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Articles 31 - 60 of 83
Full-Text Articles in Physics
The Effects Of Surface Pace In Baseball, Jason Farlow
The Effects Of Surface Pace In Baseball, Jason Farlow
Senior Theses
A baseball travels across different surfaces at different paces. The goal of this experiment is to find a percentage difference in speeds the ball will reflect off a given surface. The energy lost on the turf surface was far more significant than on dirt surface as the turf lost an average of 26% of its energy as compared to just 16% of the energy on dirt. In the Northwest conference, teams play on four turf-based infields and five dirt-based infields. The results of this study suggest that kinetic friction forces are more significant in reducing ball rebound speed than in …
Super Inflation Mechanism And Dark Energy From A Cosmological Entropy Perspective, Ali̇ İhsan Keski̇n
Super Inflation Mechanism And Dark Energy From A Cosmological Entropy Perspective, Ali̇ İhsan Keski̇n
Turkish Journal of Physics
Various approaches are developed that provide a unification of the early inflationary epoch of the universe and dark energy (cosmic accelerating expansion case). In one respect, we express this unification in a universal thermodynamic framework within the context of $F\left( T,T_{G} \right)$ gravity, where $T$ represents the torsion invariant and $T_{G}$ is the teleparallel equivalent of the Gauss--Bonnet term. For a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe model bounded by the dynamical apparent horizon, we explore the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics (GSLT). Finally, we discuss the super inflation mechanism, the deceleration case (radiation and dust regions), and the late time cosmic acceleration …
Thermodynamics Of Cosmological Models With Generalized $G$ And $\Lambda $, M Saratchandra Singh, Sanasam Surendra Singh
Thermodynamics Of Cosmological Models With Generalized $G$ And $\Lambda $, M Saratchandra Singh, Sanasam Surendra Singh
Turkish Journal of Physics
Here we investigate spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time models of the universe to study the thermodynamic behaviors in light of variables $G$ and $\Lambda $. A particular method to find the solutions of Einstein's field equations and mathematical expressions for temperature and entropy of the perfect fluid cosmological models is introduced by using both the equation of state and the assumption $G=G_{0} \,a^{n}$. It is observed that the phantom field of ($\omega
Nature Of Entropy In A Scalar-Tensor Theory Of Gravity, Onur Siğinç, Mustafa Salti, Hi̇lmi̇ Yanar, Oktay Aydoğdu
Nature Of Entropy In A Scalar-Tensor Theory Of Gravity, Onur Siğinç, Mustafa Salti, Hi̇lmi̇ Yanar, Oktay Aydoğdu
Turkish Journal of Physics
This work is devoted to studying the generalized nature of the entropy function in a specific form of the scalar-tensor-vector (STeVe) theory of gravity for the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime in the state of thermal equilibrium. For this purpose, we define an equilibrium picture of thermodynamics by making use of a suitable set of the dark energy density and dark pressure descriptions, which defines an energy-momentum tensor obeying the local energy conservation law. Furthermore, we also discuss our results numerically in order to get additional implications.
