Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Customer Research Helps In Applying Crm For Surviving In Recession, Syeda Rakhshanda Mustafa

Business Review

The purpose of this research paper is to come up with ideas on the, how Customer Relationship Management (CRM) can be used in the most effective and productive manner in order to save companies and minimize the effects of recession. The researcher has tried to focus on those strategies that are best to overcome recession and companies could adopt them in order to overcome downfall and decline in profits. This paper also explores the idea that how helpful is CRM to recover at that time. This research paper is of considerable importance as the world is experiencing global recession and …

International Business Environment Analysis, Sana Khalil

Business Review

This paper presents business environment analysis on the basis of cultural and economic differences. It elucidates the potential conflicts, risks and discusses the business opportunities that lie amid this whirlpool. The cultural differences are analyzed using Hofstede's dimensions and subsequent implications are discussed. It elucidates that the socio-economic differences require the managers to use their discretion while developing business strategies or goods and services for different markets. Since BRICS nations are emerging as potential business markets for firms around the globe and have attracted much attention and debate, I have chosen to present a comparative analysis using BRICS countries and …

Role Of Marketing And Construction In Economic Development: Lessons For Emerging Economies, Low Sui Pheng, Dang Thuy Huong Giang

Business Review

This paper reviews the relationship between marketing, with focus on international marketing, and economic development based on existing theoretical and empirical studies. There have been different stances on the relationship. It is, however, argued that engagement in effective marketing in general and international marketing in particular is much needed for the economic development process in most developing countries. Primary theoretical insights for government policies that support the integration of developing countries into the international market are also discussed in this paper. The paper concludes with an observation that infrastructure support provided by the construction industry is essential for trade to …

G-20 Summit And Debt Crisis Of Europe, Badar Alam Iqbal

Business Review

Europe is under debt threat, facing the biggest crisis of uncertainty. If Euro fails, Europe fails. Since the Second World War, this is the hardest hour for Europe. One of the biggest limitations of global integration of EU is that small and weak countries could not fall in line with strong economies. This crisis is the example in this regard. The recent summit at Cannes has failed in giving concrete solution to the debt crisis especially in case of Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ireland and Spain. The crisis in Greece and ltaly cost the resignations of two popular Prime Ministers. The …

Firm Growth And Industrial Clusters: Implications For Latecomer Developing Countries, Babur Wasim Arif, Sajid Manzoor Asadi

Business Review

In developing countries, traditionally micro and small scale enterprises have remained present since ancient times. Certain regions excelled in production of specific items. The industrial clusters have grown in these regions spontaneously in response to the grown competition. The cluster formation process was informal as the governments in developing countries have not played an adequate role for cluster formation and enterprises’ networking. Due to absence of government leading role in clusters development , the majority of the industrial clusters in developing countries have not been able to enter from the initiation stage to the quality improvement stage with a very …

Financial Development And Firms’ Growth In Textile Industry Of Pakistan: A Panel Data Analysis, Ijaz Hussain

Business Review

This discussion uses secondary data from “Balance Sheet Analysis (2000- 2009) of Joint Stock Companies Listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange published by Statistics Department of State Bank Of Pakistan” and covers a panel of 75 textile firms of textile industry in Pakistan . Findings of this study indicate that all explanatory variables included in our model have significant influence on firms’ growth. Lagged profitability and efficiency and financial development have statistically significant and positive impact on firms’ growth while financial leverage, size, risk, real cost of debt, energy crisis and abolishment of textile quota have negative impact. Acute energy …

Impact Of Exchange Rate Depreciation On Domestic Output In Pakistan, Muhammad Afzal

Business Review

There is disagreement on the desirability of devaluation in the LDCs. Since the de-linking from USA dollar in January 1982, the Pakistan rupee has been losing its value vis-à-vis US dollar and other important currencies. The purpose of the paper was to see the response of domestic output to fiscal and monetary policies besides exchange rate and terms-of-trade. These policies have stable and long- run relationship with the domestic output. However, the impact of money supply and exchange rate is more robust than the other variables. Easy monetary policy has a favourable impact on domestic output. Fiscal discipline is the …

Soziale Marktwirtschaft - Key To Economic Success Or Contradiction In Adiecto, Menno Aden

Business Review

German concept of Soziale Marktwirtschaft (social market economy, hereinafter SMW). A “system” would never explain everything. SMW therefore does not explain it all. But it is widely believed that SMW was the biggest single factor for the recovery of Germany after WW II and her performance ever since. It may be worthwhile to have a closer look at what SMW is about.

