Statistics and Probability Commons^™

Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Computer Systems In Community Hospital Food Service, Beverly Kittle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cost containment has always been a major concern to managers. Therefore, any system which decreases costs by reducing labor time is given serious evaluation.

A five week comparison was made between financial record keeping by the manual method and by the computerized method. A continuous time study was utilized to make this comparison.

Over the five weeks, an average overall time savings of 245 minutes for the computerized versus the manual method was observed. The net savings to the institution was 223 minutes per week which translates to approximately $140.00 per month over a 5 year period.

The rapid payback …

Mandibular Repositioning With Frankel Appliance Therapy, Clark E. Schneekluth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A sample of twelve Frankel appliance (FR-2) treated patients, in the mixed dentition stage, were selectively chosen by an orthodontist based on the Class II correction and evaluated from before treatment and end of treatment laminagraphic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The average treatment period was 22 months (1 yr. 10 mos.). The average pre-treatment age was 9.5 years with a range from 8 to 11 years old, while the average post-treatment age was 11.3 years with a range of 10 to 13 years.

Frankel appliance therapy was the only form of mechanics used in this study.

The before treatment lateral …

Orthodontic Information Systems : A Developmental Study, Gary D. Sheldon

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The intent of this study was to design and implement a computer-based orthodontic system providing an integrated information environment throughout the entire patient treatment process.

Total system integration was achieved by restructuring the entire information gathering process. A complete, evaluation of patient diagnosis and treatment evaluation procedures established five major information categories and a critical information list for proper patient management. Information organization was outlined to provide a logical progression in the information gathering process and patient chart forms were designed to implement this. Defining the computer system's performance identified three functions as follows: 1) entry and editing of individual …

Conformational Analysis Of Nonsteroidal Estrogen Analogs, Robert N. Spady

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In target tissue, estrogens initiate a series of events, ending in protein synthesis, by binding to a cytoplasmic receptor. Once the estrogen binds, the receptor complex is activated--a process including dimerization of the estrogen complex with another subunit. In order to study the possible receptor-ligand interactions, conformational analysis was performed on several nonsteroidal estrogen analogs, using the CAMSEQ8 molecular mechanics program.

The probability that a molecule will exist in a given conformational energy well depends both on the energy and the shape of the well. A method has been previously worked out to calculate probabilities using both of these variables, …

Sources Of Nosocomial Infections In Immunocompromised Patients (Letter), B. Burt Gerstman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

Experimentation Collection

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists, specifically pharmacologists and toxicologists, on the use of laboratory animals and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical substances. The majority of those surveyed felt that the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests, but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of nonsentient material in safety tests.

The Effect Of Fetal Age On Skin Permeability In Guinea Pigs, Benita Stiles Whitted

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Preliminary investigation has indicated large decreases in fetal skin permeability during the latter half of gestation (Parmley and Seeds, 1970; Treager, 1966). The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the degree of skin permeability in fetal guinea pigs at various gestational stages. The test hypothesis was that these skins would show a significant decrease in permeability to tritiated water when tested at time increments through out the latter half of gestation.

In vitro skin permeability to tritiated water was measured in samples from 22 guinea pig fetuses. Gestational age ranged from 30 to 65 days in increments of five, …

The Effect Of Self-Help Support Groups On Self Esteem And Blood Glucose In Young Insulin-Dependent Diabetics, Linda L. Woertz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Successful adaptation to diabetes is probably a function of many factors: the stress involved, the rewards, the motivation of the individual, and the self concept. The more optimal the self concept the more optimal the behavior may be. By helping the patient shape a positive self concept, a base can be built for blood glucose control (Bruhn, 1977, pp. 93-97). One method of improving self concept or self esteem may be through the development of self-help support groups for diabetics.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-help support group intervention on the levels of self …

The Effect Of Hypercholesterolemia On The Membrane Lipids, 3-0-[¹⁴C] Methylglucose Transport, And 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Levels In Rat Erythrocytes, Edwin J. Lester Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

An increase in dietary cholesterol and cholic acid will produce hypercholesterolemia in rats. For ten months, two groups of rats (six in each group) were fed commercial rat pellets (control group) or rat pellets plus cholesterol (1%) and cholic acid (0.25%) (experimental group). A blood sample from each animal was divided into three aliquots for three separate experiments on the erythrocytes: a membrane cholesterol and phospholipid determination, a 3-0-[¹⁴C] methylglucose (30MG) transport determination, and a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) determination. The 30MG transport and 2,3 DPG aliquots were each incubated in the same five concentrations of 30MG and glucose …

Support Systems Of Mexican-American Women And Their Attitudes Regarding Infant Feeding, Susan Marie Krantz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This was a descriptive study of 37 recently migrated to the United States, Spanish-speaking, Mexican-American women. Attitudes and support systems associated with their choice to breast or bottle feed their infants were studied. The purpose of this research was to answer the following questions:

1. What are the differences in the attitudes of Mexican- American primiparas who choose to breast feed and those who choose to bottle feed?