Comment On "Roles Of Bulk Viscosity On Rayleigh-Taylor Instability: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Due To Spatio-Temporal Pressure Fronts" Phys. Fluids 28, 094102 (2016), Robert L. Ash
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Second Law Of Gravitational Thermodynamics In The Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi Type-Ii Universe, Murat Korunur
Second Law Of Gravitational Thermodynamics In The Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi Type-Ii Universe, Murat Korunur
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this work, under the assumption that the universe is locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-II and filled with anisotropic dark fluid (dark energy and dark radiation), we investigate whether the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) is still valid. We also consider another important condition for LRS Bianchi type-II spacetimes whereby the model expansion $\theta $ is proportional to the shear $\sigma $, which leads to $B=A^{n}$ (where n is a constant and A and B are the metric potentials). Based on this, we derive a general circumstance for the GSLT and find that its validity depends on the …
Identifying Student Difficulties With Entropy, Heat Engines, And The Carnot Cycle, Trevor I. Smith, Warren M. Christensen, Donald B. Mountcastle, John R. Thompson
Identifying Student Difficulties With Entropy, Heat Engines, And The Carnot Cycle, Trevor I. Smith, Warren M. Christensen, Donald B. Mountcastle, John R. Thompson
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
We report on several specific student difficulties regarding the second law of thermodynamics in the context of heat engines within upper-division undergraduate thermal physics courses. Data come from ungraded written surveys, graded homework assignments, and videotaped classroom observations of tutorial activities. Written data show that students in these courses do not clearly articulate the connection between the Carnot cycle and the second law after lecture instruction. This result is consistent both within and across student populations. Observation data provide evidence for myriad difficulties related to entropy and heat engines, including students’ struggles in reasoning about situations that are physically impossible …
Investigation Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of The Oligomerization Domain Of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C, John P. O'Brien Iii
Investigation Of The Thermodynamic Properties Of The Oligomerization Domain Of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C, John P. O'Brien Iii
Honors Theses
The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) performs a critical role in the processing of nascent pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-mRNA) transcripts as they exit DNA polymerase II. As the pre-mRNA transcripts emerge from the polymerase complex, they are bound by hnRNP C only if its nucleotide (NT) chain is longer than a certain nucleotide length. If the chain is long enough and binding occurs, the nucleotide strand is exported and processed as mRNA, whereas if the length requirement is not met, the RNA sequence is directed along a pathway to become small nuclear RNA (snRNA). The functional form of hnRNP …
Symmetry And The Order Of Events In Time: The Thermodynamics Of Blackbodies Composed Of Positive Or Negative Masssymmetry And The Order Of Events In Time: The Thermodynamics Of Blackbodies Composed Of Positive Or Negative Mass, Randy Wayne
Turkish Journal of Physics
I have previously proposed a discrete symmetry called CPM (charge-parity-mass) symmetry that defines matter as having positive mass and antimatter as having negative mass-both being involved in processes that proceed forward in time. I have generalized the second law of thermodynamics to describe and predict the order of events in time that take place in reversible thermodynamic systems composed of positive or negative mass. Here I extend the CPM symmetry to irreversible thermo-optical radiation systems characterized by the Stefan-Boltzmann law, Planck's blackbody radiation law, and Einstein's law of specific heat. The laws of radiation analyzed in terms of CPM symmetry …
Lectures On Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics, V P. Nair
Lectures On Thermodynamics And Statistical Mechanics, V P. Nair
Open Educational Resources
No abstract provided.
Cosmological Constant As Confining U(1) Charge In Two-Dimensional Dilaton Gravity, Daniel Grumiller, Robert A. Mcnees Iv, Jakob Salzer