International Financial Reporting Standards: A Cautionary Note For Emerging Economies, Khursheed Omer, Darshan Wadhwa

Business Review

Long before the present economic crisis unfolded, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) had been working to achieve harmonization in accounting and financial reporting standards across the globe. Now that the world economic community has become more integrated, cross border flow of capital has gained unprecedented momentum and steps are underway to achieve this goal as early as possible. Initial efforts to harmonize local accounting principles and practices with those followed in developed economies were generally aimed at facilitating foreign multinationals operating in other countries. The desired goal of harmonization now ought to …

Technical, Allocative And Economic Efficiencies In Sugarcane Production In Pakistan: A Non-Parametric Approach, Heman D. Lohano, Adnan Nazir, Ali M. Khushk

Business Review

The objective of this paper is to measure the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies of sugarcane farms in Pakistan. These efficiencies are measured by data envelopment analysis method using the farm level data collected from 333 sugarcane growers of Pakistan in 2008. The results show that the average technical efficiency of the sugarcane farms is 75 percent, the average allocative efficiency is 83 percent, and the average cost efficiency is 62 percent. The results indicate that the sugarcane farms of Pakistan can reduce the costs of production by 38 percent to produce the same level of output by using the …

The Effects Of Corruption On The Nigerian Economy, Ahmed Audu Maiyaki

Business Review

The study aims at examining closely the effects of corruption on Nigerian economy. This is informed by the general belief that the menace of corruption has disastrous consequences not only on the economy but on all sectors of human endeavor. A number of related works were intensively reviewed and both the secondary data and primary data from secondary source were used It was however discovered that corruption has significant effects on the Nigerian economy. In effect, corruption slows growth, leads to inefficient investments in public projects, and slows down foreign investments. Hence, it was recommended that government should ensure that …

Determinants Of Foreign Direct Investment In Services Sector Of Pakistan: An Econometrics Approach, Muhammad Zahid Awan, Khair Uz Zaman, Bakhtiar Khan

Business Review

This study examines the key determinants of FDI inflows in Services sector of Pakistan, using time series data (quarterly) for the period of 1996Q1-2008Q4. To check the stationarity of the data, ADF test has been applied. Co-integration and Error Correction Model (ECM) is used for estimation of the data. This study found that Gross Domestic Fixed Capital formation (GDFCF), Inflation Rate(INF), Current Account Balance(CAB), Exchange Rate (ER), and Per Capita Income (PC) are main factors of FDI inflows in services sector of Pakistan. This study reveals that GDFCF, INF and PC are found statistically significant with positive signs. CAB and …

Comparative Study About English Socio-Economics Factors Of Pakistani Universities Students, Syed Umar Farooq, Iqbal Shah

Business Review

Learning materials written in English language often embarrass our students due to lack of the command over this imported language. As Pakistani Universities curriculum happens in English, therefore, the study will let us know the extent to which University students comprehend written English. This paper will let us know whether different socio-economic factors affect the reading skill of English language. Further it will help the teachers and curriculum developer to look into such factors while teaching or developing English curriculum. It will also help the students to know about their English reading skill and work for its improvement in the …

Paradigmatic Asymmetries Between Economics And Management Discourses As Instrumentalities Of Capitalist Order, Javed Akbar Ansari, Zahid Siddique Mughal

Business Review

This paper contrasts the economics and the management discourse paradigms to identify the purposes these discourses serve in sustaining and reproducing capitalist order The paper begins with an identification of the major characteristics of capitalist order Section 2 and 3 compare and contrast economics and management discourses respectively on the basis of the role they are designed to play in legitimizing and operationalizing capitalist order The concluding section argues that their roles vary in efficacy. Both economics and management provide incomplete justificatory and reformative proposals but this is because capitalism is an inherently conflictive social order always threatened by implosion. …