2. What are the differences in the practice, recommendations, and proximity of location of significant members of the women's support systems?

Twenty-one breast feeders and 16 bottle feeders were interviewed in Spanish …

Comparative In Vitro Studies On Bond Strength And Sealant Polymerization, Gerald E. Sievers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A comparison of two orthodontic sealants and two adhesives was made. An experimental adhesive was tested (Unitek*) also an experimental sealant (Unitek**) was evaluated for its ability to polymerize into a thin film. An established adhesive and sealant system (Concise***) was compared with the above products.

The factors which were considered important to the study were: the strength of the bond formed; the working efficiency; the ability for these materials to bond to the lingual of teeth; and the value of using contralateral teeth when testing bond strength.

An Instron testing machine was used to record the shear strength of …

The Effect Of Natural Measures To Aid In Sleep As Compared With The Use Of Flurazepam 30 Milligrams As Seen In The Hospitalized Male Patient, Myra Ladd Thompson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Sleep is necessary for physical and psychological restoration of the body. Studies indicate that tissue repair is augmented during sleep, showing that rates of protein synthesis and of mitotic division are higher at times of rest and sleep. Studies evaluating sleep-deprived subjects reveal that after loss of normal sleep, some types of memory and learning processes are impaired. These subjects generally become anxious and irritable, especially after loss of dreaming sleep.

Sleeping medications have been implicated by observers and researchers to be a cause of altered sleep patterns. These medications not only disrupt normal sleep cycles, but their continued use …

A Comparative Study On The Frequency Of Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, And Allergic Disorders Between Bottle-Fed And Breast-Fed Infants From Birth To Twelve Weeks Of Age, Sylvia C. Souza

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Questions concerning the advantages of breast-feeding have been debated since the introduction of commercially-prepared formula about 50 years ago. Some recognized benefits of breast milk include less respiratory as well as other Infections, less allergy in infancy and later life, and a lower morbidity rate in less-developed countries. From 1955 to 1971 in the United States there was a decline in the incidence of breast feeding related to several factors which included the introduction of formula, mothers returning to the work force, and strict maternity units' rules and routines. Since 1971 to the present there has been a resurgence in …

The Effect Of Periapical Inflammation On Cellular Cementum : A Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Gary S. Yonemoto

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphologic changes that occur in cellular cementum exposed to periapical inflammation.

Ten single rooted human teeth were collected. There were five specimens of normal cellular cementum and five specimens of diseased cellular cementum, which had been exposed to periapical inflammation. Each specimen was fractured longitudinally through the apical foramen, leaving the organic component intact. The cross-sectional morphology of cellular cementum was then examined using an ARM Model 1000 scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was also conducted on samples representative of the two test groups.

A methodology was …

Review Of Prognostic Factors For Esophageal Voice, Christine G. Bravos

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plan A of this study was completed. Plan B of the study is the subject for future research. A review of the laryngectomy literature, from the earliest mention of the laryngectomy surgical procedure to the present was conducted; with specific emphasis upon factors pertinent to laryngectomee rehabilitation and esophageal speech development. Psychological, idiosyncratic, social, therapeutic and physiological factors were reported as affecting esophageal voice development. There were a great diversity of variables that might be predictive in judging acquisition of esophageal voice. However, much of the information regarding predictive variables was based on subjective reports, poorly controlled statistical research, or …

Evaluation Of New Attachment Following Full Thickness Flap Procedure In Humans, Shaunda S. Steiner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study was made to investigate the biological possibility of obtaining new connective tissue attachment to periodontally diseased root surfaces following full thickness flap procedure. Reconstructive surgery was performed on seven teeth involved in advanced chronic periodontal disease. A mucoperiosteal flap was raised and the apical extent of existing subgingival calculus was marked with a notch made into the root just apical to the calculus. Following thorough instrumentation, sterile saline was applied to the root surface for five minutes, and the flap was repositioned and sutured. Four months later the teeth with attached periodontal tissues were removed and processed for …