Cosmological Constant As Confining U(1) Charge In Two-Dimensional Dilaton Gravity, Daniel Grumiller, Robert A. Mcnees Iv, Jakob Salzer
Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works
The cosmological constant is treated as a thermodynamical parameter in the framework of two-dimensional dilaton gravity. We find that the cosmological constant behaves as a U(1) charge with a confining potential, and that such potentials require a novel Born-Infeld boundary term in the action. The free energy and other thermodynamical quantities of interest are derived, from first principles, in a way that is essentially model independent. We discover that there is always a Schottky anomaly in the specific heat and explain its physical origin. Finally, we apply these results to specific examples, like anti-de Sitter–Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black holes, Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli black holes …
Hydration Of The Sulfuric Acid−Methylamine Complex And Implications For Aerosol Formation, Danielle J. Bustos, Berhane Temelso, George C. Shields
Hydration Of The Sulfuric Acid−Methylamine Complex And Implications For Aerosol Formation, Danielle J. Bustos, Berhane Temelso, George C. Shields
Faculty Journal Articles
The binary H2SO4−H2O nucleation is one of the most important pathways by which aerosols form in the atmosphere, and the presence of ternary species like amines increases aerosol formation rates. In this study, we focus on the hydration of a ternary system of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), methylamine (NH2CH3), and up to six waters to evaluate its implications for aerosol formation. By combining molecular dynamics (MD) sampling with high-level ab initio calculations, we determine the thermodynamics of forming H2SO4(NH2CH3)(H …
First-Principles Atomistic Simulations Of Energetic Materials, Aaron Christopher Landerville
First-Principles Atomistic Simulations Of Energetic Materials, Aaron Christopher Landerville
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation is concerned with the understanding of physico-chemical properties of energetic materials (EMs). Recently, a substantial amount of work has been directed towards calculations of equations of state and structural changes upon compression of existing EMs, as well as elucidating the underlying chemistry of initiation in detonating EMs. This work contributes to this effort by 1) predicting equations of state and thermo-physical properties of EMs, 2) predicting new phases of novel EMs, and 3) examining the initial stages of chemistry that result in detonation in EMs. The motivation for the first thrust, is to provide thermodynamic properties as input …
Approximate Equations Of State In Two-Temperature Plasma Mixtures, John D. Ramshaw, Andrew W. Cook
Approximate Equations Of State In Two-Temperature Plasma Mixtures, John D. Ramshaw, Andrew W. Cook
Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations
Approximate thermodynamic state relations for multicomponent atomic and molecular gas mixtures are often constructed by artificially partitioning the mixture into its constituent materials and requiring the separated materials to be in temperature and pressure equilibrium. Iterative numerical algorithms have been employed to enforce this equilibration and compute the resulting approximate state relations in single-temperature mixtures. In partially ionized gas mixtures, there is both theoretical and empirical evidence that equilibrating the chemical potentials, number densities, or partial pressures of the free electrons is likely to produce more accurate results than equilibrating the total pressures. Moreover, in many situations of practical interest …
Size-Induced Chemical And Magnetic Ordering In Individual Fe–Au Nanoparticles, Pinaki Mukherjee, Priyanka Manchanda, Pankaj Kumar, Lin Zhou, Matthew J. Kramer, Arti Kashyap, Ralph Skomski, David J. Sellmyer, Jeffrey E. Shield
Size-Induced Chemical And Magnetic Ordering In Individual Fe–Au Nanoparticles, Pinaki Mukherjee, Priyanka Manchanda, Pankaj Kumar, Lin Zhou, Matthew J. Kramer, Arti Kashyap, Ralph Skomski, David J. Sellmyer, Jeffrey E. Shield
David Sellmyer Publications
Formation of chemically ordered compounds of Fe and Au is inhibited in bulk materials due to their limited mutual solubility. However, here we report the formation of chemically ordered L12-type Fe3Au and FeAu3 compounds in Fe–Au sub-10 nm nanoparticles, suggesting that they are equilib-rium structures in size-constrained systems. The stability of these L12-ordered Fe3Au and FeAu3 com-pounds along with a previously discovered L10-ordered FeAu has been explained by a size-dependent equilibrium thermodynamic model. Furthermore, the spin ordering of these three com-pounds has been computed using ab initio first-principle calculations. All ordered compounds exhibit a …
