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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Other Statistics and Probability
A Spectral Adjustment For Spatial Confounding, Yawen Guan, Garritt L. Page, Brian J. Reich, Massimo Ventrucci, Shu Yang
A Spectral Adjustment For Spatial Confounding, Yawen Guan, Garritt L. Page, Brian J. Reich, Massimo Ventrucci, Shu Yang
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Adjusting for an unmeasured confounder is generally an intractable problem, but in the spatial setting it may be possible under certain conditions. In this paper, we derive necessary conditions on the coherence between the treatment variable of interest and the unmeasured confounder that ensure the causal effect of the treatment is estimable. We specify our model and assumptions in the spectral domain to allow for different degrees of confounding at different spatial resolutions. The key assumption that ensures identifiability is that confounding present at global scales dissipates at local scales. We show that this assumption in the spectral domain is …
Examining Multiple Imputation For Measurement Error Correction In Count Data With Excess Zeros, Shalima Zalsha
Examining Multiple Imputation For Measurement Error Correction In Count Data With Excess Zeros, Shalima Zalsha
Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations
Measurement error and missing data are two common problems in wildlife population surveys. These data are collected from the environment and may be missing or measured with error when the observer’s ability to see the animal is obscured. Methods such as video transects for estimating red snapper abundance and aerial surveys for estimating moose population sizes are highly affected by these problems since total abundance will be underestimated if missing/mismeasured counts are ignored. We shall refer to this problem as visibility bias; it occurs when the true counts are observed when visibility is high, partially observed when visibility is low …
The Local Stability Of A Modified Multi-Strain Sir Model For Emerging Viral Strains, Miguel Fudolig, Reka Howard
The Local Stability Of A Modified Multi-Strain Sir Model For Emerging Viral Strains, Miguel Fudolig, Reka Howard
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
We study a novel multi-strain SIR epidemic model with selective immunity by vaccination. A newer strain is made to emerge in the population when a preexisting strain has reached equilbrium. We assume that this newer strain does not exhibit cross-immunity with the original strain, hence those who are vaccinated and recovered from the original strain become susceptible to the newer strain. Recent events involving the COVID-19 virus shows that it is possible for a viral strain to emerge from a population at a time when the influenza virus, a well-known virus with a vaccine readily available, is active in a …
Viewing Ode Models Through A New Lens: The Generalized Linear Chain Trick, Paul Hurtado, Cameron Richards
Viewing Ode Models Through A New Lens: The Generalized Linear Chain Trick, Paul Hurtado, Cameron Richards
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Applying The Data: Predictive Analytics In Sport, Anthony Teeter, Margo Bergman
Applying The Data: Predictive Analytics In Sport, Anthony Teeter, Margo Bergman
Access*: Interdisciplinary Journal of Student Research and Scholarship
The history of wagering predictions and their impact on wide reaching disciplines such as statistics and economics dates to at least the 1700’s, if not before. Predicting the outcomes of sports is a multibillion-dollar business that capitalizes on these tools but is in constant development with the addition of big data analytics methods. Sportsline.com, a popular website for fantasy sports leagues, provides odds predictions in multiple sports, produces proprietary computer models of both winning and losing teams, and provides specific point estimates. To test likely candidates for inclusion in these prediction algorithms, the authors developed a computer model, and test …
Task Interrupted By A Poisson Process, Jarrett Christopher Nantais
Task Interrupted By A Poisson Process, Jarrett Christopher Nantais
Major Papers
We consider a task which has a completion time T (if not interrupted), which is a random variable with probability density function (pdf) f(t), t>0. Before it is complete, the task may be interrupted by a Poisson process with rate lambda. If that happens, then the task must begin again, with the same completion time random variable T, but with a potentially different realization. These interruptions can reoccur, until eventually the task is finished, with a total time of W. In this paper, we will find the Laplace Transform of W in several special cases.
