 1990

The Muek-Lek Women's Dairy Project In Thailand, Aruna Rao

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of SEEDS describes a project that was started in 1985 to encourage the growth of a new agricultural sector, dairy farming, in Thailand. While the major aim of the project was to increase incomes of rural families in the Muek-Lek Land Reform Area in Saraburi Province, Central Thailand, it also sought to integrate women into dairying activities, and offer these women, whether married or single, access to credit. The Muek-Lek Dairy Project is unique in that it channeled government resources and secured commercial bank financing to make women the key participants in a relatively new and growing agricultural …

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La Construcción Colectiva Para Las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando Para El Futuro, Ruth Mcleod Jan 1990

La Construcción Colectiva Para Las Mujeres (The Women's Construction Collective): Edificando Para El Futuro, Ruth Mcleod

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Este número de SEEDS se enfoca en un programa creado para integrar a la mujer de ingresos bajos a la industría de la construcción en Jamaica. En dos años, hubo 34 mujeres que recibieron cursos básicos del programa y de capacitación más avanzados. Más del 90 por ciento de estas mujeres fueron empleadas; la mayoría son carpinteras y albaniles. La historia de cómo se identificó este campo como fuente potencial de ingresos para la mujer, y cómo se desarrolló el proyecto respondiendo a las circunstancias siempre cambiantes, presenta muchas lecciones útiles. Este proyecto será de especial interés para aquellos que …

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Alive And Well: Religious Freedom In The Welfare State, Anita L. Allen Jan 1990

Alive And Well: Religious Freedom In The Welfare State, Anita L. Allen

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Beyond Negotiability: A New Model For Transfer And Pledge Of Interests In Securities Controlled By Intermediaries, Charles W. Mooney Jr. Jan 1990

Beyond Negotiability: A New Model For Transfer And Pledge Of Interests In Securities Controlled By Intermediaries, Charles W. Mooney Jr.

All Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman Jan 1990

The Earned Income Tax Credit: Antipoverty Effectiveness And Labor Market Effects, Saul D. Hoffman, Laurence S. Seidman

Upjohn Press

The authors begin with a detailed assessment then perform empirical analyses to predict the outcomes of changes to the structure of the program.

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The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto Jan 1990

The Japanese Labor Market In A Comparative Perspective With The United States: A Transaction-Cost Interpretation, Masanori Hashimoto

Upjohn Press

This study offers a comparative analysis of a number of Japanese labor market features in relation to the U.S. The author examines employer-employee attachment, workforce adjustment, and industrial relations including "unique" Japanese institutions such as joint consultation and consensus-based decision making. Hashimoto argues that cultural-traditional influences, which shape the transaction-cost environment, interacted with technological progress in shaping the various uniquely-Japanese labor market features.

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Evaluating Corporate Average Fuel Economy Mandates: An Exploratory Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hans G. Schmeits Jan 1990

Evaluating Corporate Average Fuel Economy Mandates: An Exploratory Cost-Benefit Analysis, Hans G. Schmeits

Masters Theses

Vehicle fuel economy has become the object of intense government regulation in the last two decades. In 1975, Congress legislated Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for all new cars produced after the 1978 model year. Today, Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations are being criticized as overly strict in an era of falling gasoline prices. This study provides an assessment of the costs and benefits of the controversial CAFE program and empirically analyzes its effects. The author concludes that the increase in fleet fuel economies, across the line, is approximately what one should have expected given the rise in real …

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The World Trading System: Law And Policy Of International Economic Relations, Lori Fisler Damrosch Jan 1990

The World Trading System: Law And Policy Of International Economic Relations, Lori Fisler Damrosch

Faculty Scholarship

This book serves an important need by providing a clear overview of an increasingly complex subject. The author, a leading figure in international trade law, has distilled his accumulated wisdom into an accessible account of the major features of the world trading system. His intended audience includes not only lawyers, but political scientists, economists, government officials and others as well. While he acknowledges that his own "comparative advantage" is in the legal aspects of the field (p. 6), he places the legal concepts in their political and economic context to write a treatment that will be enlightening to readers from …

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Exiting From The Cold War: Problems Of Economics And Politics, Seymour Melman Jan 1990

Exiting From The Cold War: Problems Of Economics And Politics, Seymour Melman

Clemens Lecture Series

No abstract provided.