Pakistan's Growth Experience 1947-2007, Ishrat Hussain

Business Review

Pakistan's growth experience over the past sixty years is both impressive and disappointing. It is impressive because rapid growth rate has resulted in a quadrupling of per capita incomes and reduction in poverty levels by one half despite fairly high population growth. Structural changes have transformed a predominantly agrarian economy to a more diversified production structure. Manufactures account for 80 percent of the country's exports. But there is a sense of disappointment too. Social indicators are among the worst in developing countries. Pakistan ranks 134th among 177 countries in Human Development Index. Income Inequalities, Rural Urban disparities and Gender differentials …

The Development Of Informal Sector Small And Medium Scale Enterprises Through Formation Of Cluster And Networking: A Case Study Based On Sri Lanka And Pakistan, S.W.S.B. Dasanayaka

Business Review

In recent years Pakistan has faced a rapidly growing services sector which has lead some observers to believe that there is a transfer of resources occurring in Pakistan from the tradable to the non-tradable sector, hence causing the Dutch Disease in the economy. However no precise response has been offered on this subject. This paper seeks to provide empirical evidence on the question of the existence of Dutch Disease in Pakistan by using Linda Kamas's model on Dutch Disease. The percentage change in the growth of the tradable and the non-tradable sectors in Pakistan is calculated by using data from …

Factors Affecting Business Success Of Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes) In Bangladesh, Muhammad Aminul Islam, Ejaz Ahmad Mian, Muhammad Hasmat Ali

Business Review

The concepts of cluster and networking emerged in 1960s in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) literature but the formation of SME clusters and networking is a very new strategy for Sri Lanka started in 2001 and Pakistan started in 2003. But it shows some positive sign of growth by increasing competitiveness of SMEs by opening-up new opportunities due to good innovative networking, common facility usage and collective efficiency of economies of scale, scopes and synergies, etc. The problem of many SMEs in both countries is not their size, but being isolated and working in enclave nature, therefore SMEs individually …

Pakistan’S Economy – 1999/2000 – 2007/2008: An Objective Appraisal, Ishrat Husain

Business Review

This article is an attempt to present a dispassionate and objective analysis of the economic situation that attempts to try to sift facts from fiction and myths, separate analysis from emotions, present the strengths and weaknesses of the economy and draw conclusions based on evidence and analysis rather than popular rhetoric and half-truths. As there is a great deal of skepticism about the quality of the official data the sources used in this paper draw upon both internationally and nationally verified and authenticated numbers. At the international level, the IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, UNDP, Merrill Lynch, JP Morgan, …

Economic Reforms And Total Factor Productivity Growth In Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis, Muhammad Sabir, Qazi Masood Ahmed

Business Review

This paper compares the average growth rates in GDP, factor inputs and total factor productivity during pre-reform period 1972-73 to 1987-88 and the reform period 1987-88 to 2001-02 and summarizes the historical patterns. Particular attention is given to assessing the impact of structural adjustment policies on total productivity growth directly and indirectly through other determinants of total factor productivity growth, such as human capital etc.

Training Within Oil And Gas-Based Industries In The State Of Qatar, Hend A. Jolo

Business Review

This research is an exploratory study that investigates training in the state of Qatar. It is carried out with the intention to provide an insight into such a process among national workers in the Oil and Gas-based Industries (OGBI), which is one of the most significant economic sectors in the country. Additionally, the study also endeavors to investigate the training process and its related factors and practices that affects the development of their skills within the industry, such as their educational background, promotion and training incentives. It is found that educational attainment had influenced the Qatari workers' achievement of their …

Research: Pide Policy Viewpoint, Vice Chancellor .

Business Review

RENEW CITIES TO BE THE ENGINES OF GROWTH

PIDE Cities Research Programme was initiated in Karachi with a conference titled Cities: the Engine of Growth on November 15-16, 2006. The conference was held in our largest city and was well-attended by economists, architects, town planners, Nazims, government officials, NGOs, journalists, and other citizens. The discussion was animated and about twenty-five speakers addressed the gathering. All points of view were represented and debated. The main points of the discussion that took place there may be summarised as follows: • All segments of our society are dissatisfied with the current state of …

The Casual Link Between Stock Returns And Trading Volume: Some Evidence From An Emerging Market, Abdul Rashid

Business Review

This paper investigates the dynamic association between daily stock index returns and percentage trading volume changes. To proceed with this, linear and nonlinear Granger causality tests are applied to the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) data. The analysis covers the span of about 5 years with 1266 daily observations. The same methodology is employed for two non-overlapping sub-periods to examine the robustness of the results. Unidirectional linear Granger causality from stock returns to trading volume is observed for the entire sample period and for both the sub-periods as well. The null hypothesis of linear Granger noncausality from percentage volume changes to …