Resource-Saving Technologies For The Production Of Elastic Leather Materials: Collective Monograph, Olena Korotych, Anatolii Danylkovych, Serhii Bilinskyi, Serhii Bondarenko, Slava Branovitska, Vasyl Chervinskyi, Nataliia Khliebnikova, Alona Kudzieva, Viktor Lishchuk, Nataliia Lysenko, Olena Mokrousova, Nataliia Omelchenko, Vera Palamar, Yuliia Potakh, Oksana Romanyuk, Olga Sanginova, Oleksandr Zhyhotsky
Resource-Saving Technologies For The Production Of Elastic Leather Materials: Collective Monograph, Olena Korotych, Anatolii Danylkovych, Serhii Bilinskyi, Serhii Bondarenko, Slava Branovitska, Vasyl Chervinskyi, Nataliia Khliebnikova, Alona Kudzieva, Viktor Lishchuk, Nataliia Lysenko, Olena Mokrousova, Nataliia Omelchenko, Vera Palamar, Yuliia Potakh, Oksana Romanyuk, Olga Sanginova, Oleksandr Zhyhotsky
Chemistry Publications and Other Works
This monograph contains a collection of recent research papers focusing on advancing existing technologies and developing new technologies to improve the environmentally friendliness and save resources during the production of elastic leather materials. The papers are organized based on the type of technological process used to preserve raw hides. A lot of attention is devoted to mathematical planning, simulations, and multicriteria optimization of the technological processes using newly developed chemical reagents. The monograph contains a complex study of physicochemical properties and characteristics of the resulting leather materials. The developed technologies were tested by the private joint-stock company Chinbar (Kyiv, Ukraine) …
Cost Effectiveness Of Sample Pooling To Test For Sars-Cov-2, Baha Abdalhamid, Christopher Richard Bilder, Jodi Louise Garrett, Peter Charles Iwen
Cost Effectiveness Of Sample Pooling To Test For Sars-Cov-2, Baha Abdalhamid, Christopher Richard Bilder, Jodi Louise Garrett, Peter Charles Iwen
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Factor Structure And Measurement Invariance Of The Maslach Burnout Inventory In Emergency Medicine Residents, Tim P. Moran, Nicole Battaglioli, Simiao Li-Sauerwine
Factor Structure And Measurement Invariance Of The Maslach Burnout Inventory In Emergency Medicine Residents, Tim P. Moran, Nicole Battaglioli, Simiao Li-Sauerwine
Journal of Wellness
Introduction: Emergency medicine residents suffer from high rates of occupational burnout. Recent research has focused on identifying risk and protective factors for burnout as well as targets for intervention. This research has primarily employed the Maslach Burnout Inventory to evaluate burnout in this population. Factor analytic work has identified three underlying factors measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. However, this three-factor structure has not been evaluated in emergency medicine residents. Furthermore, its structural equivalence has not been demonstrated across commonly-studied risk factors, such as gender and year of post-graduate training. In the present study, …
Uniform Random Variate Generation With The Linear Congruential Method, Joseph Free
Uniform Random Variate Generation With The Linear Congruential Method, Joseph Free
PANDION: The Osprey Journal of Research and Ideas
This report considers the issue of using a specific linear congruential generator (LCG) to create random variates from the uniform(0,1) distribution. The LCG is used to generate multiple samples of pseudo-random numbers and statistical computation techniques are used to assess whether those samples could have resulted from a uniform(0,1) distribution. Source code is included with this report in the appendix along with annotations.
Harmony Amid Chaos, Drew Schaffner
Harmony Amid Chaos, Drew Schaffner
Pence-Boyce STEM Student Scholarship
We provide a brief but intuitive study on the subjects from which Galois Fields have emerged and split our study up into two categories: harmony and chaos. Specifically, we study finite fields with elements where is prime. Such a finite field can be defined through a logarithm table. The Harmony Section is where we provide three proofs about the overall symmetry and structure of the Galois Field as well as several observations about the order within a given table. In the Chaos Section we make two attempts to analyze the tables, the first by methods used by Vladimir Arnold as …
At The Interface Of Algebra And Statistics, Tai-Danae Bradley
At The Interface Of Algebra And Statistics, Tai-Danae Bradley
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This thesis takes inspiration from quantum physics to investigate mathematical structure that lies at the interface of algebra and statistics. The starting point is a passage from classical probability theory to quantum probability theory. The quantum version of a probability distribution is a density operator, the quantum version of marginalizing is an operation called the partial trace, and the quantum version of a marginal probability distribution is a reduced density operator. Every joint probability distribution on a finite set can be modeled as a rank one density operator. By applying the partial trace, we obtain reduced density operators whose diagonals …
A Study Of Cusum Statistics On Bitcoin Transactions, Ivan Perez
A Study Of Cusum Statistics On Bitcoin Transactions, Ivan Perez
Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, our objective is to study the relationship between transaction price and volume in the BTC/USD Coinbase exchange. In the second chapter, we develop a consecutive CUSUM algorithm to detect instantaneous changes in the arrival rate of market orders. We begin by estimating a baseline rate using the assumption of a local time-homogeneous Poisson process. Our observations lead us to reject the plausibility of a time-homogeneous Poisson model on a more global scale by using a chi squared test. We thus proceed to use CUSUM-based alarms to detect consecutive upward and downward changes in the arrival rate of …
Waiting-Time Paradox In 1922, Naoki Masuda, Takayuki Hiraoka
Waiting-Time Paradox In 1922, Naoki Masuda, Takayuki Hiraoka
Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)
We present an English translation and discussion of an essay that a Japanese physicist, Torahiko Terada, wrote in 1922. In the essay, he described the waiting-time paradox, also called the bus paradox, which is a known mathematical phenomenon in queuing theory, stochastic processes, and modern temporal network analysis. He also observed and analyzed data on Tokyo City trams to verify the relevance of the waiting-time paradox to busy passengers in Tokyo at the time. This essay seems to be one of the earliest documentations of the waiting-time paradox in a sufficiently scientific manner.
