Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

De La Manipulación De La Esperanza A La Gestión Del Fracaso: La Triste Historia Del Plan Techo, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La magnitud que ha adquirido el problema de la vivienda en el Ecuador es de reciente data, a pesar de que sus raíces tengan una vigencia temporal mucho más remota. La penuria se agudiza ostensiblemente desde la década de los años sesenta en el marco de la modernización capitalista que vive el país. En este contexto vemos desarrollar un proceso sostenido de acumulación capitalista en el sector de la construcción, atribuible principalmente a que la captación de gran parte del ahorro nacional comienza a dirigirse hacía el sistema mutualista en formación; a que se produce una transformación y/o alianza de …

Evolución Del Espacio Urbano Ecuatoriano, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Se revisa someramente la historia urbana del país, a partir de la conquista española, pues allí se inicia la oposición ciudad-campo, con predominio de la primera, Se presentan hipótesis generales sobre el tema que requieren ulterior investigación y se divide el trabajo en dos partes: la primera sobre conceptos teórico-metodológicos, y la segunda los periodos de esta historia con sus rasgos característicos, con especial énfasis en el análisis interurbano.

Evolución Del Espacio Urbano Ecuatoriano, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Con este trabajo pretendemos realizar un recorrido breve y somero de la historia urbana de nuestro país, desde la conquista y la colonización española hasta nuestros días. Lo hacemos a partir de la colonización, española porque consideramos que ella marca el inicio de la separación, por oposición, de la ciudad con el campo. Una oposición que surge desde la ciudad y con predomino sobre el campo; cuestión que permite, desde este momento, el análisis particularizado de la ciudad, como proceso y evolución propia. Y lo hacemos hasta nuestros días por cuanto nos permite, aunque a grosso modo, tener una visión …

El Proceso De Urbanización En El Ecuador (Del Siglo Xviii Al Siglo Xx). -Antología-, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Sin lugar a dudas una de las principales características de la historia del Ecuador en los últimos 30 años es el proceso de urbanización que ha experimentado la sociedad nacional.

El debate sobre los problemas derivados de la urbanización, aunque reciente, se ha venido constituyendo cada vez más en referencia obligada para la reflexión acerca de una temática que en gran medida sigue siendo desconocida.

Esta antología, que en ningún caso se propone agotar el tratamiento del tema, esta dirigida tanto a especialistas, como a estudiantes y público en general interesados en comprender aquellos aspectos relevantes y de mayor interés …

From Mill Town To Mill Town: The Transition Of A New England Town From A Textile To A High-Technology Economy, John Mullin, Jeanne Armstrong, Jean Kavanagh

John R. Mullin

This article describes and analyzes the economic transformation of Maynard, Massachusetts. Located twenty-six miles west of Boston, Maynard was the home of the world's largest woolen mill. In 1950 the mill closed and 1,200 jobs were lost. During the next ten years, the town gradually recovered as the mill became the home of several innovative companies. Ultimately, the mill became the headquarters for the world's largest manufacturer of minicomputers. The circle is now complete: the mill is full and houses a company that claims a "world's largest" designation. The article analyses the rise and fall of the American Woolen Company; …

Infrastructure Planning In Rural Massachusetts, John R. Mullin, Jeanne H. Armstrong, Meir Gross, Robert D. Yaro

John R. Mullin

This paper describes the importance of understanding and dealing with the problems of infrastructure planning and maintenance in rural communities. Infrastructure is defined to include roads, bridges, water and wastewater collection and treatment systems, and public buildings and capital equipment. The authors base their findings primarily on the experience of communities in Massachusetts, but these findings are readily applied to the situation of rural communities elsewhere in the U.S.A. and other developed countries. Three major conclusions are presented in the paper: the need for rural communities to develop long-range plans for infrastructure maintenance and finance; the need to develop effective …

Alcances De La Problemática Municipal En Las Ciudades Intermedias Ecuatorianas, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El estudio es un avance del trabajo "Políticas urbanas del Estado en las ciudades Intermedias ecuatorianas”: realizado en el marco del programa de investigaciones que desarrolla el Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD bajo el auspicio del IDRC (Canadá) sobre el tema general PROCESO OE URBANIZACION y POLÍTICA EN EL ECUA DOR. Fue preparado para la "Conferencia sobre población y ciudades pequeñas e intermedias en América Latina y el Caribe" organizada por UNFPA y CEUR en Buenos Aires-Argentina del 4 al 6 de Julio de 1985.