Dynamical (E,2e) Studies Of Tetrahydropyran And 1,4-Dioxane, J. D. Builth-Williams, G. Da Silva, L. Chiari, D. B. Jones, Hari Chaluvadi, Don H. Madison, M. J. Brunger
Dynamical (E,2e) Studies Of Tetrahydropyran And 1,4-Dioxane, J. D. Builth-Williams, G. Da Silva, L. Chiari, D. B. Jones, Hari Chaluvadi, Don H. Madison, M. J. Brunger
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present experimental and theoretical results for the electron-impact ionization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of tetrahydropyran and 1,4-dioxane. Using an (e,2e) technique in asymmetric coplanar kinematics, angular distributions of the slow ejected electron, with an energy of 20 eV, are measured when incident electrons at 250 eV ionize the target and scatter through an angle of either -10° or -15°. The data are compared with calculations performed at the molecular 3-body distorted wave level. Fair agreement between the theoretical model and the experimental measurements was observed. The similar structures for these targets provide key insights for assessing the …
Probing Secondary And Tertiary Rna Folding Using Force And Temperature, William Stephenson
Probing Secondary And Tertiary Rna Folding Using Force And Temperature, William Stephenson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
RNA folding is the process whereby a single stranded RNA molecule assumes its three-dimensional functional conformation. Along with the protein folding problem, the RNA folding problem remains as one of the great unsolved problems in biophysics. Generally RNA folding occurs in a hierarchical manner whereby the sequence of an RNA (primary structure) determines which regions will form helical segments (secondary structure) before further rearrangement and base pairing of secondary structure motifs (tertiary structure). Due to the intimate connection between structure and function within molecular biology, increased familiarity with the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern RNA folding will permit the …
Entropy Driven Crystal Formation On Highly Strained Substrates, John R. Savage, Stefan F. Hopp, Rajesh Ganapathy, Sharon J. Gerbode, Andreas Heuer, Itai Cohen
Entropy Driven Crystal Formation On Highly Strained Substrates, John R. Savage, Stefan F. Hopp, Rajesh Ganapathy, Sharon J. Gerbode, Andreas Heuer, Itai Cohen
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
In heteroepitaxy, lattice mismatch between the deposited material and the underlying surface strongly affects nucleation and growth processes. The effect of mismatch is well studied in atoms with growth kinetics typically dominated by bond formation with interaction lengths on the order of one lattice spacing. In contrast, less is understood about how mismatch affects crystallization of larger particles, such as globular proteins and nanoparticles, where interparticle interaction energies are often comparable to thermal fluctuations and are short ranged, extending only a fraction of the particle size. Here, using colloidal experiments and simulations, we find particles with short-range attractive interactions form …
Non-Fermi Liquid Transport And "Universal" Ratios In Quantum Griffiths Phases, David Nozadze, Thomas Vojta
Non-Fermi Liquid Transport And "Universal" Ratios In Quantum Griffiths Phases, David Nozadze, Thomas Vojta
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We use the semi-classical Boltzmann equation to investigate transport properties such as electrical resistivity, thermal resistivity, thermopower, and the Peltier coefficient of disordered metals close to an antiferromagnetic quantum phase transition. In the quantum Griffiths phase, the electrons are scattered by spin-fluctuations in the rare regions. This leads to singular temperature dependencies not just at the quantum critical point, but in the entire Griffiths phase. We show that the resulting non-universal power-laws in transport properties are controlled by the same Griffiths exponent λ which governs the thermodynamics. λ takes the value zero at the quantum critical point and increases throughout …
Transcendental Thermodynamics, Richard E. Morel, George Fleck
Transcendental Thermodynamics, Richard E. Morel, George Fleck