Statistical Models And Analysis Of Univariate And Multivariate Degradation Data, Lochana Palayangoda
Statistical Models And Analysis Of Univariate And Multivariate Degradation Data, Lochana Palayangoda
Statistical Science Theses and Dissertations
For degradation data in reliability analysis, estimation of the first-passage time (FPT) distribution to a threshold provides valuable information on reliability characteristics. Recently, Balakrishnan and Qin (2019; Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 35:571-590) studied a nonparametric method to approximate the FPT distribution of such degradation processes if the underlying process type is unknown. In this thesis, we propose improved techniques based on saddlepoint approximation, which enhance upon their suggested methods. Numerical examples and Monte Carlo simulation studies are used to illustrate the advantages of the proposed techniques. Limitations of the improved techniques are discussed and some possible solutions …
Analyzing Competitive Balance In Professional Sport, Kevin Alwell
Analyzing Competitive Balance In Professional Sport, Kevin Alwell
Honors Scholar Theses
In this paper we review several measures to statistically analyze competitive balance and report which leagues have a wider variance of performance amongst its competitors. Each league seeks to maintain high levels of parity, making matches and overall season more unpredictable and appealing to the general audience. Here we quantify competitive advantage across major sports leagues in numbers using several statistical methods in order for leagues to optimize their revenue.
Streamlining Time Spent In Alternative Developmental Mathematics Pathways: Increasing Access To College-Level Mathematics Courses By Altering Placement Procedures, Marla A. Sole
Publications and Research
Developmental mathematics, which is designed to prepare students for college-level mathematics courses, can be a barrier to students’ success. In the United States, the majority of students placed into developmental mathematics courses fail to complete the developmental sequence. Alternative mathematics pathways offer some benefits when integrated with “just-in- time support” or expedited instruction on specific prerequisite concepts needed solely for the current lesson. This study compares two statistics courses taught at a public community college: a complete course taught in one semester and a two-semester version with just-in-time developmental content integrated into the course. The study found that students placed …
Exact Distribution Of Linkage Disequilibrium In The Presence Of Mutation, Selection, Or Minor Allele Frequency Filtering, Jiayi Qu, Stephen D. Kachman, Dorian Garrick, Rohan L. Fernando, Hao Cheng
Exact Distribution Of Linkage Disequilibrium In The Presence Of Mutation, Selection, Or Minor Allele Frequency Filtering, Jiayi Qu, Stephen D. Kachman, Dorian Garrick, Rohan L. Fernando, Hao Cheng
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Linkage disequilibrium (LD), often expressed in terms of the squared correlation (r2) between allelic values at two loci, is an important concept in many branches of genetics and genomics. Genetic drift and recombination have opposite effects on LD, and thus r2 will keep changing until the effects of these two forces are counterbalanced. Several approximations have been used to determine the expected value of r2 at equilibrium in the presence or absence of mutation. In this paper, we propose a probability-based approach to compute the exact distribution of allele frequencies at two loci in a finite population at any generation …
Analysis And Forecasting Of The 360th Air Force Recruiting Group Goal Distribution, Tyler Spangler
Analysis And Forecasting Of The 360th Air Force Recruiting Group Goal Distribution, Tyler Spangler
Theses and Dissertations
This research utilizes monthly data from 2012-2017 to determine economic or demographic factors that significantly contribute to increased goaling and production potential in areas of the 360th Recruiting Groups. Using regression analysis, a model of recruiting goals and production is built to identify squadrons within the 360 RCGs zone that are capable of producing more or fewer recruits and the factors that contribute to this increased or decreased capability. This research identifies that a zones high school graduation rate, the number of recruiters, and the number of JROTC detachments in a zone are positively correlated with recruiting goals and that …
Effects Of Quantitative Literacy On Healthcare Decision-Making: An Aural Context, Robert G. Root, Sonia Bhala
Effects Of Quantitative Literacy On Healthcare Decision-Making: An Aural Context, Robert G. Root, Sonia Bhala
Numeracy