O Desenvolvimento Urbano De Quito Entre Suas Crises Urbanas Mais Recentes, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

O desenvolvimento urbano de Quito apresenta, durante o último século, dois momentos cruciais: o primeiro, que vai desde a revolução liberal até o pós-guerra, caracterizado como um processo de transformações de notável envergadura e importância e o segundo, o único comparável em magnitude com o anterior, que se vive desde a modernização capitalista da década dos sessenta até hoje. Sem dúvida alguma, estes períodos deixaram profundas marcas no desenvolvimento posterior da cidade, a ponto de que o estudo e/ou planejamento de Quito atual e imediatamente futuro não podem desconhece-Ios sob nenhum pretexto.

A origem de cada um destes períodos pode …

La Renovación Urbana En Quito, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La conciencia de la incidencia de determinantes: sociales, económicos, culturales y políticos en la estructuración del entorno urbano, caduca la vigencia del concepto, RENOVACION URBANA como una simple intervención técnica. Así, la problemática especifica de la renovación urbana en América Latina debemos comprenderla como una particularidad de la problemática urbana de todos los países subdesarrollados y dependientes, evidenciándose lógicamente matices diferentes según el nivel de desarrollo de cada pueblo, pero las raíces son las mismas y son incuestionablemente el producto de la agresión del imperialismo, el colonialismo y el neocolonialismo que se materializa trágicamente en la dura realidad latinoamericana.

El …

Henry Ford And Field And Factory: An Analysis Of The Ford Sponsored Village Industries - Experiment In Michigan, 1918-1941, John R. Mullin

John R. Mullin

Between 1916 and 1941, Henry Ford embarked on an effort to decentralize the production facilities of the Ford Motor Company. One component of this effort was an experiment in which he located seventeen small factories, called Village Industries, in rural areas throughout southeastern Michigan. These factories were designed to utilize water power in the production of sub-assembly parts for Ford's main assembly plants and were intended to provide jobs for rural residents. Ford endeavored to develop a sense of "field and factory" in these plants by training rural workers in the latest technological advances, allowing them release time to farm …

Existen Los Barrios Periféricos En Quito?, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Los llamados: barrios periféricos, piratas, clandestinos, marginales, espontáneos, etc., vienen siendo desde la década del setenta, objeto de estudios y preocupaciones por parte de investigadores, prensa nacional, aparatos estatales, sectores de la iglesia, partidos políticos, etc. Análisis oficiales y contestatarios han venido utilizando las mismas categorías pero bajo marcos teóricos distintos. Esto, definitivamente, no es correcto. Este artículo pretende someter a discusión el sistema categorial que se viene utilizando en la interpretación de la fenomenología señalada; no por purismo teórico sino por requisitos que la misma investigación demanda.

El comentario va entonces, en la dirección de cuestionar la denominación de …

Assessing Economic Impacts Of Urban Recreation Development: Lowell National Historical Park, John Mullin, Meir Gross, James Palmer

John R. Mullin

This article describes a pragmatic approach to assessing the economic impact of major urban recreation development. It is based on an assessment of the impact of the Lowell National Historical Park (LNHP) on the metropolitan area of Lowell, Massachusetts. This study was conducted by the authors in response to the National Park Services' (NPS) need to anticipate impacts resulting from the creation of a new National Park in Lowell. More specifically, the NPS requested an analysis of the likely impact that the LNHP would have on economic development, employment, land use patterns, and local citizens. The assessment was prepared under …

The Impact Of National Socialist Policies Upon Local City Planning In Pre-War Germany (1933-1939): The Rhetoric And The Reality, John Mullin

John R. Mullin

This paper is a review and analysis of the influence of the national government upon local city planning during the pre-war years of National Socialism (1933-1939). The paper begins with a brief overview of the critical aspects of city planning during both the Wilhelmian years (1871-1918) and the Weimar era (1918-1932). These aspects are reviewed in the context of their contributions to the city planning profession in general and to the German experience in particular. The paper then reviews the influence of ideology on city planning activities and follows with an explanation of the "state of the city" at the …

Rating-Scale Methodology For Environmental Designers, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

There are many methods and techniques available to environmental designers to obtain and use information on spatial behavior, attitudes, preferences, opinions, and so on. Among them are rating-scale techniques. This paper discusses these from a particular theoretical orientation and covers the utility, concept, and an evaluation of rating scales. Three case studies are described to illustrate the application and usefulness of the graphic rating-scale technique to environmental designers.

Ecología Urbana En Quito Durante La Década De Los Setenta, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

Desde la década de los sesenta la ciudad de Quito entra en un agudo proceso de transformación, que tiene sus raíces en el particular desarrollo capitalista del país; este proceso evoluciona con la articulación más dinámica de la sociedad nacional al capitalismo central, cuando éste ha procreado los gigantescos monopolios transnacionales para dirigirlos hacia la industria.