Kahn Institute Projects
Thermodynamics is often viewed as a narrow, introspective discipline, trapped by its origins in the 18th and 19th centuries. By dramatic contrast, we show that the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics provides explanations and interpretations of all natural events, extending across artificial boundaries of tradition- al academic disciplines. The Fourth Law of Thermodynamics states that far-from-equilibrium systems increase entropy at the maximum rate available to them. This broadly inclusive paradigm applies to systems from molecules, to organisms, to the biosphere. The Fourth Law is the Law of Evolution. All systems that communicate with their environment exhibit self-organization and self-optimization, enabling the …
Numerical Study Of The Thermodynamics Of Clinoatacamite, Ehsan Khatami, Joel Helton, Marcos Rigol
Numerical Study Of The Thermodynamics Of Clinoatacamite, Ehsan Khatami, Joel Helton, Marcos Rigol
Faculty Publications
We study the thermodynamic properties of the clinoatacamite compound, Cu2(OH)3Cl, by considering several approximate models. They include the Heisenberg model on (i) the uniform pyrochlore lattice, (ii) a very anisotropic pyrochlore lattice, and (iii) a kagome lattice weakly coupled to spins that sit on a triangular lattice. We utilize the exact diagonalization of small clusters with periodic boundary conditions and implement a numerical linked-cluster expansion approach for quantum lattice models with reduced symmetries, which allows us to solve model (iii) in the thermodynamic limit. We find a very good agreement between the experimental uniform susceptibility and the numerical results for …
Computational Study Of The Hydration Of Sulfuric Acid Dimers: Implications For Acid Dissociation And Aerosol Formation, Berhane Temelso, Thuong Ngoc Phan, George C. Shields
Computational Study Of The Hydration Of Sulfuric Acid Dimers: Implications For Acid Dissociation And Aerosol Formation, Berhane Temelso, Thuong Ngoc Phan, George C. Shields
Faculty Journal Articles
We have investigated the thermodynamics of sulfuric acid dimer hydration using ab initio quantum mechanical methods. For (H2SO4)2(H2O)n where n = 0−6, we employed high-level ab initio calculations to locate the most stable minima for each cluster size. The results presented herein yield a detailed understanding of the first deprotonation of sulfuric acid as a function of temperature for a system consisting of two sulfuric acid molecules and up to six waters. At 0 K, a cluster of two sulfuric acid molecules and one water remains undissociated. Addition of a second …
Thermodynamics Of Liquid Alkali Metals Using Pseudopotential Perturbation Scheme, Jagendra Kamalsinh Baria, Ashvinkumar Ramaniklal Jani
Thermodynamics Of Liquid Alkali Metals Using Pseudopotential Perturbation Scheme, Jagendra Kamalsinh Baria, Ashvinkumar Ramaniklal Jani
Turkish Journal of Physics
Recently proposed model potential of Baria and Jani is used with the exchange and correlation effect of Sarkar et al. to calculate internal energy (Enthalpy), Entropy and Helmholtz free energy of liquid Na, K, Rb and Cs at various temperatures with the variational approach. The parameter of the potential is determined with the standard zero pressure condition. The structure factor derived by Percus-Yevick solution for hard sphere fluids which is characterized by hard sphere diameter \sigma is used. A good agreement between theoretical investigations and experimental findings has confirmed the ability of the model potential to the liquid alkali metals.
Thermodynamics And Phase Transitions For The Heisenberg Model On The Pinwheel Distorted Kagome Lattice, Ehsan Khatami, Rajiv Singh, Marcos Rigol
Thermodynamics And Phase Transitions For The Heisenberg Model On The Pinwheel Distorted Kagome Lattice, Ehsan Khatami, Rajiv Singh, Marcos Rigol
Faculty Publications
We study the Heisenberg model on the pinwheel distorted kagome lattice as observed in the material Rb2Cu3SnF12. Experimentally relevant thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures are computed utilizing numerical linked-cluster expansions. We also develop a Lanczos-based, zero-temperature, numerical linked-cluster expansion to study the approach of the pinwheel distorted lattice to the uniform kagome-lattice Heisenberg model. We find strong evidence for a phase transition before the uniform limit is reached, implying that the ground state of the kagome-lattice Heisenberg model is likely not pinwheel dimerized and is stable to finite pinwheel-dimerizing perturbations.