We propose a relationship between sensory modality, numerical formatting, and performance on a survey simulating healthcare decision-making. We examine the current literature on aural health literacy, and specifically aural literacy coupled with health numeracy. We then create a survey instrument called the Bhala test for this purpose and demonstrate that it is moderately internally consistent and provides results that correlate with the NUMi assessment, a widely accepted measure of health numeracy. The quantitative information provided in the Bhala test has two treatments, percentage and natural frequency formats, in an effort to determine which format is easier for subjects to use …
Evaluating An Ordinal Output Using Data Modeling, Algorithmic Modeling, And Numerical Analysis, Martin Keagan Wynne Brown
Evaluating An Ordinal Output Using Data Modeling, Algorithmic Modeling, And Numerical Analysis, Martin Keagan Wynne Brown
Murray State Theses and Dissertations
Data and algorithmic modeling are two different approaches used in predictive analytics. The models discussed from these two approaches include the proportional odds logit model (POLR), the vector generalized linear model (VGLM), the classification and regression tree model (CART), and the random forests model (RF). Patterns in the data were analyzed using trigonometric polynomial approximations and Fast Fourier Transforms. Predictive modeling is used frequently in statistics and data science to find the relationship between the explanatory (input) variables and a response (output) variable. Both approaches prove advantageous in different cases depending on the data set. In our case, the data …
The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Behavioral Outcomes, Jennifer Thomas
The Effects Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Behavioral Outcomes, Jennifer Thomas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study intends to explore the intersection of two vulnerable populations, early childhood development and risks associated with exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). This study examines how age plays a role in the long-term relationship between ACEs and internal and external behaviors. This study seeks to answer the question of: How does age influence the relationship between number of ACEs and internal and external behaviors? The participants in this study include those aged 0 – 16 from the National Survey of Child and adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) dataset. The NSCAW study consists of five waves of data where Wave I …
Association Between Baseline Abundance Of Peptoniphilus, A Gram-Positive Anaerobic Coccus, And Wound Healing Outcomes Of Dfus, Kyung R. Min, Adriana Galvis, Katherine L. Baquerizo Nole, Rohita Sinha, Jennifer Clarke, Robert S. Kirsner, Dragana Ajdic
Association Between Baseline Abundance Of Peptoniphilus, A Gram-Positive Anaerobic Coccus, And Wound Healing Outcomes Of Dfus, Kyung R. Min, Adriana Galvis, Katherine L. Baquerizo Nole, Rohita Sinha, Jennifer Clarke, Robert S. Kirsner, Dragana Ajdic
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lead to nearly 100,000 lower limb amputations annually in the United States. DFUs are colonized by complex microbial communities, and infection is one of the most common reasons for diabetes-related hospitalizations and amputations. In this study, we examined how DFU microbiomes respond to initial sharp debridement and off- loading and how the initial composition associates with 4 week healing outcomes. We employed 16S rRNA next generation sequencing to perform microbial profiling on 50 sam- ples collected from 10 patients with vascularized neuropathic DFUs. Debrided wound sam- ples were obtained at initial visit and after one week …
Representation Of Features As Images With Neighborhood Dependencies For Compatibility With Convolutional Neural Networks, Omid Bazgir, Ruibo Zhang, Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Raziur Rahman, Souparno Ghosh, Ranadip Pal
Representation Of Features As Images With Neighborhood Dependencies For Compatibility With Convolutional Neural Networks, Omid Bazgir, Ruibo Zhang, Saugato Rahman Dhruba, Raziur Rahman, Souparno Ghosh, Ranadip Pal
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Deep learning with Convolutional Neural Networks has shown great promise in image-based classification and enhancement but is often unsuitable for predictive modeling using features without spatial correlations. We present a feature representation approach termed REFINED (REpresentation of Features as Images with NEighborhood Dependencies) to arrange high-dimensional vectors in a compact image form conducible for CNN-based deep learning. We consider the similarities between features to generate a concise feature map in the form of a two-dimensional image by minimizing the pairwise distance values following a Bayesian Metric Multidimensional Scaling Approach. We hypothesize that this approach enables embedded feature extraction and, integrated …
