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Full-Text Articles in Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

The Interaction Of Topological Defects In Anisotropically-Elastic Nematic Liquid Crystals, Carter J. Swift May 2022

The Interaction Of Topological Defects In Anisotropically-Elastic Nematic Liquid Crystals, Carter J. Swift

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

Topological defects are very well understood so long as the medium in which they exist is isotropically-elastic. They lead to director fields which are easy to calculate and superpose linearly so that a system with any number of defects is analytically treatable. They also have an interaction which is simple in form and can be accurately described by the Peach-Koehler force. In an anisotropically-elastic medium, however, such defects are very poorly understood outside of the single-defect case which was solved by Dzyaloshinskii. In this project, numerical and approximate analytical techniques are applied in order to better understand the interaction between …


Temperature Dependent Surface Reconstruction Of Freely Suspended Films Of 4-N-Heptyloxybenzylidene-4-N-Heptylaniline, Daniel E. Martinez Zambrano Jun 2015

Temperature Dependent Surface Reconstruction Of Freely Suspended Films Of 4-N-Heptyloxybenzylidene-4-N-Heptylaniline, Daniel E. Martinez Zambrano

Lawrence University Honors Projects

Surfaces of freely suspended thick films of 4-n-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-n-heptylaniline (7O.7) in the crystalline-B phase have been imaged using non-contact mode atomic force microscopy. Steps are observed on the surface of the film with a height of 3.0 +/- 0.1 nm corresponding to the upright molecular length of 7O.7. In addition, we find that the step width varies with temperature between 56 and 59 degrees C. The steps are many times wider than the molecular length, suggesting that the steps are not on the surface but instead originate from edge dislocations in the interior. Using a strain model for liquid crystalline layers …


Phase Transitions In Smectic Liquid Crystal Systems, John Van Atta, Josh Ziegler Oct 2014

Phase Transitions In Smectic Liquid Crystal Systems, John Van Atta, Josh Ziegler

Physics

Liquid crystal systems show strong responses to small changes in both temperature and electric field. Changing these conditions can result in phase shifts and other similar behaviors. We study several theoretical models of smectic liquid crystals. The ideas and notation are first developed in basic polynomial models used to describe liquid crystal systems dependent only on temperature. Specifically, smectic-C to smectic-A phase transitions are examined in a fourth-order polynomial model. The bifurcations in the nonlinear equations are shown to correspond to the phase transi- tions in the system. Similar analytic techniques are then applied to a more complex model, based …