En la década de los años setenta el proceso se consolida en consonancia con la profundización de un desarrollo capitalista, sustentado en los ingresos derivados de la comercialización petrolera, la modernización de la estructura agraria y del Estado, la formación de ciertas condiciones favorables …

Human Aspects Of Planning Shopping Centers, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

After a brief outline of the macro- and micro-model approaches to shopping, a perception and spatial behavior model is selected as a framework for the research study. The study aims to identify the variables constituting the mental image of a consumer's shopping environment and which of these variables are considered important in spatial choice. Statistically significant differences in the preferences of shoppers are found based on the type of township the shopper lives in, the purpose of the shopping trip, and the shopper's income group. Patterns of variation on consumer attitudes as to the perceived importance of various attributes are …

An Agentive Perspective Of Urban Planning, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

An agentive model of person-environment relations is proposed based on environmental behavior research. The agentive process consists of three stages: awareness of information in the phenomenal environment; perception and cognition - construal - of the environmental information; and action in the behavioral environment. The agentive model of urban planning brings together theory and practice and would assist efforts to resolve conflicts and achieve consensus in urban planning transactions.

Quito. Renta Del Suelo Y Segregación Urbana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El presente trabajo, que se publica dentro de la colección editorial PREMIO del Colegio de Arquitectos del Ecuador, es el resultado de un proceso de discusión e investigación realizado durante un período de aproximadamente tres años.

Con esta obra, los Autores -miembros del Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD- buscamos iniciar la discusión crítica respecto de los temas que aquí se tratan. Por tratarse de un primer estudio de acercamiento a la problemática urbana desde la perspectiva de la renta del suelo, reconocemos sus limitaciones. Por tanto, esperamos recibir las críticas, comentarios y sugerencias pertinentes, tan necesarios para el desarrollo de la …

An Agentive Model Of Person-Environment Relations, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

Three fundamentally different positions regarding the conceptualization of person‐environment relations are briefly discussed. An argument is made for the transactional‐constructivist position which regards the nature of what we take to be the environment as that which is only apprehended through the minds and actions of persons. The transformational process of this view of person‐environment relations, that of environmental knowing‐action, is elaborated upon in some detail. The transactional‐constructivist position, however, is transformed into an agentive one by adopting from the three basic images of persons that have been identified that of a person as agent. Consequently in the agentive process of …

Breadbox Water Heater Designs, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

Integral solar water heaters (batch, breadbox, ICS) provide the most economical and reliable means of heating water. Simple designs can perform well and provide service for decades. Basic design principles include box insulation, orientation and control of heat loss.

Planning For Energy Conservation, David A. Bainbridge

David A Bainbridge

City planning can provide multiple benefits by considering energy conservation, solar orientation and local resource harvesting. Narrower streets reduce construction costs, reduce urban heat island impacts and are safer. Above ground drainage reduces costs and returns rainwater to groundwater.

American Perceptions Of German City Planning At The Turn Of The Century, John Mullin

John R. Mullin

The German city in the late 1800's was a victim of many of the malaises that had struck earlier in the century in Britain and the United States. Rapid industrialization, improved transportation networks, and massive urbanization contributed to the creation of overcrowded, slum-like, disease-ridden cities throughout the nation. The long-admired medieval centers were increasingly prone to epidemics and destruction by fire. In a cultural-political sense, they were perceived by the ruling authorities as being corrupt, anti-volklich and centers of the much feared socialist movement. For the greater part of the century, the city had been neglected by both the national …

The Conceptual Determinants Of Two Archetypal City Forms, Nicholas Patricios

Nicholas Patricios

The two urban spatial forms analyzed from a cosmological point of view are the circular and the orthogonal. The circular symbolism of the Near Eastern cities is considered first followed by the Plato's theoretical city of Atlantis and then the ideal cities of the Renaissance architects. Circular cities of the 19th century, those of the Utopian Socialists, had in contrast an ideological basis. In addition to the practical basis for the orthogonal layout conceptual influences are evident in the grid cities of the ancient Greeks, in the Spanish Laws of the Indies, and those cities designed later to express the …

Society For Industrial Archeology Newsletter Volume 1 Number 6, The Society For Industrial Archeology

The Society for Industrial Archeology

No abstract provided.

Society For Industrial Archeology Newsletter Volume 1 Number 4, The Society For Industrial Archeology

The Society for Industrial Archeology

No abstract provided.

Society For Industrial Archeology Newsletter Volume 1 Number 3, The Society For Industrial Archeology

The Society for Industrial Archeology

No abstract provided.

Society For Industrial Archeology Newsletter Volume 1 Number 2, The Society For Industrial Archeology

The Society for Industrial Archeology

No abstract provided.

Society For Industrial Archeology Newsletter Volume 1 Number 1, The Society For Industrial Archeology

The Society for Industrial Archeology

No abstract provided.