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2018

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Articles 31 - 60 of 338

Full-Text Articles in Engineering Physics

Conceptual Framework For Improved Management Of Risks And Uncertainties Associated With The Performance Of The Building Enclosure, Ivar Björnsson, Miklós Molnár Sep 2018

Conceptual Framework For Improved Management Of Risks And Uncertainties Associated With The Performance Of The Building Enclosure, Ivar Björnsson, Miklós Molnár

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The building enclosure has a substantial impact on the overall performance of a building, especially in relation to moisture safety, energy use, environmental footprint and economy. Although the introduction of novel building technology can increase the risk of failures in terms of reduced building performance, failures can also result from the recurrence of past mistakes while using well established building technologies. This indicates that the dissemination of existing knowledge, often documented in project reports, handbooks or experience databases, is not always carried out in an efficient way. One way of addressing the issue is by increasing awareness concerning potential risks …

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Environmental Conditions And Occupant Satisfaction In The Workplace: A Controlled Study In A Living Lab, Jennifer Nguyen, Stephanie Huynh, Anja Jamrozik, Nicholas Clements, Christian Ramos, Brent Bauer, Jie Zhao Sep 2018

Environmental Conditions And Occupant Satisfaction In The Workplace: A Controlled Study In A Living Lab, Jennifer Nguyen, Stephanie Huynh, Anja Jamrozik, Nicholas Clements, Christian Ramos, Brent Bauer, Jie Zhao

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Living labs offer a powerful, new way to measure human-building interactions. In addition to having the advantages of a traditional controlled laboratory setting, living labs facilitate the study of how combinations of environmental factors directly affect human health and satisfaction in a real-world setting. The aim of this experimental study was to characterize the relationship between individual-level exposure to environmental conditions and reported satisfaction with environmental quality in a simulated open-office workspace created in a living lab. Eight office workers were exposed to six different week-long combinations of light (natural and electric), sound, and thermal conditions over 18 weeks in …

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Study On Improving The Surface Wet Condition Of Subfloor By Hygroscopic Material In Rural Residences Of China, Jinzhong Fang, Mingfang Tang, Lin Jiang, Dongfang Lai Sep 2018

Study On Improving The Surface Wet Condition Of Subfloor By Hygroscopic Material In Rural Residences Of China, Jinzhong Fang, Mingfang Tang, Lin Jiang, Dongfang Lai

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Microporous surface materials are put forward to prevent condensation on subfloor in some building design standards and specifications in China. However, in the current study there are mostly applied cases, lacking of quantitative research. This paper simulated and compared the surface wet condition of three different surface materials by WUFI software: solid brick, hardwood and glazed tile brick. The results shows that the time on surface relative humidity that above 95%, hygroscopic subfloor reduces by more than 20% over non-hygroscopic subfloor, and the improvement is over 45% in relative humidity range of 99% to 100%. In high-humidity areas such as …

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The Application Of Computed Tomography For Characterising The Pore Structure Of Building Materials, Steven Claes, Wouter Van De Walle, Muhammad Islahuddin, Hans Janssen Sep 2018

The Application Of Computed Tomography For Characterising The Pore Structure Of Building Materials, Steven Claes, Wouter Van De Walle, Muhammad Islahuddin, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Flow and transport phenomena in porous media play a significant role in various fields of science and technology, comprising a spectrum from medical sciences over material sciences to soil and rock sciences. Also in building materials, the transfer of moisture and heat play a crucial role when assessing their properties and performances. Hence, three-dimensional analyses of the pore structure of building materials are becoming progressively more important in recent years, to obtain more accurate interpretations and simulations of their characteristics. Computed tomography has proven to be an excellent and versatile tool to perform these analyses non-destructively. The reconstruction of the …

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Thermal Performance Of Pcm-Glazing Unit Under Moderate Climatic Conditions, Anna Wieprzkowicz, Dariusz Heim Sep 2018

Thermal Performance Of Pcm-Glazing Unit Under Moderate Climatic Conditions, Anna Wieprzkowicz, Dariusz Heim

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Considering physical properties, transparent or translucent building components like windows or glazing facades are the weakest elements of building envelope. The heat transfer coefficient of such elements is approximately four times higher than for opaque partitions, which causes considerable increase of heat loss during winter. In summer relatively high solar transmittance is a source of heat gains which results in undesirable overheating. Application of phase change materials in glazing components affects its thermal performance by the increase of its heat capacity and decrease of solar heat gains, with regard to the current physical state of the PCM. The aim of …