An Analysis Of The Attitudes Of Unlicensed Personnel In San Bernardino Metropolitan Area Convalescent Hospitals Toward Their Jobs And The Geriatric Patients, Theodore G. Sneed

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In American society, convalescent facility residency is a fact of life for many of the aged. Typically, in these geriatric facilities, eighty to ninety percent of primary patient care services are delivered by unlicensed personnel. Unfortunately, this segment of the convalescent facility employee population tends to be transient, underpaid and overworked, and to feel very low esteem for themselves and their jobs. This situation has produced many service abuses and interaction difficulties in the convalescent facilities. Up until the present there has been little attempt on the part of Sociology to study this portion of the employee population in these …

Methodology In Measurement Of Load Loss Or Gain In Orthodontic Wires : A Pilot Study, Merton S. Lacy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to develop methods and equipment to measure and record over any desired length of time the loss or gain in force of any material used in orthodontics that can produce a force upon an object. The material and the object being acted upon should not be disturbed while measuring that force.

Holding devices were designed and constructed in two basic forms. For intrusive and extrusive type forces, a load cell was fixed horizontally in such a position that an adjustable tube with a set screw to hold the wire could be rotated to cause …

Effects Of Relaxation Therapy On Anxiety In Depressed Clients, Patricia Anne Worret

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

During a psychiatric field placement, it was noted by this nurse researcher that patients with a diagnosis of depression often overtly displayed symptoms of anxiety. A brief literature review revealed that this anxiety-depression duality occurred frequently.

The purpose of this study was to determine if relaxation therapy was a therapeutic intervention which could be utilized by nurses to provide relief from the symptoms of the anxiety-depression syndrome. This was a clinical, quasi-experimental research investigation. The sample was chosen by a purposive, non-random selection of 20 experimental and 10 control subjects who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of depression in an …

A Study Of The Physiological And Mental Effects Of Various Shift Patterns On Registered Nurses, Carolyn Taylor Smith

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of shift work on circadian I an rhythms has become a subject of great Interest to many industries, hospitals, and sleep researchers. More and more recognition is being given to the results of these studies, especially the possible adverse effects on those working the night shift or a shift they are unable to adapt to adequately. Only a few of these studies, however, have been conducted on registered nurses, a major group involved with shift work.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on nurses working the a.m. shift (7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.), …

The Effect Of Nursing Discharge Counseling Sessions On The Pre-Discharge Anxiety Level Of The Neurotically-Depressed Female In A Community Hospital Setting, Deborah Snyder Galasso

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Discharge from the hospital has been identified as a time when patients are in need of additional nursing support. The prospect of leaving the protective hospital environment to return to the home environment with its life stresses can cause anxiety. This study was designed to test the effect of a nursing intervention, discharge counseling sessions, on the anxiety level of the neurotically-depressed female prior to discharge.

The null hypothesis guiding this study was: nursing discharge counseling sessions will have no significant (α=0.05) effect on the pre-discharge anxiety level of the neurotically-depressed female in a community hospital setting. The State-Trait Anxiety …

The Effects Of A Teen Mother Program On The Growth And Development Of The Child, Barbara Mccarthy

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Teen-aged childbearing is a serious social, economic and health problem which has now reached epidemic proportions in the United States. Teen pregnancies have been shown to produce infants of low birth weight, of higher risk to disease and of slower growth and development.

Many programs have been developed by the state and federal government to help the young mother better cope with the problems of pregnancy. These Teen Mother programs combine the opportunity to complete a high school education with instruction in the special skills needed for parenting. This study was designed to investigate the growth and development of the …

A Comparison Of The Empathy Of Registered Nurses Practicing Primary Nursing As Compared To That Of Registered Nurses Practicing Team Nursing, Carol Milardo Floriani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Historically the most outstanding feature of the nursing profession has been its genuine concern for the human being, and quality care of the sick has been its manifestation. However, technology with its high level of development and pervasiveness in the culture of the United States has threatened not only our society at large but also the nursing profession. "Depersonalized" and "nursing" are contradictory terms, and if used together certainly cannot denote a high quality of nursing care. In order to meet this threat, concerned health care professionals are studying ways to increase the empathetic element in nursing care in order …