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Multinational Corporations And Economic Development In Brazil, Guido B. Klein Jan 1990

Multinational Corporations And Economic Development In Brazil, Guido B. Klein

Masters Theses

In this paper the hypothesis that foreign direct investment by multinational corporations in Brazil was beneficial for Brazil's economic development is being tested. This is done by examining the numerous different consequences of foreign direct investment in Brazil. It is looked at the effects of multinational activities on economic growth and employment, on the balance-of-payments. on distribution of income, and on the composition of gross domestic product. Furthermore, it is focussed on research and development activities of multinationals in Brazil; also the questions whether foreign direct investment contributed to the foreign indebtedness and to inflation are discussed. Finally, it is …

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Testing Oligopolistic And Oligopsonistic Behaviour: An Application To The U.S. Meat-Packing Industry, Azzeddine Azzam, Emilio Pagoulatos Dec 1989

Testing Oligopolistic And Oligopsonistic Behaviour: An Application To The U.S. Meat-Packing Industry, Azzeddine Azzam, Emilio Pagoulatos

Azzeddine Azzam

This paper extends the conjectural approach in industrial organization to the analysis of imperfections in output and factor markets. Starting from the specification of a production function, the econometric analysis is based on the formulation and estimation of a simultaneous-equation model consisting of production function, first-order conditions associated with factor employment, and two conjectural elasticities to parameterize the industry's oligopoly and oligopsony equilibria. As an example, we provide and application to the U.S. meat-packing industry. Our results suggest that the industry exercises market power in both the output (meat) market and the factor (live animal) market.

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Microeconomic Principles In Action, James Whitney, Robert Moore Dec 1989

Microeconomic Principles In Action, James Whitney, Robert Moore

Jim Whitney

No abstract provided.

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Positive Residues Involved In The Voltage-Gating Of The Mitochondrial Porin-Channel Are Localized In The External Moiety Of The Pore, Philadelphia University Dec 1989

Positive Residues Involved In The Voltage-Gating Of The Mitochondrial Porin-Channel Are Localized In The External Moiety Of The Pore, Philadelphia University

Philadelphia University, Jordan

No abstract provided.

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Problematic Relations: Franchising And The Law Of Incomplete Contracts, Gillian K. Hadfield Dec 1989

Problematic Relations: Franchising And The Law Of Incomplete Contracts, Gillian K. Hadfield

Gillian K Hadfield

This paper explores an alternative approach to the analysis of franchise contracts which takes seriously their unavoidable incompleteness. The point of departure is the fundamental insight of relational contracting theory, namely that when a contract is embedded within an identifiable relationship, such as the franchise relationship, contractual obligations are often modified, supplemented or completely supplanted by the norms of the ongoing relation. Thus far, the explication of this insight has been along largely theoretical lines. My objective in this article is to further develop the theoretical analysis of the importance of relational elements in order to fashion operational guidelines for …

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Distribución De La Renta En Un Modelo Sam De La Economía Española, Clemente Polo, David W. Roland-Holst, Ferran Sancho Dec 1989

Distribución De La Renta En Un Modelo Sam De La Economía Española, Clemente Polo, David W. Roland-Holst, Ferran Sancho

Ferran Sancho

A methodology to study income position shifts in response to public policies is introduced and applied to Spanish data.

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Hedonic Prices And Public Goods: An Argument For Weighting Locational Attributes By In Hedonic Regressions By Lot Size, George R. Parsons Dec 1989

Hedonic Prices And Public Goods: An Argument For Weighting Locational Attributes By In Hedonic Regressions By Lot Size, George R. Parsons

George Parsons

No abstract provided.

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