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The Effect Of The Position And Temperature Difference Of Local Radiant Asymmetry On Thermal Comfort: An Experimental Investigation, Stijn Van Craenendonck, Leen Lauriks, Cedric Vuye, Jarl Kampen Sep 2018

The Effect Of The Position And Temperature Difference Of Local Radiant Asymmetry On Thermal Comfort: An Experimental Investigation, Stijn Van Craenendonck, Leen Lauriks, Cedric Vuye, Jarl Kampen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In cold and moderate climates, poorly designed construction joints can lead to local low surface temperatures, which entails local radiant asymmetry. An experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that overall and local thermal sensation is influenced by temperature difference, and position and distance of local radiant asymmetry. In the experiment, 18 subjects participated where they were introduced in a room at 21°C and 45% relative humidity. The subjects were exposed to local radiant asymmetry created by a cooling plate. This plate was positioned at three different heights, and controlled for temperatures at 3, 6 or 10°C below room …

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Power Generation And Visual Comfort Performance Of Photovoltaic Toplighting Technologies In Transient Spaces, Nick Novelli, Brandon Andow, Scott Overall, Mohamed Aly, Christopher Morse, Berardo Matalucci Sep 2018

Power Generation And Visual Comfort Performance Of Photovoltaic Toplighting Technologies In Transient Spaces, Nick Novelli, Brandon Andow, Scott Overall, Mohamed Aly, Christopher Morse, Berardo Matalucci

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Advances in long-span glazed structures and interest in high-performance building design has proliferated semi-conditioned spaces with large areas of overhead glazing. These spaces are often programmed with intermittent occupation where variability of the indoor climate is an intentional factor of the experience. Technological options for glazed canopy structures have likewise evolved, gaining functions such as power generation which diversifies the benefits of overhead glazing beyond weather protection and daylighting. Here we model the multiple benefits of current and emerging toplighting technologies deployed in the overhead glazing of a train station and compare power generation and visual comfort. A common building …

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Solar Efficiency Index Of Building Envelopes And Load Matching In Low Energy Buildings, Ellika Taveres-Cachat, Francesco Goia, Steinar Grynning Sep 2018

Solar Efficiency Index Of Building Envelopes And Load Matching In Low Energy Buildings, Ellika Taveres-Cachat, Francesco Goia, Steinar Grynning

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Net-zero energy buildings oftentimes rely on solar-based building integrated technologies to offset energy use and achieve their goals. However, the value of a particular system is difficult to assess given that these technologies often bring about complex interactions with the indoor environment, and building energy management systems. The approach chosen in this study was to propose and test a simple index called the Solar Efficiency index (SE index), which makes it possible to characterize the performance of building envelopes with integrated solar systems. The index was used to investigate the effect of different configurations of a PV integrated shading device …

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Developing And Testing Visual Privacy Metrics, Noor Alkhalili, Ted Kesik, William O'Brien, Terri Peters Sep 2018

Developing And Testing Visual Privacy Metrics, Noor Alkhalili, Ted Kesik, William O'Brien, Terri Peters

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The dense redevelopment of inner cities (intensification) has been accompanied by a dramatic surge in the development of multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) within ever shrinking proximities to one another. Modern multi-unit residential building design often embodies conflicting desires for daylighting and visual privacy, or designers simply do not consider collective occupant discomfort factors. Thus, the focus of this project was to develop and validate conceptual and quantitative variables influencing visual privacy, such that future and existing residential designs can be analyzed from a visual privacy perspective. This paper formulates an approach that combines building physics (visual angles and relative brightness) …

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Lighting Systems And Users Interactions In Classrooms And Laboratory Rooms, Camila Novais, Roberta Souza, Andrea Pereira Sep 2018

Lighting Systems And Users Interactions In Classrooms And Laboratory Rooms, Camila Novais, Roberta Souza, Andrea Pereira

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In Brazil, there has been an increase in the use of certifications designed to assess and improve building performance. Despite these advances, there is still little knowledge concerning the buildings’ post-occupancy. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the occupants’ behaviour regarding the use of lighting and internal shading devices. Classrooms and laboratories at UFMG Architecture and Design School were used as case study. The main objective was to analyse how a cycle of influences works: how occupants influence energy consumption and act in relation to the buildings systems, as well as how the building and the internal systems influence …

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Simulation-Based Approach To Optimize Courtyard Form Concerning Climatic Comfort In Hot And Humid Climate, Mehmet Bekar, Gülten Manioğlu Sep 2018