Financial Reforms And Common Stochastic Trends In International Stock Prices: A Case Study Of Pakistan, Mohammed Nishat, Ch. Muhammad Irfan

Business Review

This study uses the co-integration and error-correction techniques to examine the linkages between Pakistan and other capital markets of developed economies (US, UK, Japan, Australia and Canada); regional markets in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka), East Asia (Indonesia, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, Philippines) and EU (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy and Czech) countries. The results indicate a long-run relationship between Pakistani stock market and most of the international markets during the sample period (1997 to 2004). However, the longrun linkages were comparatively stronger with developed and EU markets. The direction of linkages in most cases, are from other regional …

Japan Pakistan Economic Relations: Challenges And Opportunities From Japan’S New Economy, Seiji Kojima

Business Review

I have various reasons to discuss the economic relations between Japan and Pakistan today. First, one of the most important and urgent tasks that the Pakistani Government faces is of course to achieve a robust and stable economic growth, thereby enabling to eradicate poverty from this country. As the largest bilateral donor and a major trade partner of Pakistan, it would be quite natural for Japan to place importance on the economic aspect of the relations with Pakistan. Second, this is an institute of business administration, and I imagine that the audience will show interest in the economic side of …

Towards A Vision 2030: Direction Of Industrial Development In Pakistan, Japan International Cooperation Agency ., International Development Center Of Japan .

Business Review

Pakistan needs to find out ways to promote expansion of the dynamic market economy. This Study attempted to present ways to promote industries, specifically in order to achieve “well-directed economic development” to be broken down into: upgrading of industrial structure, control of the underground economy and proper development of economic infrastructure. In addition, in relation to “building economic clusters, unique to its locality”, concrete recommendations should be presented for the purpose of “well-directed regional development”. The Study selected seven manufacturing sectors – textile, food processing, automobile, electronic & electrical, chemical, housing related and IT industries –, and looked into their …

Socioeconomic Status As A Predictor Of Marital Adjustment In Working Women, Zeenat Ismail, Kausar Ansari

Business Review

The purpose of the present research was to determine the extent to which Socioeconomic Status in Pakistani scenario can predict Marital Adjustment with special reference to working women. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that Marital Adjustment would be more among working women of high Socioeconomic Status as compared to working women of low and middle Socioeconomic Status. Sample of the present research consisted of 150 married working women divided into three groups of subjects each consisting of fifty women. These groups comprised of low, middle and high socioeconomic classes. Dyadic Adjustment Scale was administered in order to measure …

Have We Missed The Rally?, Talib Haider

Business Review

Capital Markets across the world have made many rich and many poor. Though the number of people losing money appears to be somewhat more, this notion simply becomes relative if one looks at it from stock investment perspective, where one loses one day and gains on another.

Why Is A New Index Needed?, Shama Ahmed

Business Review

Stock Market, Indices, Finance

Wavelet Based Sarima Models For Forecasting Natural Gas Demand, S.M. Aqil Burney, Afzal Saleemi, Syed Akhter Raza

Business Review

Time series analysis has attracted a lot of attention of researchers in recent times due to availability of sophisticated computing facilities. In this paper wavelet transformation and seasonal ARIMA methodology have been used to analyze and forecast time series. First we analyze time series data for gas demand of Sui southern Gas Company (SSGC) of Pakistan and forecast with Box-Jenkins SARIMA models then we look at waveletbased multiresolution analysis (MRA) and SARIMA models predictions using the compressed and de-noised signals. With the right choice of mother wavelets, this method is very successful in analyzing and forecasting time series. In the …

Random Walk Tests For Kse-100 Index: Evidence And Implications, Abdul Rashid

Business Review

The variance-ratio tests are used to test the random walk hypothesis for Pakistan’s stock exchange. The evidence indicates that the stock prices generally do not follow random walk over the entire examined period. This piece of evidence is robust during the second sub-period. During the first sub-period, however, the stock prices do not behave non-randomly. The absence of a random walk is implying that profitable trading rules can be devised. The findings also show that the Karachi Stock Exchange falls back to normal after being dramatically affected by a shock.