Thermodynamics Of Strongly Interacting Fermions In Two-Dimensional Optical Lattices, Ehsan Khatami, Marcos Rigol
Thermodynamics Of Strongly Interacting Fermions In Two-Dimensional Optical Lattices, Ehsan Khatami, Marcos Rigol
Faculty Publications
We study finite-temperature properties of strongly correlated fermions in two-dimensional optical lattices by means of numerical linked cluster expansions, a computational technique that allows one to obtain exact results in the thermodynamic limit. We focus our analysis on the strongly interacting regime, where the on-site repulsion is of the order of or greater than the band width. We compute the equation of state, double occupancy, entropy, uniform susceptibility, and spin correlations for temperatures that are similar to or below the ones achieved in current optical lattice experiments. We provide a quantitative analysis of adiabatic cooling of trapped fermions in two …
Thermodynamics Of Magnetic Multilayers, Tathagata Mukherjee
Thermodynamics Of Magnetic Multilayers, Tathagata Mukherjee
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Our interest in thermodynamics of magnetic thin film heterostructure began by exploring the possibility to use magnetic nanostructures in the search for optimized magnetocaloric materials for potential room temperature refrigeration. In the present thesis magnetic thin film heterostructures are experimentally realized by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). Co/Cr and Fe/Cr superlattices were fabricated using mean-field theoretical concepts as guiding principles. The potential of artificial antiferromagnets for near room-temperature refrigeration is explored. Magnetocaloric properties are deduced from measurements of the temperature and field dependence of the magnetization of our samples. The effects of intra-plane and inter-plane exchange …
Scaling Properties At Freeze-Out In Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. V. Alakhverdyants, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, B. D. Anderson, S. Bueltmann, I. Koralt, D. Plyku, Star Collaboration
Scaling Properties At Freeze-Out In Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. V. Alakhverdyants, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, B. D. Anderson, S. Bueltmann, I. Koralt, D. Plyku, Star Collaboration
Physics Faculty Publications
Identified charged pion, kaon, and proton spectra are used to explore the system size dependence of bulk freeze-out properties in Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV. The data are studied with hydrodynamically motivated blast-wave and statistical model frameworks in order to characterize the freeze-out properties of the system. The dependence of freeze-out parameters on beam energy and collision centrality is discussed. Using the existing results from Au + Au and pp collisions, the dependence of freeze-out parameters on the system size is also explored. This multidimensional systematic study furthers our understanding of the QCD phase diagram revealing the importance …
Speciation And Spectroscopy Of The Uranyl And Tetravalent Plutonium Nitrate Systems: Fundamental Studies And Applications To Used Fuel Reprocessing, Nicholas A. Smith
Speciation And Spectroscopy Of The Uranyl And Tetravalent Plutonium Nitrate Systems: Fundamental Studies And Applications To Used Fuel Reprocessing, Nicholas A. Smith
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This dissertation explores the use of UV-Visible spectroscopy and Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy as near real time process monitors of uranium and plutonium concentrations in aqueous reprocessing trains. The molar absorptivities and linear ranges of these metals were investigated under total nitrate and acid concentrations similar to those found in current reprocessing systems. Concurrent to this, a new multiple wavelength monitor was derived that is capable of determining the total nitrate concentration spectroscopically. This method uses the uranium absorbance spectrum to calculate the nitrate concentration in solution. When used as part of an Advanced Safeguard suite, this technique …
Thermodynamics Of Modified Theories Of Gravity, Aric Hackebill
Thermodynamics Of Modified Theories Of Gravity, Aric Hackebill
Theses and Dissertations
Einstein’s equations are derived by following Jacobson’s thermodynamic method. It is seen that a family of possible field equations exist which satisfy the thermodynamic argument. Modified theories of gravity are addressed as possible candidates for replacing dark matter as an explanation for anomalous cosmological phenomena. Many of the proposed modified theories are not powerful enough to explain the currently observed phenomena and are rejected as viable theories of gravity. A surviving candidate, TeVeS, is further analyzed under the aforementioned thermodynamic argument to check for its consistency with thermodynamics.
Structure-Property Maps And Optimal Inversion In Configurational Thermodynamics, Gus L. W. Hart, Björn Arnold, Alejandro Díaz Ortiz, Helmut Dosch
Structure-Property Maps And Optimal Inversion In Configurational Thermodynamics, Gus L. W. Hart, Björn Arnold, Alejandro Díaz Ortiz, Helmut Dosch
Faculty Publications
Cluster expansions of first-principles density-functional databases in multicomponent systems are now used as a routine tool for the prediction of zero- and finite-temperature physical properties. The ability of producing large databases of various degrees of accuracy, i.e., high-throughput calculations, makes pertinent the analysis of error propagation during the inversion process. This is a very demanding task as both data and numerical noise have to be treated on equal footing. We have addressed this problem by using an analysis that combines the variational and evolutionary approaches to cluster expansions. Simulated databases were constructed ex professo to sample the configurational space in …