Simulation-Based Approach To Optimize Courtyard Form Concerning Climatic Comfort In Hot And Humid Climate, Mehmet Bekar, Gülten Manioğlu

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In hot and humid regions, in order to provide indoor thermal comfort conditions, most important design strategies are to maximize shady areas and natural ventilation. Courtyard building form was developed mainly in response to climatic requirements especially in hot climates. A courtyard is an unroofed area that is completely or partially enclosed by walls or building spaces. The function of the courtyard is to improve comfort conditions by modifying the microclimate around the building. The proportion of the courtyard affects considerably the shadows produced on the building envelope, and consequently the received solar radiation and the comfort conditions in the …

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Thermal Effect Of Metal Fin Inside Elevated Radiant Floor Based On The Thermal Utilization Of A Burning Cave, Xueyan Zhang, Bin Chen, Jiayi Zhao Sep 2018

Thermal Effect Of Metal Fin Inside Elevated Radiant Floor Based On The Thermal Utilization Of A Burning Cave, Xueyan Zhang, Bin Chen, Jiayi Zhao

International Building Physics Conference 2018

A rural house integrated with an elevated floor heating system based on the thermal utilization of a burning cave has been established to provide a more comfortable and clear indoor environment. Inside the elevated floor heating system, air is taken as the heat transfer medium and tin layer is designed as metal fin in the middle layer of the elevated floor to enhance heat transfer. In this study, heat transfer process and thermal performance of the inner metal fin were analyzed by theoretical calculations and field measurements. The results show that while the heat flux of the burning cave is …

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Development Of A Procedure For Estimating The Parameters Of Mechanistic Emission Source Models From Chamber Testing Data, Zhenlei Liu, Andreas Nicolai, Marc Abadie, Menghao Qin, Jensen Zhang Sep 2018

Development Of A Procedure For Estimating The Parameters Of Mechanistic Emission Source Models From Chamber Testing Data, Zhenlei Liu, Andreas Nicolai, Marc Abadie, Menghao Qin, Jensen Zhang

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In order to evaluate the impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from building materials on the indoor pollution load and indoor air quality beyond the standard chamber test conditions and test period, mechanistic emission source models have been developed in the past. However, very limited data are available for the required model parameters including the initial concentration (Cm0), in-material diffusion coefficient (Dm), partition coefficient (Kma), and convective mass transfer coefficient (km). In this study, a procedure is developed for estimating the model parameters by using VOC emission data from standard small chamber tests. Multivariate regression analysis on the experimental …

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Evaluation Of The Physical Interpretability Of Calibrated Building Model Parameters, Sarah Juricic, Simon Rouchier, Aurélie Foucquier, Gilles Fraisse Sep 2018

Evaluation Of The Physical Interpretability Of Calibrated Building Model Parameters, Sarah Juricic, Simon Rouchier, Aurélie Foucquier, Gilles Fraisse

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Identifying building envelope thermal properties from the calibration of a lumped model raises identifiability issues. Not only needs the simplified model to be structurally identifiable, i.e. deliver unique estimates after calibration, but also the data used might not be informative enough to result in either or both accurate estimates and physically interpretable values. This could particularly be the case when data is extracted from non intrusive in situ measurements, in the sense not disturbing potential occupancy. In this frame, this paper develops a method to investigate the physical interpretation of the parameters of lumped models through a numerical tests procedure. …

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Considerations On The Thermal Modelling Of Insulated Metal Panel Systems, Ligia Moga, Ioan Moga Sep 2018

Considerations On The Thermal Modelling Of Insulated Metal Panel Systems, Ligia Moga, Ioan Moga

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The very strict regulations imposed by the European directives regarding low energy consumptions of buildings imposes the availability of thermal and energy efficient solutions for the building envelope. One common solution is given by insulated metal penal systems, which are typically used for industrial buildings but lately also used for other types of buildings (e.g. residential buildings, hotels, hospitals). These types of solutions must be properly addressed from the thermal modelling and simulation point of view considering a different thermal behaviour due to its detail components. For insulated metal penal systems the typical calculations are done by considering only the …

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Numerical Thermal Model Of A Double-Glazed Window Filled With Phase Change Materials, Daniel Uribe, Nicolás Benavente, Waldo Bustamante, Sergio Vera Sep 2018

Numerical Thermal Model Of A Double-Glazed Window Filled With Phase Change Materials, Daniel Uribe, Nicolás Benavente, Waldo Bustamante, Sergio Vera