Perceived Neighborhood: Preferences Versus Actualities, Saeed Moradi, Ali Nejat, Da Hu, Souparno Ghosh
Perceived Neighborhood: Preferences Versus Actualities, Saeed Moradi, Ali Nejat, Da Hu, Souparno Ghosh
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Housing recovery plays a key role in the overall restoration of a community. A multitude of factors affect housing recovery, many of which are associated with interactions of residents with their perceived neighborhoods. Targeting perceived neighborhoods rather than administratively defined measures of land helps with devising recovery plans that could better address social preferences of the residents. However, such measures are commonly subject to collection of information via expensive and time-consuming surveys. The current research aims to contribute to the domain by exploring the relationship between perception of households of their neighborhood anchors (perceived anchors) and the anchors that exist …
In Praise Of Partially Interpretable Predictors, Tri Le, Bertrand S. Clarke
In Praise Of Partially Interpretable Predictors, Tri Le, Bertrand S. Clarke
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Often there is an uninterpretable model that is statistically as good as, if not better than, a successful interpretable model. Accordingly, if one restricts attention to interpretable models, then one may sacrifice predictive power or other desirable properties. A minimal condition for an interpretable, usually parametric, model to be better than another model is that the first should have smallermean-squared error or integratedmean-squared error.We show through a series of examples that this is often not the case and give the asymptotic forms of a variety of interpretable, partially interpretable, and noninterpretable methods. We find techniques that combine aspects of both …
Tumor Ablation Due To Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Diffusion In Generic Three-Dimensional Topologies, Erdi Kara, Aminur Rahman, Eugenio Aulisa, Souparno Ghosh
Tumor Ablation Due To Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Diffusion In Generic Three-Dimensional Topologies, Erdi Kara, Aminur Rahman, Eugenio Aulisa, Souparno Ghosh
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
In recent decades computer-aided technologies have become prevalent in medicine, however, cancer drugs are often only tested on in vitro cell lines from biopsies. We derive a full three-dimensional model of inhomogeneous -anisotropic diffusion in a tumor region coupled to a binary population model, which simulates in vivo scenarios faster than traditional cell-line tests. The diffusion tensors are acquired using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging from a patient diagnosed with glioblastoma multiform. Then we numerically simulate the full model with finite element methods and produce drug concentration heat maps, apoptosis hotspots, and dose-response curves. Finally, predictions are made about optimal …
Statistical Downscaling With Spatial Misalignment: Application To Wildland Fire Pm2.5 Concentration Forecasting, Suman Majumder, Yawen Guan, Brian J. Reich, Susan O’Neill, Ana G. Rappold
Statistical Downscaling With Spatial Misalignment: Application To Wildland Fire Pm2.5 Concentration Forecasting, Suman Majumder, Yawen Guan, Brian J. Reich, Susan O’Neill, Ana G. Rappold
Department of Statistics: Faculty Publications
Fine particulate matter, PM2.5, has been documented to have adverse health effects, and wildland fires are a major contributor to PM2.5 air pollution in the USA. Forecasters use numerical models to predict PM2.5 concentrations to warn the public of impending health risk. Statistical methods are needed to calibrate the numerical model forecast using monitor data to reduce bias and quantify uncertainty. Typical model calibration techniques do not allow for errors due to misalignment of geographic locations. We propose a spatiotemporal downscaling methodology that uses image registration techniques to identify the spatial misalignment and accounts for and …
Aggregate Loss Model With Poisson-Tweedie Loss Frequency, Si Chen
Aggregate Loss Model With Poisson-Tweedie Loss Frequency, Si Chen
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The aggregate loss model has applications in various areas such as financial risk management and actuarial science. The aggregate loss is the summation of all random losses occurred in a period, and it is governed by both the loss severity and the loss frequency. While the impact of the loss severity on aggregate loss is well studied, less focus is paid on the influence of loss frequency on aggregate loss, which motivates our study. In this thesis, we enrich the aggregate loss framework by introducing the Poisson-Tweedie distribution as a candidate for modelling loss frequency, prove the closedness of Poisson-Tweedie …