The Effect Of Post-Hospital Nursing Intervention On Success In Breastfeeding, Melinda Hoskins

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the proportion of women in the experimental group who had a successful breastfeeding experience following post-discharge nursing intervention with the proportion of women in the control group who had a successful breastfeeding experience without nursing intervention. Criteria defining success in breastfeeding were established before the study. Chi-square analysis was used to test for significance with the preset level of significance being α = 0.05. The sample comprised 25 mother-infant dyads with 12 in the experimental group and 13 in the control group. Both groups were similar in type of delivery (spontaneous or …

The Effect Of A Values Clarification Strategy On The Smoking Behavior Of Pregnant Women, Jean Eiber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The null hypothesis of this study stated that there would be no significant difference (α=.05) in the change in smoking behavior following a teaching intervention to discourage smoking in pregnant women between those who completed a values clarifying strategy prior to the intervention and those who did not. Forty subjects were randomly assigned 20 to an experimental group and 20 to a control group. Both groups completed a pretest questionnaire concerning demographic data and smoking behavior. Information regarding the adverse effects on the fetus and on the developing child of smoking was presented to each subject by the researcher. The …

Treatment Of Persistent Open-Bite Malocclusions With Interarch Elastic Fixation, Kent L. Phillips

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the facial complex after treatment of persistent anterior open-bites with Dr. R. M. Ricketts' "squeeze treatment." This treatment method requires heavy elastic fixation for one month in conjunction with placement of T-loop arches.

Twelve open-bite patients were selected for the study. Quantative[sic] measurements from lateral cephalometric and laminagraphs of the temporomandibular joint were also evaluated. Qualitative observations were obtained from the periapical radiographs, models, and photos.

Tooth extrusion occurred in varying amounts followed by alveolar crest and apical repair.

Statistical significance was shown in the correction of incisor overbite, …

Fatigue Properties Of Orthodontic Wire, Kirkland B. Reuer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fracture of orthodontic appliances can be a problem because of the time involved to replace and repair them. It has been shown that most failures have been a result of fatigue fracture, i.e., failure resulting from cyclic loading.

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect variation of the type of orthodontic wire and heat treatment had on fatigue resistance. A device was constructed to put a cyclic load on a piece of wire until fracture. Two types of cobalt-chromium alloy wire (Blue and Green Elgiloy from Rocky Mountain Orthodontics) and three types of stain less steel wire …

The Effect Of Primary Nursing On Nurse Job Satisfaction And Patient Satisfaction With Nursing Care, Karen Garrison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nursing as a profession has seen the loss of large numbers of practitioners through job dissatisfaction. In addition, recent studies testing professional growth among new graduates have demonstrated negative findings. Lack of responsibility and accountability have been indicated as potential causes of these problems which confront professional nursing.

In nursing modalities such as functional, case method and team nursing the lack of autonomy in providing care is visible. The team nursing approach fragments patient care; a nurse in this system is responsible for team members rather than directly for patients. The registered nurse does not have enough personal contact in …

A Cephalometric Evaluation Of The Dentofacial Changes Effected With Non-Extraction Treatment Utilizing Class Ii Intermaxillary Elastics, Sing Autrapiromsook

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of Class II intermaxillary elastics were studied by means of serial cephalometric records on 24 Class II malocclusions. All of the cases were non-extraction and no headgear was employed. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken prior to, and immediately following, the removal of the elastics. The amount of normal, growth adjustments was considered in all measurements. Molar movement and anatomical plane changes were analyzed statistically. The Student t-test were used to evaluate the significant changes.

The following conclusions are based upon a statistical analysis of the observed changes:

1. The maxillary first molars did not move distally with respect to …

Cell Mediated Immunity By Cytotoxicity Assay And The Effect Of Corynebacterium Parvum And Radiation On Mice Bearing Herpes-Induced Tumors, Robert B. Stagg

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cell mediated immune (CMI) cytotoxic reactivity of Balb/c mice against H238 cells, a Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2 - induced sarcoma, was measured by the ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. The Balb/c mouse response to the growing HSV-induced tumor, treated with radiation and , was measured by survival rate, tumor growth and immune cytotoxicity of spleen and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) as determined by ¹²⁵IUdR release assay. Subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of 1 x 10⁶ H238 cells (high dose) produced progressive tumor growth while s.c. inoculation of 1 x 10⁴ H238 cells (low dose) produced no tumors. A …