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Phase change materials (PCMs) glazing systems might be able to improve the building energy performance because of controlling solar heat gains and peak heating and cooling loads. EnergyPlus, a state-of-the-art energy simulation tool, allows simulating the heat transfer through opaque elements that incorporate PCMs. However, EnergyPlus does not allow this for transparent elements with PCMs. As consequence, the main objective of this research is to develop a numerical thermal model of double glazing windows with PCM in the cavity to be coupled with EnergyPlus in the future. To develop the numerical heat transfer model, the sensible and latent heat of …

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Effect Of Economic Indicators On Cost-Optimal Energy Performance Levels Of Residential Buildings Retrofits In The Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Neşe Ganiç Sağlam, Zerrin A. Yılmaz, Stefano P. Corgnati Sep 2018

Effect Of Economic Indicators On Cost-Optimal Energy Performance Levels Of Residential Buildings Retrofits In The Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Neşe Ganiç Sağlam, Zerrin A. Yılmaz, Stefano P. Corgnati

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This study aims to analyse the effect of economic indicators on cost-optimal levels of residential building retrofits in Mediterranean region of Turkey. Sensitivity analyses were applied on the cost-optimality calculation results for the residential reference building. The sensitivity analyses address discount rate and potential investment cost decreases. Results reveal that 6% variation in the discount rate corresponds to more than 30 kWh/m2y difference in the primary energy consumption of the cost-optimal solutions. Potential investment cost decreases for certain retrofit measures are also effective on identified cost-optimal levels and subsidy opportunities appear as an effective tool to achieve higher energy efficiency …

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Techno Economic Analysis Of Individual Building Renovation Roadmaps As An Instrument To Achieve National Energy Performance Targets, Iná Maia, Andreas Müller, Lukas Kranzl, Michael Hartner, Sebastian Forthuber Sep 2018

Techno Economic Analysis Of Individual Building Renovation Roadmaps As An Instrument To Achieve National Energy Performance Targets, Iná Maia, Andreas Müller, Lukas Kranzl, Michael Hartner, Sebastian Forthuber

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In order to achieve the Paris COP21 agreement, retrofitting activities in the building stock have to be strongly enhanced, therefore individual building renovation roadmaps (IBRR) can be an instrument for guiding building owners through this process. The research question of this paper is: how ambitious should individual building renovation roadmaps be to achieve consistency with future scenarios of the building stock’s energy performance? The methodology applied follows these steps: first, the bottom-up discrete choice building stock model Invert/EE-Lab (www.invert.at) is applied to develop a scenario of building stock related energy demand, CO2-emissions and costs until the year 2050. The scenario …

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Humans And Nature In The Loop: Integrating Occupants & Natural Conditioning Into Advanced Controls For High Performance Buildings, Vivian Loftness, Azizan Aziz, Volker Hartkopf, Khee Poh Lam, Bertrand Lasternas Sep 2018

Humans And Nature In The Loop: Integrating Occupants & Natural Conditioning Into Advanced Controls For High Performance Buildings, Vivian Loftness, Azizan Aziz, Volker Hartkopf, Khee Poh Lam, Bertrand Lasternas

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Post Occupancy Evaluation plus Measurements (POE+M) has revealed that thermal, visual, acoustic and even air quality standards derived through controlled experimentation alone does not ensure comfort or health in buildings. Introducing human input into environmental standards and into user centric controls is critically needed for a sustainable future. For over a decade, CMU’s Center for Building Performance & Diagnostics has been gathering POE+M data from over 1500 workstations around the world and testing the benefits on innovative environmental control systems. The separation of ambient and task conditioning, the provision of task controls, the introduction of occupant voting and bio-signal inputs …

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Dynamic Environment, Adaptive Comfort, And Cognitive Performance, Richard De Dear, Fan Zhang Sep 2018

Dynamic Environment, Adaptive Comfort, And Cognitive Performance, Richard De Dear, Fan Zhang

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Since the invention of airconditioning over 100 years ago a central research challenge has been to define the indoor environmental temperatures best suited for occupants. The first scientific approach to this question was framed in terms of optimising occupant thermal comfort, commonly expressed as a U-function, symmetrical around a single optimum temperature for any given combination of the remaining comfort parameters (ISO, 2005). The inescapable conclusion drawn from such logic in the minds of risk-averse design engineers is that the only strategy able to reliably deliver occupant comfort is HVAC applied to sealed-façade architecture. A rigorous scientific rebuttal of the …

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A Comparison Of Model Order Reduction Methods For The Simulation Of Wall Heat Transfer, Tianfeng Hou, Staf Roels, Hans Janssen Sep 2018

A Comparison Of Model Order Reduction Methods For The Simulation Of Wall Heat Transfer, Tianfeng Hou, Staf Roels, Hans Janssen

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In this paper, the potential of model order reduction for simulating building performance is assessed, via a case study of modelling heat transfer through a massive masonry wall. Two model order reduction techniques – proper orthogonal decomposition and proper generalized decomposition – are investigated and compared. Moreover, to illustrate the performance of model order reduction techniques, the accuracies of the two model order reduction techniques are respectively compared with a standard finite element method. The outcomes show that both of the two model order reduction techniques are able to provide an accurate result, and the proper generalized decomposition tends to …

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A Rain Simulator To Examine Green Roof And Soil Moisture Sensor Performance, Endla S. Feustel, Yige Yang, Cliff I. Davidson Sep 2018

A Rain Simulator To Examine Green Roof And Soil Moisture Sensor Performance, Endla S. Feustel, Yige Yang, Cliff I. Davidson

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Green roof technology plays a large role managing stormwater runoff in urban areas, where impervious surfaces cause substantial amounts of stormwater runoff to enter combined sewer systems. If the stormwater flow exceeds the capacity of treatment plants, this often results in the discharge of raw sewage into nearby bodies of water. Green roofs can reduce the occurrence of raw sewage discharge by decreasing the amount of mixed wastewater and stormwater flowing into combined sewers. Engineers and designers are looking for ways to improve the performance of green roofs and to understand parameters such as field capacity and time to onset …

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Pcm-To-Air Heat Exchangers For Free Cooling Applications, Mohamed Dardir, Mohamed El Mankibi, Fariborz Haghighat Sep 2018

Pcm-To-Air Heat Exchangers For Free Cooling Applications, Mohamed Dardir, Mohamed El Mankibi, Fariborz Haghighat

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Applications of PCM-to-air heat exchangers (PAHXs) were discussed in literature for free cooling application due to their latent thermal storage abilities. This paper aims to justify the generalization of a numerical model of PAHX and to compare the thermal performance of two different configurations of PAHX system. A generalized numerical model is developed and validated based on general apparent heat capacity method. The validation results show good agreement of the generalized approach in terms of averaged error with the experimental data. Model potential and limitations are discussed, and further recommendations are proposed to improve model accuracy. The paper ensures the …

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Bio-Inspired Outdoor Systems For Enhancing Citizens Thermal Comfort In Public Spaces By Learning From Nature, Marta Chafer, Cristina Piselli, Anna Laura Pisello, Ilaria Pigliautile, Gabriel Perez, Luisa F. Cabeza Sep 2018

Bio-Inspired Outdoor Systems For Enhancing Citizens Thermal Comfort In Public Spaces By Learning From Nature, Marta Chafer, Cristina Piselli, Anna Laura Pisello, Ilaria Pigliautile, Gabriel Perez, Luisa F. Cabeza

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In the last decades a variety of high-energy efficient solutions for building envelopes were developed and tested for enhancing indoor thermal comfort and improving indoor environmental quality of private spaces by learning from nature. To this aim, adaptive solutions, conceived thanks to green and bio inspiration, were designed and constructed in various climate conditions and for a variety of building uses. Given the huge population flow toward urban areas, well-being conditions in the public spaces of such dense built environment are being compromised, also due to anthropogenic actions responsible for massive environmental pollution, local overheating, urban heat island, etc. Moreover, …

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Analysis Of Thermal Bridges In Insulated Masonry Walls: A Comparison Between Vacuum Insulated Panels And Expanded Polystyrene, Adrian Bucur, Ligia Moga Sep 2018

Analysis Of Thermal Bridges In Insulated Masonry Walls: A Comparison Between Vacuum Insulated Panels And Expanded Polystyrene, Adrian Bucur, Ligia Moga

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The paper presents a comparative study between the thermal performances of a couple of masonry walls with no insulation and then insulated with vacuum insulation panels and expanded polystyrene. The research purpose is to demonstrate the superior thermal performance of the vacuum insulation panels compared to common thermal insulation, in initial state and even after 25 years in service. It also provides the steps to determine the effective thermal resistance of the buildings elements insulated with vacuum insulation panels, considering both local and geometric thermal bridges. Results emphasize that even after 25 years in use, the walls insulated with vacuum …

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Experimental Investigation Of The Impact Of Pcm Containment On Indoor Temperature Variations, Iva Rešetar, Norbert Palz Sep 2018

Experimental Investigation Of The Impact Of Pcm Containment On Indoor Temperature Variations, Iva Rešetar, Norbert Palz

International Building Physics Conference 2018

In view of growing concerns on climate change and temperature extremes, there is a need to explore novel methods that provide thermal comfort in architecture. Latent heat thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCM) has been widely researched in last decades in the field of energy technology and proved beneficial for reduction and shifting of the thermal loads and improving the overall thermal storage capacity of building components. Although a variety of PCM containments have been investigated for indoor cooling applications, the examples of exposed, design-oriented macro-encapsulations are rare. This paper presents a study of visible, suspended ceiling encapsulations …

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Hygrothermal Performance Of Historic Massive Wall: When Is 2d Simulation Necessary?, Dario Bottino Leone, Marco Larcher, Alexandra Troi, John Grunewald Sep 2018

Hygrothermal Performance Of Historic Massive Wall: When Is 2d Simulation Necessary?, Dario Bottino Leone, Marco Larcher, Alexandra Troi, John Grunewald

International Building Physics Conference 2018

Hygrothermal analysis of historical building envelopes is crucial in ensuring their durability and enhancing their performances. The use of hygrothermal dynamic simulation is the most effective approach to predict moisture related damages or risk of mould growth on ancient masonry envelopes. However, simulating the hygrothermal behaviour of a historic wall composed by stones or bricks and mortar joints, with a detailed two-dimensional (2D) model, is typically a complex and time-consuming process. For this reason, in numerical models, composite walls are often simplified with a one-dimensional (1D) layer, neglecting the mortar joints. An oversimplified numerical model could affect the evaluation of …

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Assessment Of The Bipv Potential At The City Of Prague And Their Effect On The Built Environment, Nikolaos Skandalos, Jan Tywoniak, Kamil Stanek, Lenka Maierova Sep 2018

Assessment Of The Bipv Potential At The City Of Prague And Their Effect On The Built Environment, Nikolaos Skandalos, Jan Tywoniak, Kamil Stanek, Lenka Maierova

International Building Physics Conference 2018

This work highlights the BIPV potential in two urban areas with different characteristics at the city of Prague. Representative building blocks were selected and CitySim software tool was used for the assessment of the hourly irradiation profiles on each surface over one year period. Considering appropriate irradiation thresholds, suitable surfaces were then quantified. Integration criteria are discussed and suitable BIP V applications are proposed considering not only energy performance but also their impact on the quality of built environment. Results indicated that only 5.5% of the total area can be used in Vinohrady and 13.7% in Jizni Mesto contributing on …

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Chemical Analysis Of Precipitation And Stormwater Runoff From A Large Green Roof, Kimberly Fitzgerald, Alexander Johnson, Cliff I. Davidson Sep 2018

Chemical Analysis Of Precipitation And Stormwater Runoff From A Large Green Roof, Kimberly Fitzgerald, Alexander Johnson, Cliff I. Davidson

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The growth medium of a green roof is likely to affect the chemistry of the rainwater passing through it, which may impact the receiving waters. Currently only limited data exist on the changes in rain chemistry caused by green roofs. The objectives of this project are to determine the differences in concentration of several contaminants in rain and in runoff from a green roof in downtown Syracuse, NY, and to explore reasons for the observed differences. A few samples were collected in 2014 and 2016, but most of the data are from 2017. Collection of precipitation uses funnels, while collection …

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Effects Of Gaseous Pollution And Thermal Conditions On The Corrosion Rates Of Copper And Silver In Data Centre Environment: A Literature Review, Rui Zhang, Roger Schmidt, Jeremy Gilbert, Jensen Zhang Sep 2018

Effects Of Gaseous Pollution And Thermal Conditions On The Corrosion Rates Of Copper And Silver In Data Centre Environment: A Literature Review, Rui Zhang, Roger Schmidt, Jeremy Gilbert, Jensen Zhang

International Building Physics Conference 2018

The objectives of the present review are to: 1) summarize the existing knowledge on the mechanisms of the corrosion, identify and analyze the major factors affecting the corrosion of copper and silver; 2) compare various measurement techniques for the study of atmospheric corrosion and models of corrosion; 3) identify knowledge gaps for atmospheric corrosion; 4) recommend “realistic worst case” pollution levels for laboratory testing of humidity and temperature effects on corrosion and assessment of datacom equipment reliability in data centers. This review focuses on the five pollutants: SO2, NO2, H2S, O3 and Cl2. Results of the review include: the pollution …

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